Lagosin - ≥95% , CAS No.6834-98-6

CAS: 6834-98-6 Cat. No.: L646218 Formula: C35H58O12 Molecular Weight: 670.83 EC Number: 229-913-4 PubChem CID: 5282200
AVAILABLE TO ORDER
GRADE & PURITY ≥95%
Synonyms
Oxacyclooctacosa-17,19,21,23,25-pentaen-2-one, 4,6,8,10,12,14,15,16,27-nonahydroxy-3-[(1R)-1-hydroxyhexyl]-17,28-dimethyl-,(3R,4S,6S,8S,10R,12R,14R,15R,16R,17E,19E,21E,23E,25E,27S,28R)- | S-232 | Pentamycin | CHEBI:31639 | Antibiotic A 246 | EINECS 229-91
Storage
Protected from light,Store at -80°C
Shipped In
Dry ice packs + Cold packs
★
Size
Germany (EU)
USA*
Price
Qty
1mg
L646218-1mg
Made to order · 8–12 wks
€556.13
5mg
L646218-5mg
Made to order · 8–12 wks
€1,389.16
10mg
L646218-10mg
Made to order · 8–12 wks
€2,222.19
Enter a quantity for the sizes you want to add.
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Why this grade

≥95% for sensitive chromatographic and analytical workflows requiring minimal baseline interference.

🌡

Storage & shipping

Protected from light,Store at -80°C Ships Dry ice packs + Cold packs Check lot-specific COA for exact specifications.

📋

Quality documents

SDS, COA, datasheet, and spec sheet available for download. Lot-specific COA accessible via lot number lookup.

📚

Literature proof

Cited in 0 peer-reviewed publications across chromatography, organic synthesis, and cross-coupling reactions.

Overview

Lagosin (Fungichromin) is a polyene macrolide antibiotic . Lagosin has demonstrated broad-spectrum antifungal activity and is impervious to agent resistance

In Vitro

Lagosin production by Streptomyces sp. WP-1, an endophyte from Pinus dabeshanensis, and its antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum. MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Form:Solid

IC50& Target:Macrolide

Specifications

Synonyms
Oxacyclooctacosa-17,19,21,23,25-pentaen-2-one, 4,6,8,10,12,14,15,16,27-nonahydroxy-3-[(1R)-1-hydroxyhexyl]-17,28-dimethyl-,(3R,4S,6S,8S,10R,12R,14R,15R,16R,17E,19E,21E,23E,25E,27S,28R)- | S-232 | Pentamycin | CHEBI:31639 | Antibiotic A 246 | EINECS 229-91
Specifications & Purity
≥95%
Biochemical and Physiological Mechanisms
Lagosin (Fungichromin) is a polyene macrolide antibiotic . Lagosin has demonstrated broad-spectrum antifungal activity and is impervious to agent resistance.
Storage
Protected from light,Store at -80°C
Shipped In
Dry ice packs + Cold packs
This product requires cold chain shipping. Ground and other economy services are not available.
Action Type
INHIBITOR
Purity
≥95%
Names and Identifiers
Canonical Smiles
CCCCCC(C1C(CC(CC(CC(CC(CC(C(C(C(=CC=CC=CC=CC=CC(C(OC1=O)C)O)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O
IUPAC Name
(3R,4S,6S,8S,10R,12R,14R,15R,16R,17E,19E,21E,23E,25E,27S,28R)-4,6,8,10,12,14,15,16,27-nonahydroxy-3-[(1R)-1-hydroxyhexyl]-17,28-dimethyl-1-oxacyclooctacosa-17,19,21,23,25-pentaen-2-one
InChIKey
AGJUUQSLGVCRQA-SWOUQTJZSA-N
INCHI
1S/C35H58O12/c1-4-5-11-16-29(41)32-30(42)20-26(38)18-24(36)17-25(37)19-27(39)21-31(43)34(45)33(44)22(2)14-12-9-7-6-8-10-13-15-28(40)23(3)47-35(32)46/h6-10,12-15,23-34,36-45H,4-5,11,16-21H2,1-3H3/b7-6+,10-8+,12-9+,15-13+,22-14+/t23-,24+,25-,26+,27-,28+,29-,30+,31-,32-,33-,34-/m1/s1
Isomeric SMILES
CCCCC[C@H]([C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@H](C[C@H](C[C@H](C[C@H](C[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](/C(=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H](OC1=O)C)O)/C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O
Alternate CAS
6834-98-6
PubChem CID
5282200
MeSH Entry Terms
cogomycin;fungichromin;lagosin;NSC-277813;pentamycin
Molecular Weight
670.83

Documentation

📋 Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

Comprehensive hazard, handling, storage, and regulatory compliance document.

Download SDS →

✅ Certificate of Analysis (COA)

Lot-specific quality data. Enter your lot number to retrieve the exact COA.

Look up COA →

📊 Datasheet

Quick-reference summary of product specifications and applications.

View datasheet →

🔬 Specification Sheet

Full quality attributes and acceptance criteria for this grade.

View spec sheet →

Advanced Data

Taxonomic Classification

Taxonomy Tree

KingdomOrganic compounds
SuperclassPhenylpropanoids and polyketides
ClassMacrolides and analogues
SubclassNot available
Intermediate Tree Nodes Not available
Direct ParentMacrolides and analogues
Alternative Parents Fatty alcohols  Secondary alcohols  Lactones  Carboxylic acid esters  Polyols  Oxacyclic compounds  Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives  Organic oxides  Hydrocarbon derivatives  Carbonyl compounds  
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
Substituents Macrolide - Fatty alcohol - Fatty acyl - Carboxylic acid ester - Lactone - Secondary alcohol - Polyol - Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives - Carboxylic acid derivative - Organoheterocyclic compound - Oxacycle - Carbonyl group - Organooxygen compound - Organic oxide - Organic oxygen compound - Alcohol - Hydrocarbon derivative - Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
DescriptionThis compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as macrolides and analogues. These are organic compounds containing a lactone ring of at least twelve members.
External Descriptors antibiotic antifungal drug - macrolide
3D Structure
Interactive Chemical Structure Model





Mechanisms of Action
Certificates(CoA,COO,BSE/TSE and Analysis Chart)
C of A & Other Certificates(BSE/TSE, COO):
Analytical Chart:
Chemical and Physical Properties
SolubilityDMSO : 50 mg/mL (74.53 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)
Molecular Weight670.800 g/mol
XLogP32.200
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count10
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count12
Rotatable Bond Count5
Exact Mass670.393 Da
Monoisotopic Mass670.393 Da
Topological Polar Surface Area229.000 Ų
Heavy Atom Count47
Formal Charge0
Complexity1020.000
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count12
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count5
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
The total count of all stereochemical bonds5
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count1
Solution Calculators
Reviews

Customer Reviews

Application Protocols

No tested applications or protocols are provided in the Product Data for Lagosin.

General small-molecule/bioprobe handling protocol (research use only):

  • Receipt: Item is shipped on dry ice + cold packs. Upon arrival, verify package integrity, minimize exposure to ambient conditions, and transfer immediately to −80°C in light-protected secondary containment.
  • Aliquoting: In a cold room or on dry ice, aliquot into amber vials or low-bind tubes to create single-use portions. Label with lot, concentration (once prepared), and date.
  • Stock solution: Determine a compatible solvent by a small-scale solubility screen (e.g., DMSO, water/PBS). Prepare a concentrated stock, mix gently to avoid foaming, and, if needed, sterile-filter (0.22 μm) into pre-chilled amber vials.
  • Working solutions: Dilute immediately before use into assay buffer or media, maintaining final organic solvent at minimal levels (e.g., ≤0.5–1% v/v) to limit matrix effects.
  • Controls: Include vehicle controls, positive/negative controls where appropriate, and monitor for precipitation or adsorption to plastics (use low-bind consumables if necessary).

Document all preparation conditions (temperature, light exposure, pH, time) to support reproducibility and stability tracking.

Biological Roles
  • Item-specific biological function, targets, and pathway involvement: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and primary literature associated with the verified CAS number.

General guidance for researchers (non-clinical, research-only):

  • If Lagosin is used as a bioactive probe, first confirm identity and purity. Perform concentration–response studies with appropriate vehicle controls, time-course assessments, and replicate measurements to assess potency and kinetics.
  • Evaluate assay interference potential (e.g., intrinsic fluorescence/absorbance, redox activity, aggregation) using counter-screens and orthogonal readouts.
  • If used in cell culture, determine cytotoxicity windows independently (e.g., using MTT/CellTiter-type assays) and monitor for solvent effects at final working concentrations.
  • For biochemical assays, establish buffer composition and cofactors to avoid denaturation or nonspecific binding; evaluate protein-binding and stability in assay media.

All uses are strictly for research; no medical, diagnostic, or therapeutic claims are made or implied. Consult the SDS for safety and the CoA/Spec Sheet for material-specific details.

Buffer Applications

Item-specific buffer compatibility and pH range are not provided for Lagosin.

General buffer guidance (research use):

  • Selection: Start with neutral buffers (PBS, HEPES, Tris at pH 7.2–7.5) to test solubility and stability. If solubility is limited, explore mild pH adjustments (pH 6.0–8.5) while monitoring integrity by LC–MS or HPLC.
  • Ionic strength: Begin with 50–150 mM salt (e.g., NaCl) to mimic physiological conditions if working in biological assays; adjust as dictated by assay requirements.
  • Additives: If permitted, small percentages of co-solvent (≤0.5–1% DMSO or ethanol), 0.01% nonionic surfactant (Tween-20), or 5–10% glycerol can enhance solubility/stability. Verify no interference with assay readouts.
  • Filtration and sterility: Filter through 0.22 μm (PES or PVDF) and use sterile technique for any cell-based work. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw of buffered solutions—prepare single-use aliquots.
  • Light sensitivity: Use amber vials and minimize light exposure during preparation and storage, consistent with Product Data.

Because composition-specific data are not available for this item, confirm stability and activity empirically in your chosen buffer system.

Green Alternatives

Without confirmed identity and solvent requirements for Lagosin, green chemistry considerations focus on general principles of solvent and waste selection during handling and use.

Greener handling strategies (general guidance):

  • Prefer water-based systems when feasible: If the compound tolerates aqueous media, use buffered aqueous solutions and minimize reliance on high-toxicity organics.
  • If organic solvents are required: Select lower-hazard options first (e.g., ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate) before moving to higher-risk solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, DMF, NMP). Validate compound stability.
  • High-boiling polar aprotics: Consider Cyrene or propylene carbonate as potential greener substitutes for DMF/DMSO in certain contexts; verify solubility and reactivity compatibility.
  • Solvent minimization: Prepare concentrated stocks to reduce total solvent volume; dispense via positive-displacement pipettes to minimize waste and exposure.
  • Energy and stability: Product must be stored at −80°C and protected from light. To reduce energy-intensive cycling, aliquot into single-use vials to avoid repeated freezer door openings and freeze–thaw.

Illustrative comparison (general; not item-specific):

  • DMSO vs 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF): DMSO is excellent for solubilizing many bioactives but is persistent; 2-MeTHF is a greener ether for some syntheses but may not be suitable for biological stock solutions. Choose based on application and stability.

Always prioritize method changes that do not compromise data quality or compound integrity.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No pharmacopeial status, excipient role, or formulation usage is provided in the Product Data for Lagosin. This product is offered strictly for research use only and is not intended for human or veterinary applications.

General considerations (formulation research context only):

  • If the compound is investigated as a research tool in preformulation studies, characterize solubility (aqueous and biorelevant media), pKa/logD (if known), and stability (thermal, photolytic, oxidative) before designing prototype formulations.
  • Explore enabling approaches only in a research setting: cosolvent systems, cyclodextrin inclusion complexes, lipid-based carriers, or amorphous dispersions. Confirm compatibility and absence of degradants by LC–MS.
  • Do not extrapolate research observations to clinical use. No claims of safety, efficacy, dosage, or therapeutic application are made or implied by this listing.
Physical Properties

Item-specific physicochemical specifications are not provided in the Product Data for Lagosin (SKU: L646218).

  • Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Melting point / boiling point: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Density, refractive index: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Aqueous/organic solubility: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • logP/logD, pKa: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • UV–vis characteristics (λmax, cutoff): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General guidance (literature/practice, not item-specific):

  • If Lagosin is a small-molecule research reagent, preliminary solubility screening can be performed in dry DMSO (10–50 mg/mL) and water/buffer (1–10 mg/mL), followed by co-solvent systems (e.g., DMSO→buffer dilution, or MeOH/EtOH/PEG400 mixtures) while monitoring for precipitation.
  • For peptide/protein-like materials, begin with water, PBS, or mild basic buffers; consider adding small amounts of arginine, glycerol, or mild detergents for stubborn solubility, and verify integrity by LC–MS.
  • Record pH, temperature, and concentration at which clear solutions form; filter through 0.22 μm if sterility is needed.

Always consult the CoA/Spec Sheet and SDS for definitive item-specific values and handling constraints.

Quality and Grades
  • Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Interpretation and implications (general guidance):

  • When no explicit grade is listed, the item is supplied as a research reagent. Purity, residual solvent, water content, and assay method should be verified on the CoA.
  • If the product is used in bioassays, consider additional in-house qualification: identity (LC–HRMS), purity by orthogonal HPLC methods (UV and ELSD/CAD), endotoxin (if required for cell-based work), and residual solvent screening if relevant to your application.
  • Low-UV or HPLC grade designations (if present on CoA) indicate suitability for analytical chromatography due to low background absorbance/fluorescence; absence of such a designation suggests validating mobile phase/background independently.
  • Stabilizers: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. If a stabilizer is present, understand its potential assay interferences and remove by desalting or chromatography as needed.

Documentation to review prior to use:

  • Certificate of Analysis (lot-specific identity, purity, residuals, water/volatiles, and storage).
  • Specification sheet (target ranges, acceptance criteria).
  • Safety Data Sheet (hazards, incompatibilities, first aid, disposal).
Reaction and Applications

No specific synthetic or application notes are provided for Lagosin in the Product Data. Depending on the confirmed identity, usage may fall into one of two broad categories:

  • As a bioactive research reagent: Typically used in biochemical, cellular, or molecular biology assays. In this case, focus on preparing accurate stock solutions, conducting concentration–response experiments, and including appropriate controls (vehicle, positive, and negative). Assess stability under assay conditions (time, temperature, light) and minimize freeze–thaw cycles.

  • As a synthetic building block/intermediate: If the compound is intended for chemical synthesis, consult the CoA/Spec Sheet to identify functional groups and reactivity. Establish moisture/oxygen sensitivity, select appropriate dry solvents and inert atmosphere techniques, and reference literature protocols aligned to the verified CAS entry.

Practical tips (general):

  • Verify identity by LC–MS/NMR prior to critical experiments.
  • Establish solubility limits and avoid overshooting to prevent colloid formation or assay artifacts.
  • If chromatographic purification is required, develop orthogonal methods (reverse phase and normal phase) and monitor with MS and UV.

Because key identifiers are incomplete in the Product Data, any reaction-specific recommendations should be based on literature for the verified structure and not inferred from the current listing.

Reaction Conditions

No reaction condition guidance is provided for this item because the structure and functional groups are not specified in the Product Data.

General guidance if Lagosin is used in synthesis (after identity confirmation):

  • Solvent: Select based on solubility and reactivity of functional groups (e.g., MeCN, THF, toluene, DMF/DMSO, alcohols) and validate with small-scale trials.
  • Temperature: Begin at ambient temperature; escalate cautiously (0–80°C) while monitoring for decomposition. Protect from light if the compound is photosensitive (per Product Data).
  • Atmosphere: Use inert gas (N2/Ar) if there is potential for oxidation or hydrolysis.
  • Catalysts/reagents: Choose literature-supported systems for the verified functional group set and test with TLC/LC–MS tracking. Run controls to rule out solvent/catalyst-induced side reactions.
  • Workup/purification: Plan quench conditions that preserve sensitive motifs; consider solid-phase extraction or reverse-phase chromatography when aqueous compatibility permits.

Because item-specific stability, kinetics, and yield expectations are unknown, consult peer-reviewed procedures corresponding to the confirmed structure before scale-up.

Safety and Handling

Hazard and classification data are not provided in the Product Data for this item.

  • GHS classification, signal word, hazard statements, pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
  • Intended use: For research use only (not for diagnostic, clinical, or therapeutic use).

General laboratory precautions (defer to SDS for authoritative guidance):

  • PPE: Wear lab coat, gloves appropriate to the solvent system, and safety glasses or face shield. Handle powders/lyophilizates in a fume hood or containment to minimize inhalation.
  • Incompatibilities: Unknown for this item; until known, avoid strong oxidizers/reducers, strong acids/bases, and reactive metals. Segregate from foodstuffs and avoid contact with skin/eyes.
  • Light/temperature sensitivity: Product should be protected from light and stored at −80°C (per Product Data). Handle rapidly on ice or cold blocks to reduce degradation.
  • Hygiene: Avoid ingestion and inhalation; wash thoroughly after handling. Prevent environmental release—collect all waste for proper disposal.

First-aid overview (consult SDS):

  • Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms occur.
  • Skin/eye contact: Rinse with water for at least 15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical attention as needed.
  • Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; obtain medical attention.

Spill/leak response:

  • Small quantities: Absorb with inert material, transfer to a suitable waste container, and clean area with compatible solvent.
  • Decontamination: Follow institutional chemical hygiene plans; dispose according to local regulations.
Solvent Selection

Item-specific solubility is not provided. Use a structured solubility screen while protecting from light and keeping samples cold to minimize degradation.

Practical solubility workflow (general guidance):

  • Step 1: Test dry DMSO at room temperature and 4°C (1–50 mg/mL). If soluble, prepare a concentrated stock and dilute into assay buffer immediately before use to minimize precipitation.
  • Step 2: Test water/PBS (pH 7.2–7.4) and adjust pH cautiously (pH 6–9) to explore ionization-enhanced solubility. Avoid extreme pH unless stability is verified.
  • Step 3: If needed, try co-solvent systems (e.g., DMSO→buffer dilution to ≤0.5–1% v/v DMSO in the final assay), or miscible organics such as MeOH, EtOH, isopropanol in small percentages.
  • Step 4: For hydrophobic analytes, consider PEG400 or cyclodextrin complexation; for peptides, consider gentle warming (≤30°C) and arginine or mild detergents (e.g., 0.01% Tween-20) if compatible.

Notes on selection:

  • Polarity class and dielectric constant: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and literature once identity is confirmed.
  • Filtration: If sterility is required, filter stock (0.22 μm PES/PTFE) after dissolution; verify no adsorption losses for low-abundance materials.
  • Light sensitivity: Use amber vials and shield from ambient/UV sources during preparation and storage.

Always perform a small-scale compatibility test with your assay matrix to rule out precipitation or interference.

Storage and Reconstitution

Storage conditions (item-specific):

  • Store at −80°C, protected from light (per Product Data).
  • Shipped on dry ice packs + cold packs to maintain low temperature during transit.

General best practices:

  • Upon receipt: Keep package closed and cold. Transfer immediately to a −80°C freezer. Avoid repeated warming/cooling.
  • Aliquoting: In a chilled environment (on dry ice/ice bath), partition into single-use amber vials or low-bind microtubes to prevent multiple freeze–thaw cycles. Flush headspace with inert gas if oxidative sensitivity is suspected.
  • Light protection: Use amber glass or foil-wrapped containers. Minimize exposure to ambient and UV light during handling.
  • Reconstitution: Solvent and concentration are not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. Perform a small-scale solubility test (e.g., DMSO, water/PBS) at low temperature if feasible. Mix gently; avoid vigorous vortexing if foaming/denaturation is a risk for biomolecules. If sterility is required, filter through 0.22 μm into pre-chilled amber vials.
  • Working solution stability: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. Prepare fresh immediately before use when possible.
  • Freeze–thaw: Avoid. If unavoidable, limit to a single cycle and document any observed changes (color, clarity, assay response).
  • Disposal: Follow institutional and local regulations. Treat all unused material and solutions as chemical waste.

Any item-specific shelf-life, impurity limits, or stabilizers: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Structure and Identity

Overview: The catalog entry “Lagosin” (SKU: L646218) is supplied for research use; detailed structural characterization is not provided in the Product Data.

  • CAS: 6834-98-6 (as provided; verify against CoA/Spec Sheet for confirmation)
  • CID: 5282200 (as provided; verify against CoA/Spec Sheet for confirmation)
  • InChIKey: 4843 (as provided; appears incomplete; verify on CoA/Spec Sheet)
  • SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Structural features (general guidance):

  • Functional groups, ring systems, stereochemistry, and 2D connectivity are not disclosed in the current Product Data. Users should consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for authoritative identity and confirm by independent analytical methods where appropriate (e.g., 1H/13C NMR, MS, FTIR, HPLC/UPLC, elemental analysis).

Analytical identity verification (general best practices):

  • Purity/identity checks: LC–MS (single dominant ion), high-resolution MS for exact mass, orthogonal HPLC method with UV and/or ELSD detection.
  • Structure confirmation: 1D/2D NMR (COSY/HSQC/HMBC) if sample quantity permits; IR for key functional groups; rotational ROESY/NOESY for stereochemical assessment if relevant.
  • If a bioactive small molecule is expected: compare observed spectra and chromatographic retention with a qualified reference standard and/or literature data associated with the CAS number.

Note: Because structure identifiers are incomplete in the Product Data, do not rely on third-party databases without verifying consistency (CAS ↔ CID ↔ InChIKey) on the CoA/Spec Sheet.

Synthetic Utility

Specific synthetic roles or transformations for Lagosin cannot be outlined because the functional groups and structure are not provided in the Product Data.

General retrosynthetic and reactivity guidance (if used as a building block):

  • Identify core functionality from the CoA/Spec Sheet (e.g., halide, alcohol, amine, carboxylate, heteroaryl) and select reaction manifolds accordingly (e.g., cross-coupling, acylation/alkylation, condensations, cycloadditions).
  • Establish protecting group strategy if the molecule is polyfunctional; assess chemoselectivity using literature precedents tied to the verified CAS.
  • Confirm moisture/oxygen sensitivity and adopt inert-atmosphere handling if required. Dry solvents and bases as needed; monitor reactions by LC–MS for rapid decision-making.

Until the structure is confirmed, avoid assuming reactivity or planning multi-step routes; rely on verified analytical data and authoritative literature for the specific compound that corresponds to the confirmed identifiers.

Target Specificity

No target, epitope, clone, isotype, or species reactivity information is provided for this item. The product does not include antibody- or protein-specific data in the current listing.

  • Target name: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Species reactivity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Validation data: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

If Lagosin is intended as a biochemical probe, conduct independent target validation using orthogonal assays (e.g., enzymatic activity, binding assays, biophysical methods) after confirming identity and purity.

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