YSFKPMPLaR, Agonist of C3a receptor;Agonist of C5a 1 receptor, CAS No.rp175429, Agonist of C3a receptor;Agonist of C5a 1 receptor

CAS: rp175429 Cat. No.: rp175429

GRADE & PURITY Moligand™

Specifications

Product Name

YSFKPMPLaR, Agonist of C3a receptor;Agonist of C5a 1 receptor, CAS No.rp175429

Synonyms

C5a₆₅₋₇₄Y65,F67,P69,P71,D-Ala73

Grade

Moligand™

Specifications & Purity

Moligand™

Action Type

AGONIST

Mechanism of action

Agonist of C3a receptor;Agonist of C5a 1 receptor

CAS

rp175429

Molecule Type

Peptide

Storage and Shipping

Storage

Room temperature

Associated Targets(Human)

C5AR1 Tclin C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1 (0 Activities)

Discover Target: C5AR1

Activity Type	Activity Value -log(M)	Mechanism of Action	Activity Reference	Publications (PubMed IDs)

C3AR1 Tchem C3a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor (0 Activities)

Discover Target: C3AR1

Activity Type	Activity Value -log(M)	Mechanism of Action	Activity Reference	Publications (PubMed IDs)

Genetic information

• Alternate Names: C5a₆₅₋₇₄Y65,F67,P69,P71,D-Ala73
• Reference:
  • 1. Kinetics and inhibition of recombinant human cystathionine gamma-lyase. Toward the rational control of transsulfuration., The Journal of biological chemistry, Steegborn, C C and 7 more authors.
  • 2. Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Strausberg, Robert L RL and 83 more authors.
  • 3. Genomic basis of cystathioninuria (MIM 219500) revealed by multiple mutations in cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH)., Human genetics, Wang, Jian J and Hegele, Robert A RA.
  • 4. Cloning and nucleotide sequence of human liver cDNA encoding for cystathionine gamma-lyase., Biochemical and biophysical research communications, Lu, Y Y, O'Dowd, B F BF, Orrego, H H and Israel, Y Y.
  • 5. Single nucleotide polymorphism in CTH associated with variation in plasma homocysteine concentration., Clinical genetics, Wang, J J, Huff, A M AM, Spence, J D JD and Hegele, R A RA.
  • 6. Cystathionine gamma-lyase overexpression inhibits cell proliferation via a H2S-dependent modulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and p21Cip/WAK-1., The Journal of biological chemistry, Yang, Guangdong G, Cao, Kun K, Wu, Lingyun L and Wang, Rui R.
  • 7. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)., Genome research, Gerhard, Daniela S DS and 115 more authors.
  • 8. Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network., Nature, Rual, Jean-François JF and 37 more authors.
  • 9. The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1., Nature, Gregory, S G SG and 178 more authors.
  • 10. Polymorphisms in one-carbon metabolism and trans-sulfuration pathway genes and susceptibility to bladder cancer., International journal of cancer, Moore, Lee E LE and 14 more authors. more
  • 11. Toward a confocal subcellular atlas of the human proteome., Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP, Barbe, Laurent L and 10 more authors.
  • 12. Kinetic properties of polymorphic variants and pathogenic mutants in human cystathionine gamma-lyase., Biochemistry, Zhu, Weidong W, Lin, Alexander A and Banerjee, Ruma R.
  • 13. Pathway-based evaluation of 380 candidate genes and lung cancer susceptibility suggests the importance of the cell cycle pathway., Carcinogenesis, Hosgood, H Dean HD and 12 more authors.
  • 14. Relationship between cystathionine gamma-lyase gene polymorphism and essential hypertension in Northern Chinese Han population., Chinese medical journal, Li, Yun Y and 8 more authors.
  • 15. Active cystathionine beta-synthase can be expressed in heme-free systems in the presence of metal-substituted porphyrins or a chemical chaperone., The Journal of biological chemistry, Majtan, Tomas T, Singh, Laishram R LR, Wang, Liqun L, Kruger, Warren D WD and Kraus, Jan P JP.
  • 16. MALDI-TOF MS genotyping of polymorphisms related to 1-carbon metabolism using common and mass-modified terminators., Clinical chemistry, Meyer, Klaus K, Fredriksen, Ase A and Ueland, Per Magne PM.
  • 17. Structural basis for the inhibition mechanism of human cystathionine gamma-lyase, an enzyme responsible for the production of H(2)S., The Journal of biological chemistry, Sun, Qingxiang Q and 10 more authors.
  • 18. Oral facial clefts and gene polymorphisms in metabolism of folate/one-carbon and vitamin A: a pathway-wide association study., Genetic epidemiology, Boyles, Abee L AL and 16 more authors.
  • 19. Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes., Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, Gonzales, Patricia A PA and 7 more authors.
  • 20. An association study of 45 folate-related genes in spina bifida: Involvement of cubilin (CUBN) and tRNA aspartic acid methyltransferase 1 (TRDMT1)., Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology, Franke, Barbara B and 7 more authors.
  • 21. Polymorphisms in innate immunity genes and lung cancer risk in Xuanwei, China., Environmental and molecular mutagenesis, Shen, Min M and 12 more authors.
  • 22. H2S biogenesis by human cystathionine gamma-lyase leads to the novel sulfur metabolites lanthionine and homolanthionine and is responsive to the grade of hyperhomocysteinemia., The Journal of biological chemistry, Chiku, Taurai T and 5 more authors.
  • 23. Variations in folate pathway genes are associated with unexplained female infertility., Fertility and sterility, Altmäe, Signe S and 7 more authors.
  • 24. Bile-acid-activated farnesoid X receptor regulates hydrogen sulfide production and hepatic microcirculation., World journal of gastroenterology, Renga, Barbara B, Mencarelli, Andrea A, Migliorati, Marco M, Distrutti, Eleonora E and Fiorucci, Stefano S.
  • 25. Cystathionine gamma-lyase: Clinical, metabolic, genetic, and structural studies., Molecular genetics and metabolism, Kraus, Jan P JP and 14 more authors.
  • 26. Relative contributions of cystathionine beta-synthase and gamma-cystathionase to H2S biogenesis via alternative trans-sulfuration reactions., The Journal of biological chemistry, Singh, Sangita S, Padovani, Dominique D, Leslie, Rachel A RA, Chiku, Taurai T and Banerjee, Ruma R.
  • 27. PTEN identified as important risk factor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease., Respiratory medicine, Hosgood, H Dean HD, Menashe, Idan I, He, Xingzhou X, Chanock, Stephen S and Lan, Qing Q.
  • 28. Genetic susceptibility to distinct bladder cancer subphenotypes., European urology, Guey, Lin T LT and 18 more authors.
  • 29. Gene-centric association signals for lipids and apolipoproteins identified via the HumanCVD BeadChip., American journal of human genetics, Talmud, Philippa J PJ and 38 more authors.
  • 30. Integrative predictive model of coronary artery calcification in atherosclerosis., Circulation, McGeachie, Michael M and 13 more authors.
  • 31. Cystathionine beta-synthase 844Ins68 polymorphism is not associated with the levels of homocysteine and cysteine in an Indian population., Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals, Kumar, Jitender J, Garg, Gaurav G, Karthikeyan, Ganesan G and Sengupta, Shantanu S.
  • 32. The expression and activity of cystathionine-γ-lyase and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase in human neoplastic cell lines., Amino acids, Jurkowska, Halina H, Placha, Wojciech W, Nagahara, Noriuki N and Wróbel, Maria M.
  • 33. Ancient origin of the CTH alelle carrying the c.200C>T (p.T67I) variant in patients with cystathioninuria., Clinical genetics, Espinós, C C and 8 more authors.
  • 34. Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of thiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study., Diabetes care, Bailey, Swneke D SD and 11 more authors.
  • 35. Maternal genes and facial clefts in offspring: a comprehensive search for genetic associations in two population-based cleft studies from Scandinavia., PloS one, Jugessur, Astanand A and 12 more authors.
  • 36. [Expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase/hydrogen sulfide pathway in CVB3-induced myocarditis in mice]., Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics, Hua, Wang W and 6 more authors.
  • 37. Folate-metabolizing gene variants and pregnancy outcome of IVF., Reproductive biomedicine online, Laanpere, M M and 5 more authors.
  • 38. Specificity protein-1 as a critical regulator of human cystathionine gamma-lyase in smooth muscle cells., The Journal of biological chemistry, Yang, Guangdong G, Pei, Yanxi Y, Teng, Huajian H, Cao, Qiuhui Q and Wang, Rui R.
  • 39. Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium., Briefings in bioinformatics, Gaudet, Pascale P, Livstone, Michael S MS, Lewis, Suzanna E SE and Thomas, Paul D PD.
  • 40. Expression of cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase in human pregnant myometrium and their roles in the control of uterine contractility., PloS one, You, Xing-Ji XJ and 8 more authors.
  • 41. MicroRNA-21 represses human cystathionine gamma-lyase expression by targeting at specificity protein-1 in smooth muscle cells., Journal of cellular physiology, Yang, Guangdong G, Pei, Yanxi Y, Cao, Qiuhui Q and Wang, Rui R.
  • 42. H2S-Induced sulfhydration of the phosphatase PTP1B and its role in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response., Science signaling, Krishnan, Navasona N, Fu, Cexiong C, Pappin, Darryl J DJ and Tonks, Nicholas K NK.
  • 43. Characterization of hydrogen sulfide and its synthases, cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase, in human prostatic tissue and cells., Urology, Guo, Hui H and 5 more authors.
  • 44. Sp1 is involved in regulation of cystathionine γ-lyase gene expression and biological function by PI3K/Akt pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines., Cellular signalling, Yin, Peng P and 12 more authors.
  • 45. H₂S protects against pressure overload-induced heart failure via upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase., Circulation, Kondo, Kazuhisa K and 14 more authors.
  • 46. Reduced cystathionine γ-lyase and increased miR-21 expression are associated with increased vascular resistance in growth-restricted pregnancies: hydrogen sulfide as a placental vasodilator., The American journal of pathology, Cindrova-Davies, Tereza T and 5 more authors.
  • 47. Dysregulation of hydrogen sulfide producing enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase contributes to maternal hypertension and placental abnormalities in preeclampsia., Circulation, Wang, Keqing K and 14 more authors.
  • 48. Regulation of cystathionine γ-lyase in mammalian cells by hypoxia., Biochemical genetics, Wang, Maoxian M, Guo, Zhanyun Z and Wang, Shilong S.
  • 49. A genome-wide association study of chemotherapy-induced alopecia in breast cancer patients., Breast cancer research : BCR, Chung, Suyoun S and 6 more authors.
  • 50. [Cystathionine γ-lyase]., Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej (Online), Jurkowska, Halina H, Kaczor-Kamińska, Marta M, Bronowicka-Adamska, Patrycja P and Wróbel, Maria M.
  • 51. Decreased cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) activity in livers of type 1 diabetic rats and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of type 1 diabetic patients., The Journal of biological chemistry, Manna, Prasenjit P, Gungor, Neslihan N, McVie, Robert R and Jain, Sushil K SK.
  • 52. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)/cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) pathway contributes to the proliferation of hepatoma cells., Mutation research, Pan, Yan Y and 5 more authors.
  • 53. The cystathionine γ-lyase/hydrogen sulfide system maintains cellular glutathione status., The Biochemical journal, Lee, Zheng-Wei ZW, Low, Yi-Lian YL, Huang, Shufen S, Wang, Tianxiao T and Deng, Lih-Wen LW.
  • 54. The binding site for the transcription factor, NF-κB, on the cystathionine γ-lyase promoter is critical for LPS-induced cystathionine γ-lyase expression., International journal of molecular medicine, Wang, Maoxian M, Guo, Zhanyun Z and Wang, Shilong S.
  • 55. Regulation of cystathionine gamma-lyase/H₂S system and its pathological implication., Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition), Zhao, Kexin K, Li, Hongzhu H, Li, Shuangshuang S and Yang, Guangdong G.
  • 56. Dysregulation of hydrogen sulphide metabolism impairs oviductal transport of embryos., Nature communications, Ning, Nannan N and 5 more authors.
  • 57. Wnt/β-catenin signaling induces the transcription of cystathionine-γ-lyase, a stimulator of tumor in colon cancer., Cellular signalling, Fan, Kun K and 7 more authors.
  • 58. miRNA-30 family inhibition protects against cardiac ischemic injury by regulating cystathionine-γ-lyase expression., Antioxidants & redox signaling, Shen, Yaqi Y and 7 more authors.
  • 59. Role of the cystathionine γ lyase/hydrogen sulfide pathway in human melanoma progression., Pigment cell & melanoma research, Panza, Elisabetta E and 11 more authors.
  • 60. A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network., Cell, Rolland, Thomas T and 69 more authors.
  • 61. Neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease involves loss of cystathionine γ-lyase., Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.), Paul, Bindu D BD and Snyder, Solomon H SH.
  • 62. The importance of MTHFR, MTR, MTRR and CSE expression levels in Caucasian women with preeclampsia., European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, Seremak-Mrozikiewicz, Agnieszka A and 6 more authors.
  • 63. The importance of rs1021737 and rs482843 polymorphisms of cystathionine gamma-lyase in the etiology of preeclampsia in the Caucasian population., Ginekologia polska, Mrozikiewicz, Przemysław M PM and 8 more authors.
  • 64. Cystathionine γ-lyase, a H2S-generating enzyme, is a GPBAR1-regulated gene and contributes to vasodilation caused by secondary bile acids., American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, Renga, Barbara B and 9 more authors.
  • 65. Correlation between the cystathionine-γ-lyase (CES) and the severity of peptic ulcer disease., African health sciences, Chen, Xiong X, Wan, Ying-Chun YC, Guo, Tao T, Xu, Can-Xia CX and Wang, Fen F.
  • 66. MPST but not CSE is the primary regulator of hydrogen sulfide production and function in the coronary artery., American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, Kuo, Maggie M MM and 10 more authors.
  • 67. Transcriptional Regulation of Cystathionine-γ-Lyase in Endothelial Cells by NADPH Oxidase 4-Dependent Signaling., The Journal of biological chemistry, Mistry, Rajesh K RK and 8 more authors.
  • 68. LPS Up-Regulates Cystathionine γ -Lyase Gene Expression in Primary Human Macrophages via NF-κB/ERK Pathway., Inflammation & allergy drug targets, Badiei, Alireza A, Gieseg, Steven S, Davies, Sian S, Izani Othman, Mohd M and Bhatia, Madhav M.
  • 69. Radiation Exposure Promotes Hepatocarcinoma Cell Invasion through Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Mediated by H2S/CSE Pathway., Radiation research, Pan, Yan Y, Zhou, Cuiping C, Yuan, Dexiao D, Zhang, Jianghong J and Shao, Chunlin C.
  • 70. Cystathionine γ-lyase(CSE)/hydrogen sulfide system is regulated by miR-216a and influences cholesterol efflux in macrophages via the PI3K/AKT/ABCA1 pathway., Biochemical and biophysical research communications, Gong, Duo D and 15 more authors.
  • 71. MicroRNA-186 promotes macrophage lipid accumulation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by targeting cystathionine γ-lyase in THP-1 macrophages., Atherosclerosis, Yao, Yan Y and 9 more authors.
  • 72. Cystathionine γ-lyase is expressed in human atherosclerotic plaque microvessels and is involved in micro-angiogenesis., Scientific reports, van den Born, J C JC and 5 more authors.
  • 73. Dichotomous effects of isomeric secondary amines containing an aromatic nitrile and nitro group on human aortic smooth muscle cells via inhibition of cystathionine-γ-lyase., Biochimie, Ji, Yajing Y and 6 more authors.
  • 74. Distinctive expression pattern of cystathionine-β-synthase and cystathionine-γ-lyase identifies mesenchymal stromal cells transition to mineralizing osteoblasts., Journal of cellular physiology, Gambari, Laura L and 6 more authors.
  • 75. Age-Dependent Allergic Asthma Development and Cystathionine Gamma-Lyase Deficiency., Antioxidants & redox signaling, Wang, Peipei P and 6 more authors.
  • 76. Augmented H2S production via cystathionine-beta-synthase upregulation plays a role in pregnancy-associated uterine vasodilation., Biology of reproduction, Sheibani, Lili L and 7 more authors.
  • 77. Total sulfane sulfur bioavailability reflects ethnic and gender disparities in cardiovascular disease., Redox biology, Rajpal, Saurabh S and 12 more authors.
  • 78. Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides., Gene, Maruyama, K K and Sugano, S S.

Application Protocols

No tested/validated application protocols are provided for this item in the Product Data.

General starting points (adapt as needed)

• Stock preparation: Prepare a concentrated stock (e.g., 1–10 mM) in water or DMSO depending on solubility, then dilute into assay buffer. Filter (0.22 µm) if particulate remains and sterility is required.
• SPR/BLI binding assay:
  • Immobilize target protein on sensor surface (e.g., His-tag/Ni-NTA or amine coupling).
  • Inject peptide in a concentration series (e.g., 0.1–100 µM) in running buffer (PBS + 0.05% Tween-20), record sensograms, fit to 1:1 model.
• Fluorescence polarization (if fluorescently labeled):
  • Keep tracer at low nM; titrate protein; maintain DMSO ≤1%.
• ITC:
  • Dialyze peptide and protein into identical buffer; typical cell concentration 10–50 µM protein, syringe 100–500 µM peptide; 25°C.

These are generic research protocols; optimize parameters for your system. For any item-specific instructions, consult the CoA/Spec Sheet.

Biological Roles

Item-specific biological activity or targets are not provided in the Product Data. The following is general context for short peptides in research.

• Functional motifs: Short peptides can mimic protein interaction motifs (e.g., SH3/PDZ-binding sequences), act as competitive inhibitors of protein–protein interactions, or serve as minimal epitopes for antibody recognition, depending on sequence and stereochemistry.
• Charge and binding: Basic residues (Lys, Arg) often mediate electrostatic interactions with acidic protein surfaces or nucleic acids; aromatic residues (Tyr, Phe) contribute to π-stacking and hydrophobic contacts; Proline imposes conformational constraints that can enhance recognition of proline-rich motifs.
• Post-translational considerations: Without explicit data, assume no PTMs. However, Tyr can be a phosphorylation site and Met is susceptible to oxidation; such modifications alter binding behaviors (literature).
• Cellular uptake: Unmodified short peptides typically exhibit limited passive permeability; cationic content may modestly enhance uptake but also increase nonspecific interactions. Dedicated cell-penetrating sequences or conjugation strategies are often required for intracellular delivery.
• Stability: Proteolysis by exo- and endopeptidases can limit lifetime in biological matrices; D-amino acids or terminal capping increase resistance (general guidance).

No claims of therapeutic effect are made. For any target-related use, empirical validation is required.

Buffer Applications

This product is a peptide/ligand and is not typically used as a buffering agent. It does not constitute a defined buffer system with a designated pKa range.

• Practical note: While not a buffer, it is commonly dissolved in standard biological buffers (e.g., PBS, HEPES, Tris) for assays. Choose the buffer to suit the biological target and analytical method, considering ionic strength and pH effects on peptide charge and solubility.

For details on dissolution and solvent choice, see the Solvent Selection and Storage & Reconstitution sections.

Green Alternatives

When preparing peptide solutions, solvent choices can influence environmental footprint.

• Preferred greener media (general)

  • Aqueous buffers at near-neutral pH are typically the greenest choice for dissolution and assays.
  • Bio-based cosolvents (e.g., glycerol at low percentages) can sometimes replace DMSO for stability, though viscosity and assay compatibility should be considered.

• Minimizing DMSO use

  • Pre-wet the peptide with a minimal volume of DMSO, then immediately dilute into buffer to a final DMSO content ≤0.5–1%.
  • Explore mild pH adjustments (0.1% acetic acid or NH4OH) to enhance solubility, avoiding organic cosolvents when possible.

• Process considerations

  • Use micro-scale dissolution tests to avoid waste.
  • Employ recyclable glass vials and minimize single-use plastics when compatible with assay requirements.

Comparison (general)

• Water/buffer: renewable, low toxicity, minimal disposal concerns; may require pH optimization.
• DMSO: excellent solvency but higher environmental burden; potential biological interference at elevated percentages.
• Acetonitrile/methanol: effective for analytical workflows; higher VOC emissions and flammability—limit to essential analytical steps.

Note: Selection must balance green principles with assay fidelity and peptide stability. No item-specific solvent mandates are provided; refer to the CoA/Spec Sheet for any special instructions.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No pharmacopeial status, excipient role, or formulation use is specified for this item; it is labeled for research use only.

General context (non-clinical, non-therapeutic)

• Reference and system suitability material: Peptides in discovery settings can serve as standards for analytical method development (e.g., LC-MS calibration, retention time markers) when identity and content are well characterized.
• Formulation research: In preclinical labs, peptides are evaluated for stability (oxidation, deamidation, aggregation) and for delivery strategies (salt forms, terminal capping, conjugation), without implying clinical use.
• Process development: May be used to optimize solid-phase synthesis, purification, and lyophilization protocols.

Important: This product is not an API, drug, or diagnostic; it is for research use only, as stated in the Product Data.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physical properties

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular Weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular Formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Melting point, boiling point, density, refractive index, UV cutoff, water/peroxide/metal content: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General/literature characteristics for short peptides (for context; not item-specific specifications)

• Physical form: typically white to off-white amorphous solid or lyophilized powder.
• Solubility tendencies: peptides bearing Lys/Arg usually dissolve in water or aqueous buffers; hydrophobic/aromatic content (Phe, Leu, Met, Pro) can reduce aqueous solubility, often improved by adding small amounts of base (e.g., 0.1% NH4OH) or organic cosolvent (DMSO) before dilution.
• pI and charge: presence of Lys/Arg skews basic; actual isoelectric point depends on C/N-terminus protection and any noncanonical residues (confirm on CoA).
• Hygroscopicity: many peptides are moderately hygroscopic; protect from moisture.
• Stability: solid-state peptides are generally stable at ambient temperature when dry and protected from light; Met-containing sequences can be oxidation-sensitive (literature).

Important note: Do not treat these general values as specifications. For exact analytical values (purity, counterion content, residual solvents, water content), consult the product’s CoA/Spec Sheet.

Quality and Grades

Item-specific details

• Grade: Moligand (from Product Data)
• Purity, counterion content, residual solvents, water content, and analytical methods: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

About Moligand grade (general explanation)

• Moligand is used to denote compounds intended for ligand discovery, screening, and chemical biology workflows. Such materials are typically suitable for assay development, HTS, and SAR exploration, with emphasis on identity confirmation and batch-to-batch consistency rather than pharmacopeial compliance.
• Analytical expectations (general): LC/MS or HRMS for identity, LC-UV or UPLC for purity profile, and documentation of salt form/counterions. Exact acceptance criteria vary; verify on the item’s CoA.

Stabilizers and additives

• Stabilizers or lyoprotectants, if any, are not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. If present, they may influence solubility and assay background.

What to verify before use

• Confirm: sequence identity (including the “a” residue definition), net peptide content vs. gross weight, counterion (e.g., TFA, acetate), and salt form. For quantitative work, adjust for water and counterion content using the CoA values.

Suitability notes

• This product is for research use only (as provided). It is not intended for human or veterinary use, diagnostic procedures, or as an API.

Reaction and Applications

Applications (general for screening peptides/ligands; expand beyond catalog heading)

• Ligand discovery: Use in binding assays (e.g., fluorescence polarization, SPR, BLI, ITC) to profile interactions with protein targets, domains, or receptors. Sequence composition (basic and aromatic residues) can support interactions with acidic surfaces or aromatic pockets.
• Assay development: Serve as a tool compound or positive/negative control to optimize assay windows, evaluate matrix effects, and benchmark detection limits.
• Chemical biology: Employed in pulldown experiments after suitable tagging (e.g., biotinylation, fluorophore labeling) to probe protein interactomes.
• Structural studies: Use in co-crystallization or NMR titrations to map binding epitopes and define SAR.

Reactivity/modification chemistry (general)

• N-terminus and Lys ε-amine offer sites for acylation, succinylation, NHS-ester labeling, and isothiocyanate coupling.
• Tyr phenol allows electrophilic substitution/azo coupling under controlled conditions; Met thioether can be selectively oxidized to sulfoxide (often undesirable—minimize with antioxidants).
• Click chemistry: If an azide/alkyne is introduced via a handle, CuAAC or SPAAC can install tags.

Practical tips

• Work quickly with oxygen-sensitive sequences (Met) under inert atmosphere if prolonged handling in solution is expected; include methionine-friendly antioxidants (e.g., 0.1 mM TCEP) when compatible.
• Confirm identity and purity by LC-MS before critical studies; quantify concentration by amino acid analysis, UV (if Tyr present; ε280 depends on exact sequence), or peptide content from CoA.

Note: No target specificity is provided for this item; design experiments accordingly.

Reaction Conditions

No item-specific transformation conditions are provided. The following are general, literature-based conditions for common peptide modifications; adapt to the sequence and intended use.

• NHS-ester labeling (amines)

  • Solvent: PBS or bicarbonate buffer, pH 8.3–8.5 (to deprotonate amines), with ≤10% DMF/DMSO if needed.
  • Temperature/time: 20–25°C, 30–120 min.
  • Molar ratios: 3–10 eq label per peptide amine site.
  • Quench with Tris or ethanolamine; purify by RP-HPLC.

• Maleimide labeling (requires a cysteine)

  • Not applicable unless the sequence contains/introduces Cys. If a Cys is engineered, use pH 6.5–7.0 in PBS with EDTA, 20–25°C, 30–60 min.

• Oxidation precautions (Met-containing peptides)

  • Exclude light/oxygen where possible; add 0.5–1 mM antioxidant (e.g., methionine, TCEP) during handling; avoid H2O2 and peracids.

• Tyrosine-specific modifications

  • Diazonium coupling: pH ~9 in carbonate buffer; monitor by UV/LC-MS.
  • Iodination (research tracer prep): Iodogen or Chloramine-T, pH 7–8, seconds to minutes; minimize over-iodination.

• Amide coupling (C-terminus extension)

  • Reagents: HATU/HBTU/EDC with HOAt/HOBt alternatives; base DIPEA/NaHCO3.
  • Solvent: DMF/NMP for SPPS; aqueous-organic for solution-phase.
  • Temperature: 20–25°C; monitor by LC-MS.

These are general guidelines; verify compatibility with your assay and consult primary literature.

Safety and Handling

Item-specific hazard information (from Product Data)

• GHS Classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Signal Word: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Hazard (H) Statements and Pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.

General safety guidance for research peptides/ligands (literature/practice; defer to SDS)

• Expected hazards: Low volatility solids; dust may cause mechanical irritation. Peptides may act as sensitizers or allergens upon repeated exposure. Met-containing peptides can oxidize; avoid strong oxidizers.
• PPE: Wear lab coat, safety glasses, and suitable gloves (e.g., nitrile). Use a certified fume hood or powder enclosure when handling fine powders to minimize inhalation and cross-contamination.
• Handling tips:
  • Avoid aerosolization; open vials gently, consider anti-static measures.
  • Use clean, dry tools; peptides can be hygroscopic.
  • If sterile work is needed, reconstitute with sterile-filtered solvents and handle aseptically.
• Incompatibilities (general): Strong oxidizers; proteases if biological contamination is possible; moisture may lead to clumping or hydrolysis over prolonged exposure.
• First aid overview (general):
  • Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
  • Skin/eye contact: Rinse with water for several minutes; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical advice if irritation persists.
  • Ingestion: Rinse mouth; seek medical attention. Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.

Always consult the product-specific SDS for authoritative safety, toxicological, and disposal information.

Solvent Selection

Context: Short peptides exhibit mixed hydrophilicity depending on sequence and terminal modifications. YSFKPMPLaR contains basic residues (K, R) and polar Tyr/Ser, alongside hydrophobic residues (F, L, M, P), suggesting conditional water solubility.

• Polarity/miscibility (general)

  • Water/buffer: Often the primary solvent; basic residues favor dissolution. Adjust pH (6–8) to keep Lys/Arg protonated for solubility.
  • DMSO: Effective cosolvent for initial dissolution of hydrophobic peptides prior to aqueous dilution; miscible with water.
  • Acetonitrile: Useful in mixtures for HPLC or LC-MS sample prep; not typically used alone for dissolution.
  • Alcohols: MeOH/EtOH can assist but may denature proteins in bioassays; use sparingly.

• Practical dissolution workflow (general)

  1. Bring vial to room temperature in a desiccator.
  2. Briefly centrifuge to collect material at the bottom.
  3. Test a small amount: attempt dissolution in water or buffer (e.g., 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.4). If incomplete, add minimal DMSO to pre-dissolve (e.g., 5–20% v/v final after dilution).
  4. For challenging cases, use 0.1–1% acetic acid or ammonium hydroxide to adjust ionization, then neutralize after dissolution.

• Comparison (general guidance)

  • Water/buffer: lowest background in bioassays; limited by hydrophobic content.
  • DMSO: strong solvency; ensure final assay DMSO ≤0.5–1% to avoid biological artifacts.
  • GuHCl or urea solutions: increase solubility for difficult sequences but can interfere with binding assays.

Note: Exact solubility and counterion effects are item-specific; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for recommendations.

Storage and Reconstitution

Item-specific storage

• Storage Conditions (solid): Room temperature (from Product Data). Protect from moisture and light. Retain in original, tightly closed container.
• Shipped In: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General reconstitution guidance (not item-specific specifications)

• Solvents: Start with water or assay buffer. If insoluble, pre-dissolve in a minimal volume of DMSO, then dilute with buffer to the desired concentration. Mild pH adjustment (0.1% acetic acid or NH4OH) can help.
• Concentration: Prepare a concentrated stock (e.g., 1–10 mM) based on molecular weight from the CoA; mix gently until fully dissolved. Brief sonication can assist dissolution.
• Filtration: If sterile solutions are required, filter through 0.22 µm PVDF or PTFE (check peptide/solvent compatibility).

Solution stability (general good practice)

• For short-term use (hours to a few days), store solutions at 2–8°C, protected from light. For longer-term storage, aliquot and freeze at −20°C or −80°C to avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles. Avoid multiple freeze–thaw events by preparing single-use aliquots.
• Oxidation control: For Met-containing sequences, minimize air exposure and consider adding low levels of compatible antioxidants; avoid peroxides.

Always defer to the product’s CoA for any item-specific reconstitution instructions and stability data. This product is for research use only.

Structure and Identity

Brief description: YSFKPMPLaR is presented as a peptide-like Moligand screening compound. Specific registries and full structural identifiers are not provided in the Product Data.

• Item-specific identifiers (from Product Data)

  • SKU: rp175429
  • Product Name: YSFKPMPLaR
  • CAS: rp175429 (internal identifier)
  • Grade: Moligand
  • Molecular Formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular Weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Structural features (general, literature-based interpretation of the name)

  • The name suggests a linear peptide sequence composed of the one-letter amino acid codes: Y–S–F–K–P–M–P–L–a–R. The lowercase “a” is ambiguous; it may denote a noncanonical residue or a stereochemical variant (e.g., D-Ala). Confirm exact identity on the CoA.
  • Functional groups (general for peptides): multiple amide bonds (peptide backbone), terminal amino group (N-terminus) and terminal carboxylate/amide (C-terminus) unless otherwise capped; ionizable side chains include Lys (basic) and Arg (guanidinium), Tyr phenolic OH, Ser hydroxyl, and hydrophobic/aromatic residues (Phe, Leu, Met, Pro).
  • Stereochemistry: Peptides are typically L-residues unless specified; presence of “a” lower-case may indicate a non-L residue—verify on CoA.

• 2D structure in words (general): A linear polypeptidic chain with alternating polar/charged and hydrophobic side chains, including two Pro residues introducing conformational constraints, and terminal Tyr (aromatic) and Arg (basic) residues that can modulate solubility and binding.

Synthetic Utility

As a defined peptide sequence, YSFKPMPLaR is primarily a screening ligand rather than a general reagent. However, peptides offer versatile synthetic handles for derivatization and as building blocks.

• Functional groups and reactivity (general)

  • N-terminus and Lys ε-amine: acylation/alkylation, NHS-ester labeling, isothiocyanate coupling, reductive amination (after aldehyde introduction), and metal-chelate attachment via bifunctional linkers.
  • Tyr phenol: electrophilic aromatic substitution (iodination, diazotization/azo coupling), oxidative coupling; can be used for radioiodination in tracer studies (research only).
  • Met thioether: selective oxidation to sulfoxide (generally avoided) or chemoselective alkylation under specialized conditions.
  • C-terminus (if free acid): amide coupling to extend sequence or install amide caps; hydrazide formation for native chemical ligation workflows.

• Value in retrosynthesis/workflows

  • Acts as a defined scaffold to probe SAR via residue substitution or side-chain modifications.
  • Enables site-specific conjugation (biotin, fluorophores, affinity handles) for pull-downs and imaging assays.

• Practical notes

  • If further synthesis is intended, confirm terminal protections and salt form on the CoA. Unprotected peptides can undergo side reactions; perform modifications under mild, peptide-compatible conditions.

No item-specific protective groups or modifications are provided; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet.

Target Specificity

Item-specific target information is not provided in the Product Data.

• Antigen/target name, binding epitope, affinity constants (KD), species reactivity, and assay-validated selectivity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet or internal screening data.

General note: As a Moligand screening peptide, this material is suitable for empirical evaluation against candidate protein targets using binding assays (e.g., SPR, BLI, FP) to determine specificity and affinity.