2216E Liquid Medium - BioReagent

Cat. No.: E1528524

QUALITÉ & PURETÉ BioReagent

Storage

Room temperature

Shipped In

Normal

Vue d’ensemble

For enrichment cultivation of marine bacteria.

Spécifications

Spécifications et pureté

BioReagent

Conditions de stockage de stockage

Room temperature

Expédié en

Normal

Grade

BioReagent

Product Line

Produits biologiques

Application Protocols

The following is general, literature-based guidance for using a ready-to-use 2216E-type liquid medium. It is not item-specific; verify any certificate of analysis (CoA) for lot-specific details.

• Basic cultivation

  1. Equilibrate medium to room temperature. Inspect for clarity; do not use if pre-inoculation turbidity/contamination is observed.
  2. Aseptically dispense into sterile culture vessels (e.g., 25–50 mL in 250 mL baffled flasks for good aeration).
  3. Inoculate with a marine sample or pure culture (aim OD600 ~0.02–0.05 for pure strains).
  4. Incubate at 20–28 °C with shaking 120–200 rpm. Monitor OD600 or plate serial dilutions on Marine Agar 2216.

• Environmental enumeration (MPN/HPN)

  1. Prepare 10-fold serial dilutions of the sample in 2216E medium.
  2. Incubate replicate tubes per dilution at the relevant temperature for 24–120 h (or longer for slow growers).
  3. Score turbidity and compute MPN using standard tables.

• Supplementation

  • Add selective antibiotics or inducers from sterile concentrated stocks (filter-sterilized, 0.2 µm). Keep solvent (e.g., DMSO/EtOH) ≤1–2% v/v to minimize growth inhibition.

• Downstream processing

  • For metabolomics/enzymology, pellet cells and wash with defined buffer to remove complex medium components before analysis.

Biological Roles

This product does not have a single biological role as a molecule; it functions as a nutrient environment to support microbial life.

• Functional intent (general)
  • Provides carbon, nitrogen, vitamins, and minerals tailored to the osmotic and ionic requirements of marine heterotrophs.
  • Marine salt composition approximates seawater, supporting membrane stability, enzyme function, and transport processes in marine microbes.
• Component roles (literature for 2216E-type media)
  • Peptones/yeast extract: Supply peptides, amino acids, B‑vitamins, and growth factors; promote recovery of mildly fastidious species.
  • Na+, Cl−, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, SO4 2−, HCO3 −: Maintain ionic strength and pH buffering similar to seawater; essential cofactors for many enzymes.
  • Trace elements: Support respiratory and redox enzymes; exact levels vary with formulation and water source.
• Use cases in microbiology/ecology
  • Isolation of environmental marine strains for taxonomy and genomics.
  • Enumeration of total culturable heterotrophs in environmental monitoring.
  • Pre-culture growth prior to inoculation into defined media for physiological assays.

Note: Composition and concentrations may vary by supplier and lot; for tightly controlled studies (e.g., metabolomics), verify performance and consider defined media.

Buffer Applications

2216E Liquid Medium is not designed as a buffering reagent for biochemical assays.

• General guidance
  • While marine media exhibit some intrinsic buffering capacity (from phosphate/carbonate and amino components, literature), their undefined composition and rich nutrients can confound enzymatic or spectroscopic assays.
  • For buffering needs, use defined biological buffers (e.g., HEPES, MOPS, phosphate) at appropriate ionic strengths; subsequently resuspend or wash cells grown in 2216E into the assay buffer.

In summary, use 2216E for cultivation, and switch to a defined buffer system for analytical applications.

Green Alternatives

While 2216E Liquid Medium is inherently aqueous and free of organic solvent processing in typical use, sustainability can be improved through preparation and workflow choices.

• Considerations and options (general)

  • Ready-to-use liquid vs powder: Liquid saves user preparation time and reduces autoclave energy if supplied sterile; powder reduces shipping mass/volume and packaging and allows on-demand preparation to minimize waste.
  • Sterilization energy: If sterile preparation is required, use energy-efficient autoclave cycles and batch preparation. Validate minimum effective cycle times.
  • Waste minimization: Prepare only volumes needed for near-term work. Consolidate partially used bottles to reduce expired waste (aseptically).
  • Reuse/repurpose: Non-inoculated, expired medium can be used for equipment leak testing or practice aseptic technique instead of disposal (where permitted).

• Comparison (general, qualitative) | Option | Pros | Cons | | --- | --- | --- | | Liquid 2216E (ready-to-use) | Time-saving, consistent, no dissolution step | Higher shipping footprint per liter; limited shelf life once opened | | Powdered 2216E | Lower shipping footprint; flexible batch size | Requires water quality control and sterilization energy | | Defined seawater media | Lower variability; tailored nutrients | May reduce growth breadth; more prep steps |

Choose format based on throughput, cold/hot chain constraints, and waste goals.

Pharmaceutical Uses

This product is for research use only and is not an excipient or clinical product.

• Typical roles in regulated settings (general, non-clinical)
  • Environmental monitoring and method development related to marine or high-salinity process waters.
  • Pre-culture growth of marine isolates used in discovery research (e.g., natural products screening) prior to downstream purification and analytical characterization.
• Pharmacopeial status: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

No therapeutic or clinical diagnostic claims are made for this medium. Any use in GMP environments would require independent qualification/validation and adherence to site procedures.

Physical Properties

This product is a ready-to-use liquid culture medium. Item-specific physicochemical specifications (pH, osmolality, conductivity, appearance) are not provided here.

• Appearance (item-specific): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• pH (literature, typical for 2216E): ~7.4–7.8 at 25 °C after sterilization; actual value may vary by manufacturer/lots. Not specified for this item.
• Ionic strength/salinity (literature): Formulated to approximate seawater (ca. 3–3.5% total dissolved salts). Not specified for this item.
• Density: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. (Aqueous media are generally near 1.00 g/mL.)
• Solubility: Fully aqueous; miscible with water. Organic solvent miscibility is limited and not relevant for intended use.
• Conductivity/osmolality: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. (Marine media typically show high conductivity consistent with seawater.)
• Refractive index: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Sterility: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet (users should handle aseptically regardless of status).

Practical notes (general):

• Avoid freezing–thawing cycles which may precipitate salts or denature organic components.
• If precipitates form upon cold storage, gentle warming and mixing typically redissolves salts; verify clarity and pH before use.

Quality and Grades

• Item-specific grade (from Product Data)

  • Grade: BioReagent.

• What BioReagent grade generally implies

  • Suitable for biological research applications where consistent nutrient composition and low levels of inhibitory contaminants are important.
  • Emphasis on performance (e.g., growth promotion for target organisms) rather than ultra-trace analytical impurity limits associated with analytical or LC–MS grades.

• Performance characteristics (general for 2216E-type media)

  • Designed to support aerobic cultivation and enumeration of marine heterotrophs from seawater, sediments, biofilms, and marine organisms.
  • Typical QC (literature) includes growth-promotion testing with representative marine strains. Item-specific acceptance criteria are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Stabilizers/antifoams/antibiotics

  • Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. Users should verify absence/presence of selective agents if downstream applications are sensitive.

• Practical guidance

  • For trace-metal or vitamin–sensitive studies, consider lot qualification since complex media contain undefined components.
  • For comparability across studies, record lot numbers and pre-use pH/salinity.

Reaction and Applications

As a life-science product, 2216E Liquid Medium is not used for chemical synthesis reactions. Its applications are microbiological and environmental.

• Primary applications (literature/general)
  • Cultivation, enrichment, and maintenance of marine heterotrophic bacteria from seawater, sediments, and marine organism surfaces.
  • Heterotrophic plate counts and most-probable-number (MPN) enumerations using the liquid medium for serial dilutions and enrichments prior to plating on marine agar 2216.
  • Recovery of mildly fastidious marine bacteria that require seawater-like salinity and complex nutrients (peptone/yeast extract).
  • Routine quality monitoring in aquaculture, ballast water studies, and biofouling research.
• Practical tips
  • Aeration: Many marine heterotrophs prefer aerobic, shaking incubation (e.g., 120–200 rpm) to maintain oxygenation; headspace-to-volume ratio ≥5:1 is helpful (general guidance).
  • Inoculum: For environmental samples with high salinity variance, acclimate by stepwise transfers to avoid osmotic shock.
  • Selectivity: For selective isolation, supplement with antibiotics or adjust salinity/temperature according to target taxa (literature practice). Avoid glucose overload that can favor fast-growing copiotrophs if seeking diversity.
  • Downstream compatibility: Complex media can interfere with certain biochemical assays; wash cells or switch to defined media for physiological measurements.

Reaction Conditions

For this product, “reaction conditions” correspond to cultivation conditions. The following parameters are literature-based, general guidance for Marine/2216E media and are not item-specific specifications.

• Temperature: Many marine heterotrophs grow at 15–30 °C; commonly 20–28 °C. Psychrophiles may require 4–15 °C; thermotolerant strains up to ~37 °C.
• Aeration: Shake flasks 120–200 rpm (25–50 mm orbit) with generous headspace. For high O2 demand, use baffles or sparging in bioreactors.
• Inoculation density: For pure cultures, start at OD600 ~0.02–0.05; for environmental enrichments, serially dilute (10-fold series) to isolate distinct populations.
• Incubation time: 12–72 h for fast growers; up to 7–14 days for slow-growing marine isolates.
• pH: Literature typical pH ~7.4–7.8; monitor drift during long incubations.
• Salinity: Maintain seawater-like salinity; avoid significant dilution with deionized water unless reconstituting salts accordingly.
• Sterility: Work aseptically; filter-sterilize heat-labile supplements (0.2 µm) and add after cooling to room temperature.

Outcome expectations (general)

• Turbidity increase and marine-like odor indicate growth; plate on Marine Agar 2216 for colony isolation.
• Yield varies widely by organism; copiotrophic strains can reach OD600 >1 in 24–48 h, whereas oligotrophs may remain low-density.

Safety and Handling

Safety and regulatory characteristics for this specific item (GHS classification, pictograms, hazard statements) are not listed here.

• GHS/SDS
  • Signal word: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
  • GHS classification/pictograms/H-statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• General laboratory safety (complex culture media)
  • PPE: Lab coat, gloves, and safety glasses recommended. Avoid ingestion and contact with eyes/skin.
  • Biohazard considerations: Although the medium itself is non-pathogenic, it is intended to support microbial growth. Treat all used medium and cultures as biohazardous; decontaminate by autoclaving (e.g., 121 °C, ≥20 min) or appropriate disinfectant prior to disposal.
  • Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers may degrade organic components; prolonged exposure to heat may cause Maillard reactions and color changes. Avoid contamination with heavy metals if downstream biological assays are metal-sensitive.
  • First aid (overview): If on skin/eyes, rinse with water. If inhaled as aerosol or ingested, seek medical advice. Refer to SDS for authoritative guidance.
• Handling practices
  • Work aseptically near a flame or in a biosafety cabinet to prevent contamination.
  • Do not use if turbid/contaminated prior to intended inoculation unless growth is expected.

Always consult the product SDS and institutional biosafety policies for definitive safety and waste management procedures.

Solvent Selection

This product is an aqueous, ready-to-use culture medium and does not require solvent selection for dissolution.

• Polarity and miscibility
  • Water-based; fully miscible with water. Not intended to be mixed with organic solvents for standard microbiological applications.
• Additives and supplements (general guidance)
  • Antibiotics, inducers, or carbon sources can be added via sterile, concentrated aqueous stocks. Filter-sterilize additives (0.2 µm) and add after the medium is at room temperature.
  • High concentrations of organic cosolvents (e.g., DMSO >1–2% v/v, ethanol >2–3% v/v) may inhibit growth of many marine isolates.
• Salinity considerations
  • Maintain ionic strength; avoid large dilutions with deionized water unless salinity is purposely adjusted. If dilution is necessary, supplement with appropriate marine salt mix to maintain seawater-like conditions (literature guidance).
• When to choose 2216E vs alternatives (literature)
  • Choose 2216E for general cultivation/enumeration of marine heterotrophs.
  • Consider defined seawater media when metabolic studies require known carbon/nitrogen sources.
  • Use low-nutrient seawater media for oligotrophic isolates that are inhibited by rich broths.

Storage and Reconstitution

• Storage conditions (from Product Data)
  • Store at room temperature. Protect from contamination and excessive heat. Avoid freezing unless the CoA explicitly permits.
• Shipping (from Product Data)
  • Shipped under normal conditions.
• Reconstitution
  • Not applicable; this is a liquid medium. If precipitates appear after cold exposure, warm to room temperature and mix to clarify before use (general guidance).
• Shelf life/expiry
  • Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. Use opened containers promptly and aseptically to avoid contamination.
• Handling after opening (general)
  • Work aseptically in a biosafety cabinet where appropriate. Flame-sterilize bottle necks or use sterile connectors. Consider aliquoting into sterile bottles to minimize repeated openings.
• Additives
  • Filter-sterilize heat-labile supplements (0.2 µm) and add using sterile technique. Record final concentrations and solvents.

Research use only: Not for human or animal therapeutic or diagnostic use.

Structure and Identity

2216E Liquid Medium (often referred to in the literature as “Marine Broth 2216/2216E” or “Zobell 2216E”) is a complex, undefined nutrient medium intended for cultivation of marine heterotrophic microorganisms. It is a multi‑component mixture rather than a single chemical substance; therefore conventional single‑molecule identifiers do not apply.

• Item-specific identifiers
  • CAS: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • SMILES: Not applicable (complex mixture).
  • InChIKey: Not applicable (complex mixture).
• Structural features (general, literature)
  • Comprised typically of peptone(s), yeast extract, and marine salts to emulate seawater ionic strength and micronutrients.
  • No defined stereochemistry or single ring system; contains a distribution of amino acids/peptides, vitamins, and inorganic salts.
• 2D description in words (general)
  • Aqueous solution containing a heterogeneous ensemble of small biomolecules (amino acids, peptides, carbohydrates, vitamins) dissolved with Na+, Cl−, Mg2+, SO4 2−, Ca2+, K+ and trace ions at salinities typical of seawater.

Note: Because this is a complex medium, identity is established by product name, grade, and performance characteristics rather than a unique chemical structure.

Synthetic Utility

Not typically applicable. 2216E Liquid Medium is a cultivation matrix rather than a synthetic building block or reagent.

• Contextual relevance (general)
  • Supports growth of marine microorganisms that may produce secondary metabolites of synthetic interest; isolates can be harvested and extracted for natural product discovery.
  • For biocatalysis screening, marine isolates grown in 2216E may be evaluated for enzyme activities; subsequently, switch to defined media to control cofactor and substrate backgrounds.

For organic and organometallic synthesis workflows, refer to appropriate anhydrous solvents and reagents; this medium is not used as a reaction solvent or reagent.

Target Specificity

Not applicable. This product is not an antibody, probe, or targeted affinity reagent. It is a general-purpose liquid medium that broadly supports the growth of marine heterotrophic microorganisms rather than a specific molecular target or epitope.