This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dipeptides. These are organic compounds containing a sequence of exactly two alpha-amino acids joined by a peptide bond.
External Descriptors
Not available
1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.
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Application Protocols
No tested applications, recommended dilutions, or validated protocols are provided in the Product Data for SKU M650993. Accordingly, Aladdin Scientific does not supply item-specific application instructions for this product.
Guidance:
Develop and validate your own protocols appropriate to your assay format, cell type, or biochemical system.
Use matched vehicle controls and perform concentration–response and time-course experiments to identify conditions suitable for your objectives.
For any lot-specific procedural notes, please consult the CoA/SDS or contact Technical Support.
Biological Roles
Biological context (literature; not item-specific claims):
Tool compound for the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS): MG-262 is commonly used to inhibit the chymotrypsin-like activity of the 26S proteasome, leading to accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins.
Cellular processes affected: Protein quality control, ER-associated degradation (ERAD), antigen processing, and turnover of short-lived regulatory proteins.
Signaling consequences: Stabilization of IκB and other labile factors has been used in studies to modulate NF‑κB pathway activation, heat-shock response, and unfolded protein response (UPR). These are mechanistic insights from basic research and should not be interpreted as therapeutic claims.
Experimental systems: Employed in cell culture (mammalian, yeast extracts) and cell-free proteasome activity assays to benchmark proteasome inhibition or to compare with other inhibitors (e.g., peptide aldehydes or boronates; literature context).
Good practices for biological experiments (general):
Include time-course and concentration-response designs to separate primary proteasome effects from downstream stress responses.
Verify on-target activity using orthogonal readouts: accumulation of ubiquitinated species (immunoblot), fluorogenic peptide substrates in lysates, or rescue by washout/antagonists.
Control for cytotoxicity using viability assays at matched solvent concentrations.
Important: All uses are for research only. For definitive potency, selectivity, and kinetic mechanism for your lot, consult primary literature and confirm under your assay conditions.
Buffer Applications
This product is a bioactive small molecule, not a buffering agent. It is not typically used to establish or maintain solution pH.
Practical note (general):
When preparing working solutions, use biologically relevant buffers (e.g., PBS, HBSS, or culture media) and add MG-262 from a DMSO stock as the final step to minimize precipitation.
Avoid strongly basic buffers or nucleophile-rich formulations that can promote degradation of peptide-derived electrophiles (general guidance for this compound class).
For pH control needs, consult dedicated buffer systems (e.g., HEPES, MOPS, Tris) appropriate to your assay’s temperature and ionic requirements.
Green Alternatives
Green chemistry considerations for MG-262 focus on solvent choice and experimental design rather than substitution of the active itself (as it is a specific bioactive tool).
Replace high-toxicity solvents: Prefer DMSO or MeCN over DMF/NMP when feasible in analytical/sample prep workflows, considering assay tolerance.
Minimize DMSO carryover: Use the lowest effective DMSO percentage (often ≤0.1–0.2% v/v in cell assays) to reduce solvent burden and environmental load.
Microscale: Perform screens in microplates (96–384 well) to reduce material and solvent use.
Aqueous compatibility: Where possible, dilute into buffered saline or culture media immediately before use to minimize organic solvent volume.
Illustrative comparison (general solvent perspective; not item-specific):
DMSO: High solvency, miscible with water; comparatively benign and recyclable with appropriate systems.
MeCN: Low viscosity, volatile and recoverable; toxicity manageable with ventilation.
DMF/NMP: Powerful but reproductive toxins; avoid when alternatives suffice.
Waste reduction:
Prepare aliquoted stocks to limit freeze–thaw and disposal of degraded material.
Consolidate organic waste streams for proper solvent recovery where infrastructure exists.
Note: There is no direct “green alternative molecule” to MG-262 that preserves identical target engagement; sustainability efforts should focus on solvents, scale, and analytical efficiency.
Pharmaceutical Uses
No pharmaceutical or clinical uses are provided in the Product Data, and this product is sold strictly for research use only.
Reference standard/control: MG-262 is often employed as a positive control for proteasome inhibition in discovery biology and biochemical assay development.
Preclinical tool: Used to benchmark UPS pathway modulation in cells and lysates. Any formulation into dose vehicles for in vivo research must follow institutional oversight and is outside the scope of this catalog listing.
Regulatory/compendial status:
No pharmacopeial monograph or excipient status is indicated for this item.
Important disclaimer: Do not use in humans or animals for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Any mention of formulation strategies in the literature is provided solely to contextualize laboratory research practices and should not be construed as clinical guidance.
Physical Properties
Item-specific physicochemical constants are not disclosed in the Product Data for SKU M650993.
Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Melting point: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Boiling point: Not applicable for typical peptide-like solids; item-specific value not provided.
Density: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Solubility: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
LogP, pKa, refractive index: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
General/literature guidance (for planning only; verify against your item’s specifications):
Many peptide-derived proteasome inhibitors are supplied as off-white to white solids with good solubility in polar aprotic organics (e.g., DMSO) and limited aqueous solubility unless aided by cosolvent or surfactant.
Working stocks are commonly prepared at 1–10 mM in anhydrous DMSO and stored in aliquots to minimize freeze–thaw exposure; aqueous solutions are typically prepared fresh due to potential hydrolysis of electrophilic motifs. These are general practices and not item specifications.
Note: For assay development, determine extinction coefficients, exact solubility limits, and stability in your buffer matrix empirically or from the batch CoA/SDS. Do not extrapolate from literature to regulated work without verification.
Quality and Grades
Item-specific grade/purity for MG-262 (SKU M650993) is not provided in the Product Data.
Grade/purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
How to interpret common grades (general guidance):
Research grade: Suitable for exploratory research and screening. Purity typically established by HPLC/LC–MS; residual solvent and counter-ion content may vary by lot.
≥95% or ≥98% HPLC: Indicates chromatography-based purity assessment; note that assay excludes inorganic residues and water unless specified. Low-level isomers or protecting-group variants may co-elute; verify with orthogonal methods if critical.
Bioactive/tool compound grade: Emphasizes identity and potency reproducibility rather than trace-metal limits. UV cutoff/fluorescence background may matter for imaging/assay contexts but are rarely specified unless HPLC-grade solvent properties are relevant.
Stabilizers and form:
Stabilizer/use of salts: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Counter-ions, solvate/hydrate state, and residual solvent content can impact potency/solubility; consult the CoA for your lot’s assay, water content (e.g., KF), and residual solvents.
Recommendations for qualification:
Request CoA/SDS for the exact lot. Confirm identity by LC–MS and purity by HPLC under your analytical method. If needed, dry under high vacuum at low temperature and re-check mass balance before preparing assay stocks.
Reaction and Applications
This product is primarily a bioactive tool compound rather than a synthetic reagent; classic organic “reaction use” (as reagent, catalyst, or solvent) is not typically applicable.
Application context (general, literature):
Chemical biology tool: MG-262 is widely used to inhibit the 26S proteasome’s catalytic activity in cells and lysates, enabling interrogation of ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) function, protein turnover, and stress responses.
Pathway studies: Employed to stabilize rapidly degraded proteins, probe ER-associated degradation (ERAD), and study transcriptional programs triggered by proteotoxic stress.
Mechanistic angle: Peptide-derived electrophiles form a reversible covalent adduct with the N-terminal threonine at the proteasome’s β subunits (literature), blocking proteolysis of ubiquitinated substrates.
Practical tips (general; verify in your system):
Prepare concentrated DMSO stocks (e.g., 1–10 mM) and add to biological matrices last to minimize precipitation.
Include matched DMSO controls and titrate to identify the minimum effective concentration to avoid off-target effects.
For lysate assays, preincubate compound before substrate addition; in cells, allow sufficient exposure time to observe accumulation of short-lived proteins.
If you intend to use MG-262 in synthetic chemistry: no standard named reactions employ it as a reagent. Consider alternative building blocks or protecting-group variants if your goal is peptide coupling or warhead installation.
Reaction Conditions
Classical synthetic reaction conditions are not applicable because MG-262 is used as a bioactive probe rather than as a reagent or catalyst.
Experimental usage conditions (general, literature guidance for biological studies; not item-specific):
Stock preparation: 1–10 mM in anhydrous DMSO; store aliquots at −20 °C to limit freeze–thaw. Warm and vortex before use to fully dissolve.
Cell-based assays: Typical screening concentrations span low-nanomolar to low-micromolar, with exposure times from 1–24 h depending on cell type and readout. Always include DMSO vehicle controls and titrate to find the minimal effective concentration.
Lysate/biochemical assays: Preincubate inhibitor with lysate or purified proteasome at 25–37 °C before adding fluorogenic substrates; measure chymotrypsin-like activity inhibition kinetics.
Compatibility: Avoid prolonged incubation in strongly basic buffers; prepare aqueous working solutions immediately before use. Protect from light if chromophores are present in your formulation.
Data quality tips:
Confirm on-target inhibition via accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins (immunoblot) and by activity assays with orthogonal substrates.
Assess stability by LC–MS after incubation under your assay conditions to ensure potency is not lost to hydrolysis or adduct formation.
Note: The above are general literature practices and do not constitute item-specific specifications or validated protocols.
Safety and Handling
Safety overview for SKU M650993 (MG-262): item-specific GHS details are not provided in the Product Data. Always consult the product SDS for authoritative information before use.
GHS classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
Signal word / H-statements / pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
General laboratory precautions (good practice for peptide-like bioactive inhibitors):
Engineering controls: Work in a fume hood or ventilated enclosure to avoid inhalation/dermal exposure to fine powders or DMSO solutions.
PPE: Laboratory coat, safety glasses, and chemically resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile). Change gloves frequently when handling DMSO stocks due to enhanced dermal absorption potential of solutes.
Avoid contact with oxidants and strong acids/bases that could degrade peptide-derived electrophiles; keep solutions dry and free of nucleophiles where stability is critical.
Spill/first aid (general): For small spills, absorb with inert material and dispose per institutional guidelines. In case of skin/eye contact, rinse with water for at least 15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing. Seek medical attention if irritation persists. If inhaled, move to fresh air; if ingested, do not induce vomiting—seek medical advice. Follow SDS instructions.
Waste: Collect unused solutions and contaminated materials as organic hazardous waste; do not release to drains.
Special risks and stability:
Many proteasome inhibitors are moisture- and heat-sensitive. Minimize exposure to ambient humidity/temperature; prepare fresh working solutions and store master stocks frozen, protected from light.
Research use only: Not for human or animal diagnostic or therapeutic use.
Solvent Selection
Solvent guidance for preparing and using MG-262 solutions.
Item-specific solubility is not provided in the Product Data. The following is general, literature-based guidance for peptide-like proteasome inhibitors; verify with your own testing or the CoA.
Primary stock solvent (typical, literature): Anhydrous DMSO due to high solvating power for peptide-derived molecules and compatibility with cell-based assays at ≤0.1–0.5% v/v DMSO final.
Cosolvent strategies: For aqueous use, dilute the DMSO stock into buffered media; if precipitation occurs, increase dilution temperature slightly, add non-ionic surfactant (e.g., 0.01–0.1% Tween-20) or include 1–5% co-solvent (MeCN or EtOH) if assay-tolerated.
Avoid: Strongly basic aqueous solutions and nucleophile-rich buffers that can accelerate hydrolysis or adduct formation with electrophilic warheads (general for this compound class).
Polarity/miscibility context (general):
DMSO: Polar aprotic, miscible with water; maximizes solubility and chemical stability for many peptide-like inhibitors.
DMF/MeCN: Useful for analytical injections and method development.
Aqueous buffers: Use only at working concentration, prepared fresh; prolonged storage in water can reduce potency.
Small comparative note (general):
DMSO vs 2‑pyrrolidone or NMP: DMSO is generally preferred for bioassays due to lower cytotoxicity profiles at low % v/v, whereas NMP/2‑pyrrolidone offer high solubility but can be more perturbing to cells.
Always filter sterilize working solutions if sterility is required and confirm absence of precipitate by visual inspection.
Storage and Reconstitution
Storage and logistics (Product Data):
Storage conditions: Store at −20 °C.
Shipped in: Ice chest + ice pads.
Reconstitution (item-specific details not provided):
Solvent, concentration, and stabilizers: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
General good practice for peptide-like bioactive inhibitors (literature-based, not item-specific):
Reconstitution: Prepare concentrated stocks in dry, oxygen-free DMSO. Vortex and, if necessary, sonicate briefly to aid dissolution. Avoid aqueous reconstitution for master stocks due to potential hydrolysis.
Aliquoting: Dispense into single-use aliquots to prevent repeated freeze–thaw. Flush headspace with inert gas if long-term storage is anticipated.
Working solutions: Dilute the DMSO stock into pre-warmed buffer or media immediately before use. Target a final DMSO content typically ≤0.1–0.5% v/v in cell assays, as tolerated.
Stability: Keep protected from moisture and prolonged light/heat exposure. Discard solutions showing precipitation or discoloration; verify stability by LC–MS for critical experiments.
Always defer to the current CoA and SDS for lot-specific stability and handling instructions. Research use only.
Structure and Identity
Brief overview: MG-262 (SKU M650993) is listed as a research-use small molecule. Key registry identifiers are provided below; structural specifics for this catalog item are not disclosed in the Product Data.
CAS: 179324-22-2 (Product Data)
PubChem CID: 490002 (Product Data)
InChIKey: 230293 (Product Data)
SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Structural features (general literature context, not item-specific):
MG-262 is widely described in the literature as a peptide-derived electrophilic proteasome inhibitor used as a chemical biology probe of the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS). Detailed warhead/sidechain configuration and protecting groups vary by source and should be confirmed against the item’s CoA.
Typical 2D depiction (literature) shows a short peptide-like backbone bearing an electrophilic terminus that can form a reversible covalent adduct with the N-terminal threonine of the proteasome’s catalytic subunits. Because multiple isomeric/protecting-group variants exist in publications, do not assume a specific structure without the official specification for this SKU.
Important: Where exact identity parameters (e.g., SMILES, MF, MW) are needed for method development, obtain the current batch CoA/Spec Sheet from Aladdin Scientific to ensure alignment with your qualification and documentation requirements.
Synthetic Utility
MG-262 is supplied as a defined bioactive small molecule and is not typically used as a general-purpose synthetic reagent or building block.
Context (general):
Peptide-derived proteasome inhibitors contain stereodefined residues and an electrophilic terminus optimized for target engagement. Their value lies in biological activity rather than synthetic versatility.
If your objective is to prepare analogs or conjugates, it is generally more efficient to synthesize from protected amino acid building blocks and install the electrophilic warhead at a late stage rather than derivatizing the finished inhibitor.
Analytical development:
While not a reagent, MG-262 can serve as a system-suitability control for LC–MS or bioassays aimed at proteasome activity measurement. Develop gradient methods in water/MeCN with 0.1% FA or appropriate buffers; confirm retention and purity of your lot (general guidance).
Bottom line: Choose MG-262 for its role as a proteasome-targeting probe. For synthetic chemistry applications (e.g., coupling reactions, catalyst development), select standard building blocks and reagents fit for purpose.
Target Specificity
Target specificity information is not provided in the Product Data for SKU M650993.
General literature context (for background only):
MG-262 is commonly described as a proteasome inhibitor affecting the catalytic β subunits of the 20S core particle. However, specific isoform selectivity, kinetic parameters, and off-target profiles vary by study and are not specified for this catalog item.
For experimental work requiring target validation:
Consult primary literature pertinent to your model system.
Confirm target engagement empirically (e.g., activity assays, competitive binding, or chemoproteomics) with your lot of material.
For definitive, lot-specific target data, refer to the product CoA or contact Aladdin Scientific Technical Support.
Frequently Asked Questions
How should this product be stored?
Store at ?20 °C. Freezer storage is required to maintain the specified shelf life.
How is this product shipped?
This product ships in an insulated container with ice pads. Unpack on arrival and transfer it to the storage condition stated above.
What are the CAS number, molecular formula and molecular weight?
The CAS Number is 179324-22-2, the molecular formula is C26H42BN3O7, and the molecular weight is 519.45 g/mol. InChIKey MWKOOGAFELWOCD-FKBYEOEOSA-N.
What documentation is provided?
Available product documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (COA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and specification sheets, is shown in the product document area. Document availability and access follow the current site policy.
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