Choline chloride - AR, ≥98% , CAS No.67-48-1

CAS: 67-48-1 Cat. No.: C108896 Formula: C5H14ClNO Molecular Weight: 139.62 Beilstein Registry Number: 3563126 EC Number: 200-655-4
AVAILABLE TO ORDER
GRADE & PURITY AR ? Analytical Reagent grade — high-purity chemicals meeting strict assay limits for lab analysis. Use when accuracy matters and trace impurities could skew results. ≥98%
Synonyms
(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
Storage
Room temperature,Argon charged
Shipped In
Normal
★
Size
Germany (EU)
USA*
Price
Qty
25g
C108896-25g
—
In stock ≥10
€8.59
100g
C108896-100g
—
3 In stock

€11.19

€17.27
Save €6.07 (35.18%)
500g
C108896-500g
3 In stock
3 In stock

€16.40

€30.28
Save €13.88 (45.85%)
12×500g
C108896-12×500g
Made to order · 8–12 wks

€166.52

€249.82
Save €83.30 (33.34%)
Enter a quantity for the sizes you want to add.
🧪
Why this grade

AR, ≥98% AR for sensitive chromatographic and analytical workflows requiring minimal baseline interference.

🌡

Storage & shipping

Room temperature,Argon charged Ships Normal Check lot-specific COA for exact specifications.

📋

Quality documents

SDS, COA, datasheet, and spec sheet available for download. Lot-specific COA accessible via lot number lookup.

📚

Literature proof

Cited in 897 peer-reviewed publications across chromatography, organic synthesis, and cross-coupling reactions.

Overview

Choline Chloride is an acyl group acceptor and choline acetyltransferase substrate.
An acyl group acceptor


application:

Choline chloride helps in providing nourishment for pig feed and poultry feed. It acts as a food flavor enhancer. It is used as a precursor of acetylcholine and is a methyl donor in various metabolic processes and in lipid metabolism.


product description:

Choline chloride is the synthetic form of vitamin B4, choline and is a common poultry feed.

Specifications

Synonyms
(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
Specifications & Purity
AR, ≥98%
Biochemical and Physiological Mechanisms
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) are serum enzymes synthesized by the liver and associated with inflammation. The activity of these two enzymes is reduced in sepsis animal models injected with LPS. Intravenous injection of choline chl
Storage
Room temperature,Argon charged
Shipped In
Normal
Grade
AR
Action Type
AGONIST
Purity
≥98%
Names and Identifiers
Pubchem Sid
Canonical Smiles
C[N+](C)(C)CCO.[Cl-]
IUPAC Name
2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride
InChIKey
SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M
INCHI
1S/C5H14NO.ClH/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7;/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
Isomeric SMILES
C[N+](C)(C)CCO.[Cl-]
WGK Germany
1
RTECS
KH2975000
Molecular Weight
139.62
Beilstein
3563126
Reaxy-Rn
3563126
Reaxys-RN_link_address
https://www.reaxys.com/reaxys/secured/hopinto.do?context=S&query=IDE.XRN=3563126&ln=

Documentation

📋 Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

Comprehensive hazard, handling, storage, and regulatory compliance document.

Download SDS →

✅ Certificate of Analysis (COA)

Lot-specific quality data. Enter your lot number to retrieve the exact COA.

Look up COA →

📊 Datasheet

Quick-reference summary of product specifications and applications.

View datasheet →

🔬 Specification Sheet

Full quality attributes and acceptance criteria for this grade.

View spec sheet →

Advanced Data

Taxonomic Classification

Taxonomy Tree

KingdomOrganic compounds
SuperclassOrganic nitrogen compounds
ClassOrganonitrogen compounds
SubclassQuaternary ammonium salts
Intermediate Tree Nodes Not available
Direct ParentCholines
Alternative Parents Tetraalkylammonium salts  1,2-aminoalcohols  Primary alcohols  Organopnictogen compounds  Organic zwitterions  Organic chloride salts  Hydrocarbon derivatives  
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
Substituents Choline - Tetraalkylammonium salt - 1,2-aminoalcohol - Alkanolamine - Organic oxygen compound - Organopnictogen compound - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organic chloride salt - Organic salt - Organic zwitterion - Primary alcohol - Organooxygen compound - Amine - Alcohol - Aliphatic acyclic compound
DescriptionThis compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cholines. These are organic compounds containing a N,N,N-trimethylethanolammonium cation.
External Descriptors chloride salt - quaternary ammonium salt
3D Structure
Interactive Chemical Structure Model





Associated Targets(Human)
PDE5A Tclin Phosphodiesterase 5A (5113 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
EGFR Tclin Epidermal growth factor receptor erbB1 (33727 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CA2 Tclin Carbonic anhydrase II (17698 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ESR1 Tclin Estrogen receptor alpha (17718 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HMGCR Tclin HMG-CoA reductase (2475 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
NR3C1 Tclin Glucocorticoid receptor (14987 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
INSR Tclin Insulin receptor (5558 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
PGR Tclin Progesterone receptor (8562 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADRB2 Tclin Beta-2 adrenergic receptor (11824 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CHRM2 Tclin Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 (10671 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADRB1 Tclin Beta-1 adrenergic receptor (6630 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HTR1A Tclin Serotonin 1a (5-HT1a) receptor (14969 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADRA2A Tclin Alpha-2a adrenergic receptor (9450 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
AR Tclin Androgen Receptor (11781 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CHRM1 Tclin Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (12690 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ACE Tclin Angiotensin-converting enzyme (1423 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
DRD2 Tclin Dopamine D2 receptor (23596 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
MAOA Tclin Monoamine oxidase A (11911 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CNR1 Tclin Cannabinoid CB1 receptor (20913 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
DRD1 Tclin Dopamine D1 receptor (9720 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
DRD4 Tchem Dopamine D4 receptor (7907 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ACHE Tclin Acetylcholinesterase (18204 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
PTGS1 Tclin Cyclooxygenase-1 (9233 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
SLC6A2 Tclin Norepinephrine transporter (10102 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HRH2 Tclin Histamine H2 receptor (5428 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADRA1D Tclin Alpha-1d adrenergic receptor (4171 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HTR1B Tclin Serotonin 1b (5-HT1b) receptor (2801 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HTR2A Tclin Serotonin 2a (5-HT2a) receptor (14758 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HTR2C Tclin Serotonin 2c (5-HT2c) receptor (11471 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADORA1 Tclin Adenosine A1 receptor (17603 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CALCR Tclin Calcitonin receptor (2215 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
SLC6A4 Tclin Serotonin transporter (12625 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADRA1A Tclin Alpha-1a adrenergic receptor (8359 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
PTGS2 Tclin Cyclooxygenase-2 (13999 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HRH1 Tclin Histamine H1 receptor (7573 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADRA1B Tclin Alpha-1b adrenergic receptor (2912 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
OPRM1 Tclin Mu opioid receptor (19785 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
DRD3 Tclin Dopamine D3 receptor (14368 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
AVPR1A Tclin Vasopressin V1a receptor (5412 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
OPRD1 Tclin Delta opioid receptor (15096 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
OPRK1 Tclin Kappa opioid receptor (16155 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
SLC6A3 Tclin Dopamine transporter (10535 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
KCNH2 Tclin HERG (29587 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
HTR4 Tclin Serotonin 4 (5-HT4) receptor (2068 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ESR2 Tclin Estrogen receptor beta (9272 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CYSLTR1 Tclin Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (2118 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ERBB2 Tclin Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase erbB-2 (7851 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CHRM4 Tclin Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 (6041 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
CHRM5 Tclin Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 (4677 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
ADRA2B Tclin Alpha-2b adrenergic receptor (4412 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Associated Targets(non-human)
Agtr2 Angiotensin II type 2 (AT-2) receptor (803 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Mc4r Melanocortin receptor 4 (1205 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Ltc4s Leukotriene C4 synthase (1 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Sigmar1 Sigma opioid receptor (160 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Npy1r Neuropeptide Y receptor type 1 (8 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Cckar Cholecystokinin A receptor (90 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Nos2 Nitric oxide synthase, inducible (3573 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Mapk1 MAP kinase ERK2 (650 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Mmp9 Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (38 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Slc5a7 Choline transporter (45 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Artemia (698 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Rattus norvegicus (775804 Activities)
Activity TypeRelationActivity valueUnitsAction TypeJournalPubMed IddoiAssay Aladdin ID
Mechanisms of Action
Certificates(CoA,COO,BSE/TSE and Analysis Chart)
C of A & Other Certificates(BSE/TSE, COO):
Analytical Chart:

Find and download the COA for your product by matching the lot number on the packaging.

103 results found

Lot NumberCertificate TypeDateItem
I2607238Certificate of AnalysisAug 25, 2026 C108896
I2607361Certificate of AnalysisAug 25, 2026 C108896
I2607362Certificate of AnalysisAug 25, 2026 C108896
I2607465Certificate of AnalysisAug 25, 2026 C108896
I2607496Certificate of AnalysisAug 25, 2026 C108896
F2622221Certificate of AnalysisJun 09, 2026 C108896
F2622223Certificate of AnalysisJun 09, 2026 C108896
F2622224Certificate of AnalysisJun 09, 2026 C108896
F2622225Certificate of AnalysisJun 09, 2026 C108896
G2609295Certificate of AnalysisJun 09, 2026 C108896
G2609296Certificate of AnalysisJun 09, 2026 C108896
G2609297Certificate of AnalysisJun 09, 2026 C108896
G2609298Certificate of AnalysisJun 09, 2026 C108896
G2609299Certificate of AnalysisJun 09, 2026 C108896
D2629037Certificate of AnalysisApr 17, 2026 C108896
D2629038Certificate of AnalysisApr 17, 2026 C108896
D2629039Certificate of AnalysisApr 17, 2026 C108896
D2629040Certificate of AnalysisApr 17, 2026 C108896
D2629042Certificate of AnalysisApr 17, 2026 C108896
A2606196Certificate of AnalysisDec 24, 2025 C108896
A2606197Certificate of AnalysisDec 24, 2025 C108896
A2623339Certificate of AnalysisDec 24, 2025 C108896
A2623340Certificate of AnalysisDec 24, 2025 C108896
A2623341Certificate of AnalysisDec 24, 2025 C108896
B2603263Certificate of AnalysisDec 24, 2025 C108896
B2603319Certificate of AnalysisDec 24, 2025 C108896
B2603320Certificate of AnalysisDec 24, 2025 C108896
B2603321Certificate of AnalysisDec 24, 2025 C108896
I2518183Certificate of AnalysisAug 30, 2025 C108896
I2518184Certificate of AnalysisAug 30, 2025 C108896
I2518322Certificate of AnalysisAug 30, 2025 C108896
I2518793Certificate of AnalysisAug 30, 2025 C108896
I2518794Certificate of AnalysisAug 30, 2025 C108896
I2505300Certificate of AnalysisAug 14, 2025 C108896
F2520246Certificate of AnalysisMay 28, 2025 C108896
F2520248Certificate of AnalysisMay 28, 2025 C108896
F2520320Certificate of AnalysisMay 28, 2025 C108896
F2520321Certificate of AnalysisMay 28, 2025 C108896
F2520350Certificate of AnalysisMay 28, 2025 C108896
D2528106Certificate of AnalysisApr 10, 2025 C108896
D2528108Certificate of AnalysisApr 10, 2025 C108896
D2528112Certificate of AnalysisApr 10, 2025 C108896
D2528127Certificate of AnalysisApr 10, 2025 C108896
A2521106Certificate of AnalysisDec 27, 2024 C108896
A2521110Certificate of AnalysisDec 27, 2024 C108896
A2521115Certificate of AnalysisDec 27, 2024 C108896
A2521116Certificate of AnalysisDec 27, 2024 C108896
C2517003Certificate of AnalysisDec 27, 2024 C108896
C2517007Certificate of AnalysisDec 27, 2024 C108896
C2517009Certificate of AnalysisDec 27, 2024 C108896
C2517010Certificate of AnalysisDec 27, 2024 C108896
C2517060Certificate of AnalysisDec 27, 2024 C108896
K2420375Certificate of AnalysisNov 09, 2024 C108896
K2420433Certificate of AnalysisNov 09, 2024 C108896
K2420502Certificate of AnalysisNov 09, 2024 C108896
K2420561Certificate of AnalysisNov 09, 2024 C108896
K2420645Certificate of AnalysisNov 09, 2024 C108896
J2415723Certificate of AnalysisSep 27, 2024 C108896
J2415727Certificate of AnalysisSep 27, 2024 C108896
J2415728Certificate of AnalysisSep 27, 2024 C108896
J2415733Certificate of AnalysisSep 27, 2024 C108896
G2426154Certificate of AnalysisJul 15, 2024 C108896
G2426155Certificate of AnalysisJul 15, 2024 C108896
G2426156Certificate of AnalysisJul 15, 2024 C108896
G2426157Certificate of AnalysisJul 15, 2024 C108896
G2426158Certificate of AnalysisJul 15, 2024 C108896
E2417133Certificate of AnalysisApr 29, 2024 C108896
E2417134Certificate of AnalysisApr 29, 2024 C108896
E2417215Certificate of AnalysisApr 29, 2024 C108896
C2407192Certificate of AnalysisFeb 24, 2024 C108896
C2407319Certificate of AnalysisFeb 24, 2024 C108896
C2407321Certificate of AnalysisFeb 24, 2024 C108896
B2418235Certificate of AnalysisJan 23, 2024 C108896
B2418236Certificate of AnalysisJan 23, 2024 C108896
B2418237Certificate of AnalysisJan 23, 2024 C108896
B2418238Certificate of AnalysisJan 23, 2024 C108896
L2311353Certificate of AnalysisDec 04, 2023 C108896
L2311354Certificate of AnalysisDec 04, 2023 C108896
L2311355Certificate of AnalysisDec 04, 2023 C108896
L2311375Certificate of AnalysisDec 04, 2023 C108896
L2311376Certificate of AnalysisDec 04, 2023 C108896
K2310243Certificate of AnalysisNov 02, 2023 C108896
K2310244Certificate of AnalysisNov 02, 2023 C108896
K2310245Certificate of AnalysisNov 02, 2023 C108896
F2312062Certificate of AnalysisMay 15, 2023 C108896
F2312063Certificate of AnalysisMay 15, 2023 C108896
F2312065Certificate of AnalysisMay 15, 2023 C108896
F2312068Certificate of AnalysisMay 15, 2023 C108896
D2308831Certificate of AnalysisMar 25, 2023 C108896
D2308832Certificate of AnalysisMar 25, 2023 C108896
D2308833Certificate of AnalysisMar 25, 2023 C108896
K2230176Certificate of AnalysisOct 25, 2022 C108896
K2230177Certificate of AnalysisOct 25, 2022 C108896
K2230178Certificate of AnalysisOct 25, 2022 C108896
K2230180Certificate of AnalysisOct 25, 2022 C108896
F2205152Certificate of AnalysisMar 21, 2022 C108896
F2205153Certificate of AnalysisMar 21, 2022 C108896
F2205156Certificate of AnalysisMar 21, 2022 C108896
B2215270Certificate of AnalysisDec 18, 2021 C108896
B2215271Certificate of AnalysisDec 18, 2021 C108896
B2215274Certificate of AnalysisDec 18, 2021 C108896
B2215275Certificate of AnalysisDec 18, 2021 C108896
B2215278Certificate of AnalysisDec 18, 2021 C108896
Chemical and Physical Properties
SolubilitySoluble in water (500 mg/ml), alcohol, ethanol (28 mg/ml at 25 °C), DMSO (28 mg/ml at 25 °C), and methanol.
Sensitivitymoisture sensitive
x_melt_point_char302-305°C
Molecular Weight139.620 g/mol
XLogP3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count2
Rotatable Bond Count2
Exact Mass139.076 Da
Monoisotopic Mass139.076 Da
Topological Polar Surface Area20.200 Ų
Heavy Atom Count8
Formal Charge0
Complexity46.500
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
The total count of all stereochemical bonds0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count2
FAQs and Articles
Frequently asked Questions about inhibitors and antagonists related products(FAQ)
Targeted drug discovery: scarce and inefficient, what is the geometry of its effectiveness?
Choline peroxydisulfate (ChPS)
What Are Ionic Liquids? Core Concepts, Application Map, and a Selection Workflow (with a Summary Table of Representative Aladdin Product Categories)
Methionine: Biological Roles and Key Points for Research Application
Progress in Research on the S-Adenosylmethionine Cycle and Regulatory Mechanisms of Methyltransfer Reactions
Choline Metabolism and Detection Methods: Pathway Analysis of Choline, Phosphatidylcholine, Betaine, Acetylcholine, and TMAO
Mechanistic Basis of Acetyl Hexapeptide-8 in the Management of Expression Lines: SNARE Complex Interference, Constraints on Percutaneous Delivery, and Combination Strategies
Citations of This Product
Solution Calculators
Reviews

Customer Reviews

Need help choosing the grade?

Our grade selection guide covers purity, stabilizer status, and application suitability for all variants in our catalog.

View AR grade guide →

Shall we send you a message when we have discounts available?

Remind me later

Thank you! Please check your email inbox to confirm.

Oops! Notifications are disabled.