Autophagy is an essential lysosome-dependent quality-control process through which cells degrade and recycle intracellular material. Based on how substrates enter degradative compartments, autophagy is primarily classified into macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. ...
Mitophagy is a quality-control process that selectively recognizes and removes damaged, dysfunctional, or physiologically designated mitochondria. Its core processes include damage sensing, selective labeling, autophagic membrane sequestration, and lysosomal degradation. The PINK1–Parkin ...
Mitochondrial functional disturbance can activate a series of stress signals to restore energy metabolism, protein homeostasis, and redox balance. Decreased membrane potential, impaired respiratory chain function, defective protein import, or abnormal mitochondrial proteostasis can induce ...
Autophagy is a cellular quality control system that delivers cytoplasmic components, damaged organelles, protein aggregates, or intracellular pathogens to lysosomes for degradation. Its core significance is not simply “increased degradation,” but rather the maintenance of cellular ...
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