Zenarestat - Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO , CAS No.112733-06-9

CAS: 112733-06-9 Cat. No.: Z1494988 Formula: C₁₇H₁₁BrClFN₂O₄ Molecular Weight: 441.64

GRADE & PURITY Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO

Storage

Store at -80°C

Shipped In

Dry ice packs + Cold packs

Overview

Zenarestat is a potent and orally active aldose reductase inhibitor. Zenarestat improves diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Zucker diabetic fatty rats.

Specifications

Specifications & Purity

Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO

Storage

Store at -80°C

Shipped In

Dry ice packs + Cold packs

This product requires cold chain shipping. Ground and other economy services are not available.

Grade

Moligand™

Names and Identifiers

• Isomeric SMILES: C1=CC2=C(C=C1Cl)N(C(=O)N(C2=O)CC3=C(C=C(C=C3)Br)F)CC(=O)O
• Alternate CAS: 112733-06-9
• MeSH Entry Terms: (3-(4-bromo-2-fluorobenzyl)-7-chloro-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-1-yl)acetic acid;Fk 366;Fk-366;Fk366;FR 74366;FR-74366;FR74366;Zenarestat
• Molecular Weight: 441.64

Application Protocols

• No item-specific, validated application protocols are provided for this product; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• General workflow for small-molecule screening compounds:
  • Equilibrate vial to room temperature in a desiccator before opening to avoid condensation.
  • Prepare a concentrated DMSO stock (e.g., 10–50 mM) using analytical balance and volumetric addition; vortex and, if necessary, sonicate gently to aid dissolution.
  • Optionally clarify by brief centrifugation and/or 0.2 µm filtration if particulates persist (avoid adsorption losses).
  • Aliquot into low-bind tubes or assay plates; minimize freeze–thaw by preparing single-use aliquots.
  • For biochemical assays, add to buffer with vigorous mixing to achieve final solvent ≤1–2% v/v; include vehicle controls and, if applicable, detergent to limit aggregation.
  • Document plate maps, stock concentrations, and dilution factors to ensure reproducibility across runs.

Biological Roles

• Research use only: This compound is supplied for laboratory research. No medical or clinical use is intended or implied.
• Literature context (general): Zenarestat has been reported in the scientific literature as an inhibitor of aldose reductase (AR; AKR1B1), an NADPH-dependent enzyme at the entry point of the polyol pathway that reduces glucose to sorbitol. AR inhibition is widely used as a tool to probe flux through the polyol pathway, cellular redox balance, and downstream osmotic/oxidative stress mechanisms in biochemical and cellular systems.
• Experimental utility (typical, literature):
  • Biochemical assays to quantify AR catalytic activity, IC50/Ki determination, and mechanism-of-inhibition studies under defined NADPH/glucose substrate conditions.
  • Cell-based studies examining modulation of sorbitol/fructose accumulation, oxidative stress markers, and signaling changes attributed to altered polyol pathway activity.
  • Potential as a probe in chemoproteomic or thermal profiling workflows to assess target engagement in lysates or cells.
• Selectivity considerations (literature/general): Aldo-keto reductases share structural homology; off-target interactions within AKR family members can occur and should be evaluated with orthogonal assays. Protein binding, aggregation, and redox interferences should be controlled experimentally.
• Note: Specific potency, selectivity, and ADME parameters are not provided for this item; consult primary literature and generate in-house reference data under your assay conditions.

Buffer Applications

• This product is not a buffering reagent. No intrinsic buffer capacity or standardized buffer recipes apply.
• Practical guidance (general for assay deployment):
  • Prepare concentrated DMSO stocks and dilute into assay buffers maintaining final organic concentration typically ≤1–2% v/v to preserve enzymatic activity.
  • Common buffers for enzyme assays include phosphate, HEPES, or Tris systems at physiological ionic strength; choose based on enzyme pH-activity profile and cofactor stability (e.g., NADPH sensitivity to light/oxidation).
  • Include detergents (e.g., 0.01–0.05% Tween-20) where appropriate to minimize colloidal aggregation artifacts.
• Item-specific pKa or solubility in specific buffers: Not specified for this item; verify empirically.

Green Alternatives

• This item is a discrete screening compound rather than a process solvent or reagent, so “green replacement” concepts are not typically applicable.
• Sustainability considerations for use (general):
  • Prepare concentrated DMSO stocks to minimize solvent volumes across assays.
  • Employ microvolume dispensing and sealed plates to reduce evaporation and waste.
  • Choose lower-impact solvents for any work-up/cleanup steps (e.g., ethanol or ethyl acetate) when feasible, and avoid chlorinated solvents unless analytically required.
  • Consolidate analytical runs (LC–MS) and use short gradients where acceptable to reduce solvent use.
• End-of-life: Dispose of unused solutions via institutional hazardous waste streams; avoid sink disposal. Consider sharing aliquots across teams to minimize redundant thaw–freeze cycles and waste.

Pharmaceutical Uses

• Supplied strictly for research use only; not for human or veterinary use, diagnostic, or therapeutic applications.
• Formulation/excipient status: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. There is no pharmacopeial grading indicated for this product (Moligand™ screening grade).
• Relevance to formulation R&D (general): Where compound solubility or stability studies are required (e.g., preformulation screening), determine:
  • Solubility across pH and co-solvent systems (DMSO, PEG 400, ethanol) and in biorelevant media if your lab scope permits.
  • Solid-state form (amorphous/crystalline, polymorph/salt) and thermal behavior (DSC/TGA) to inform handling and storage.
• Any clinical, dosing, or pharmacological claims are outside the scope of this listing and should not be inferred.

Physical Properties

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Melting point: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Boiling point / decomposition: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Density: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Solubility: Item-specific solubility is not specified. For screening compounds of this class, DMSO stock solutions (e.g., 10–50 mM) are commonly prepared (literature/general practice). Always verify with the item’s CoA and perform a small-scale solubility check.
• LogP/logD, pKa, refractive index: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• UV–vis characteristics: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. Many aromatic inhibitors exhibit π→π* bands in the 220–320 nm range (literature, general observation), but do not assume for this item.
• Hygroscopicity/photostability: Not specified. As a precaution for small-molecule libraries, protect from light and moisture during handling (general best practice).
• Notes: Where physical constants are required for method development (e.g., LC method scouting, logD prediction), retrieve definitive values from the batch CoA or determine empirically under your lab conditions.

Quality and Grades

• Grade/Purity: Moligand™.
• What Moligand™ means (general): Moligand denotes a screening-grade small molecule curated for ligand discovery, target validation, and chemical biology. Emphasis is typically placed on identity confirmation (e.g., NMR/MS where applicable), library suitability, and storage stability rather than chromatographic solvent specifications.
• Item-specific purity, stabilizers, residual solvent/metal limits: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet for lot-level analytical data (e.g., HPLC area %, residual solvents by GC, water content by Karl Fischer, etc., if measured).
• Use case guidance:
  • Suitable for hit finding, SAR exploration, and biochemical/biophysical screening workflows.
  • For regulated applications or highly sensitive biophysical assays, verify acceptance criteria (purity, counter‑ion content, form) from the CoA and consider in‑house re-qualification.
• Documentation: Request the lot-specific CoA and, where available, spectral data to confirm identity before deploying to large or long-running screens.

Reaction and Applications

• This product is offered as a research small molecule (Moligand™) for screening and ligand-discovery workflows, not primarily as a synthetic reagent.
• Typical applications (general for tool compounds):
  • Biochemical/biophysical assays (enzyme activity, binding, thermal shift) after preparation of defined DMSO stocks.
  • Cell-based assay exploration where solubility and cytocompatibility limits are established experimentally.
  • Orthogonal confirmation via biophysical methods (SPR, MST, DSF) using assay-compatible buffers and minimal organic content.
• If used in synthetic or derivatization studies: Item-specific reactivity and functional-group compatibility are not provided. Any transformations (e.g., prodrug derivatization, linker installation) should be developed from primary structural data and pilot reactions.
• Practical tips:
  • Validate identity/purity on receipt (e.g., LC–MS) for screening reproducibility.
  • Establish solubility and stability windows in your exact assay buffer (time-course LC or UV monitoring) to avoid false negatives due to precipitation or degradation.
  • Control for solvent effects with matching vehicle controls and, where applicable, detergent to reduce compound aggregation artifacts.

Reaction Conditions

• Not typically applicable: This item is intended for use as a screening compound rather than as a reagent in synthetic transformations.
• If employing in custom chemistry (general guidance only):
  • Solvent: Use dry, oxygen-free solvents if moisture/air-sensitive groups are present (verify structure first). DMSO/DMF/ACN are common for small-molecule manipulations; choose based on solubility and reaction class.
  • Temperature/time: Optimize empirically; begin with small-scale trials and monitor by LC–MS.
  • Catalysts/bases/acids: Select based on confirmed functional groups; avoid harsh conditions until stability is profiled by DSC/TGA and stress testing.
• Expected yields: No item-specific literature yields are provided; establish conditions and yields experimentally for any derivatization chemistry.

Safety and Handling

• GHS classification, signal word, pictograms, H-statements: Not specified for this item; refer to the product SDS for authoritative hazard information.
• General hazards (literature/common for small-molecule research compounds): May cause irritation to skin, eyes, or respiratory tract upon exposure. Avoid inhalation of dust or aerosols.
• PPE: Wear lab coat, safety glasses, and appropriate chemically resistant gloves; handle in a fume hood when weighing or dissolving powders.
• Incompatibilities: Specific incompatibilities are not specified. As a general precaution, avoid strong oxidizers and strong acids/bases until compatibility is confirmed from SDS or preliminary tests.
• First aid (overview; not a substitute for SDS):
  • Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
  • Skin/eye contact: Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical attention if irritation persists.
  • Ingestion: Rinse mouth; seek medical attention.
• Spill response: Avoid creating dust; collect mechanically and place in a suitable, labeled container for disposal according to institutional and local regulations.
• Fire safety: Combustion hazards and extinguishing media not specified; in general, use CO2, dry chemical, or foam for organic solids and avoid high-pressure water streams that may spread contamination.
• Always defer to the current SDS and institutional EHS procedures.

Solvent Selection

• Item-specific solubility is not specified; consult the CoA and perform a bench-top solubility test.
• General practice for hydrophobic/aromatic screening compounds (literature/common use):
  • Primary solvent: DMSO for concentrated stocks (e.g., 10–50 mM), thanks to high solvating power and compatibility with assay plates.
  • Secondary solvents/co-solvents: DMF, acetonitrile, ethanol, or aqueous buffers with co-solvent (≤1–2% v/v DMSO or ACN) as assay-compatible diluents.
  • Avoid precipitation upon dilution by pre-warming solutions and adding stock slowly to vigorously mixed aqueous media.
• Polarity and miscibility (general): DMSO is fully miscible with water and many organics, enabling serial dilution into assay buffers. If employing ACN or ethanol, confirm assay tolerance and potential protein denaturation effects.
• Comparison (general guidance):
  • DMSO: highest solubilizing capacity; widely accepted in screening; may impact enzyme kinetics above ~1–2% v/v.
  • DMF: potent solvent but less favored in biology labs; consider only if DMSO is inadequate and assay allows.
  • ACN/EtOH: useful for LC compatibility or quick evaporations; monitor volatility and assay effects.
• Tip: Filter stocks (PTFE or PVDF, 0.2 µm) only if necessary to remove particulates; avoid adsorption losses by minimizing contact with untreated polystyrene surfaces.

Storage and Reconstitution

• Storage conditions (item-specific): Store at -80°C.
• Shipping: Shipped on dry ice packs + cold packs to maintain low temperature during transit.
• Stability guidance:
  • Keep container tightly closed, protected from light and moisture. Allow to reach room temperature in a dry environment before opening to prevent condensation.
  • Prepare single-use aliquots of stock solutions to minimize freeze–thaw cycles. For long-term storage, retain material as dry solid at -80°C; for solutions, -20°C or -80°C in DMSO is commonly used in screening labs (general practice). Verify stability empirically.
• Reconstitution:
  • Solvent selection is not specified for this item. DMSO is commonly used for similar small molecules; confirm solubility with a small test aliquot.
  • Record exact concentration, solvent, and date of preparation on each aliquot; store in labeled, sealed, low-bind containers.
• Shelf-life/expiry: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and monitor integrity by LC–MS/HPLC at defined intervals for critical applications.
• Research use only: Follow institutional SOPs for storage, inventory, and disposal.

Structure and Identity

• Item: Zenarestat (SKU: Z1494988); CAS: 112733-06-9; Category: small molecule screening compound (Moligand library)
• Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Structural features (general, literature): Reported in the literature as an aromatic, sulfur-containing small molecule bearing heteroatoms compatible with hydrogen‑bonding interactions; frequently classified among aldose reductase inhibitors. Exact functional group arrangement and stereochemistry should be verified from primary references or the item’s CoA/SDS.
• 2D structure description (general): Literature depictions show a conjugated aromatic scaffold with polar substituents capable of donor/acceptor interactions. Without item-specific structural strings, do not rely on schematic assumptions for computational work; obtain definitive identifiers before in silico use.
• Registry cross-references: PubChem CID (catalog listing): 5724 (verify before use; consult primary structure databases or our CoA for authoritative identity).

Synthetic Utility

• The product is provided as a finished small molecule for screening; it is not positioned as a general-purpose building block. Item-specific reactive handles and derivatization strategies are not provided.
• If derivatization is desired (general guidance):
  • Obtain and confirm the exact structure (CoA/SDS or primary literature) before planning any transformations (e.g., prodrug/salt formation, linker installation for immobilization).
  • Consider maintaining key pharmacophores while modifying peripheral groups to explore SAR or to add conjugation handles (e.g., amide coupling, click-ready motifs) where structurally permissible.
• Purification/analysis (general): LC–MS for reaction monitoring; flash chromatography or preparative LC for isolation; rigorous characterization (1H/13C NMR, HRMS, purity by HPLC) prior to biological testing.
• Note: Without item-specific functional group data, no named-reaction recommendations can be responsibly provided.

Target Specificity

• Antigen/epitope/clone/isotype: Not applicable; this product is a small molecule, not an antibody or protein reagent.
• Tested/validated targets for this catalog item: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and primary literature if needed.
• Note: Any discussion of molecular targets should be treated as literature context only; perform target engagement and selectivity profiling in your own system.