Recombinant Human GPR84 Protein: Properties & Research Guide

Recombinant Human GPR84 Protein is a research-grade recombinant form of the human G protein-coupled receptor 84, enabling scientists to investigate its roles in immune modulation, inflammatory signaling, and medium-chain fatty acid sensing.

Product Name

Recombinant Human GPR84 Protein

SKU

rp371601

Protein Family

G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR), Class A (Rhodopsin-like)

Primary Ligands

Medium-chain free fatty acids (C9–C14), including capric and lauric acid

Primary Expression Tissues

Immune cells (monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils), adipose tissue, lung

Research Applications

Binding assays, antibody validation, structural studies, drug screening, functional GPCR assays

Storage Recommendation

Store at -80 °C; avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles

Biological Background and Function of GPR84

GPR84, also known as EX33, is a member of the Class A (rhodopsin-like) G protein-coupled receptor superfamily encoded by the GPR84 gene on human chromosome 12q13.13. It is a seven-transmembrane domain receptor that signals primarily through Gi/o proteins, leading to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and reduction of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels.

GPR84 functions as a receptor for medium-chain free fatty acids (MCFAs), particularly those with carbon chain lengths of C9 to C14, such as capric acid (C10) and lauric acid (C12). This lipid-sensing role positions GPR84 at the interface of metabolic and immune signaling. The receptor is highly expressed in immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils, and is markedly upregulated during inflammatory states. GPR84 activation promotes pro-inflammatory cytokine release and enhances immune cell chemotaxis, making it a compelling target in inflammatory disease research.

Emerging evidence also implicates GPR84 in fibrotic processes in organs such as the lung, liver, and kidney, as well as in neuroinflammation. These diverse roles have stimulated significant interest in GPR84 as a therapeutic target, particularly for conditions such as metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and sepsis.

Product Specifications and Quality Attributes

Aladdin Scientific's Recombinant Human GPR84 Protein (SKU: rp371601) is produced using an appropriate recombinant expression system to yield a functional protein suitable for a range of in vitro research applications. The product is manufactured under controlled conditions with quality-control testing to ensure consistency between lots.

Key specifications researchers should verify upon receipt include:

• Purity: Confirmed by SDS-PAGE and/or HPLC analysis. Exact purity specification should be confirmed on the product datasheet or certificate of analysis (CoA).
• Formulation: Typically supplied in a buffered solution optimized for protein stability. Refer to the lot-specific CoA for exact buffer composition and protein concentration.
• Biological Activity: Activity may be assessed by ligand-binding assays or functional Gi/o signaling assays (e.g., HTRF cAMP assay). Consult the product datasheet for validated activity data.
• Endotoxin Level: Endotoxin content is controlled and should be confirmed on the CoA, particularly critical for cell-based and in vivo studies.

Researchers are strongly advised to review the current product datasheet (absea#PP-5742) and the lot-specific CoA available from Aladdin Scientific prior to experimental use.

Research Applications

Recombinant Human GPR84 Protein supports a broad range of research and drug discovery workflows:

• Ligand Binding Assays: The recombinant protein can be used in radioligand or fluorescence-based competition binding assays to characterize novel GPR84 agonists and antagonists, supporting structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies in GPCR drug discovery programs.
• Antibody Development and Validation: As an antigen, the recombinant protein facilitates the generation and specificity validation of anti-GPR84 antibodies for use in immunoassays such as ELISA, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry.
• Functional Signaling Studies: When incorporated into appropriate membrane or cell-free systems, the protein supports the study of GPR84-mediated Gi/o signaling cascades, including cAMP modulation, MAPK activation, and downstream transcriptional responses.
• Structural Biology: Purified recombinant GPR84 serves as a substrate for cryo-EM or X-ray crystallographic studies aimed at elucidating receptor structure and ligand-binding mechanisms.
• Inflammatory and Metabolic Disease Modeling: The protein enables in vitro mechanistic studies of GPR84's role in macrophage and neutrophil activation, cytokine production, and lipid-sensing pathways relevant to metabolic syndrome, fibrosis, and sepsis models.

Handling, Storage, and Reconstitution Guidelines

Proper handling of Recombinant Human GPR84 Protein is essential to preserve its structural integrity and biological activity. Follow these best-practice guidelines:

• Storage Temperature: Store the protein at -80 °C upon receipt. Short-term storage (up to 1 week) at 4 °C may be acceptable if the protein will be used immediately, but long-term storage must be at -80 °C.
• Aliquoting: Upon first thaw, aliquot the protein into single-use volumes appropriate for your experimental needs. This prevents repeated freeze-thaw cycles, which can cause protein aggregation, denaturation, and loss of activity.
• Freeze-Thaw Cycles: Limit freeze-thaw cycles to a maximum of two to three times. Each additional cycle can progressively degrade protein quality.
• Reconstitution: If supplied in lyophilized form, reconstitute with the volume of sterile ultrapure water or buffer specified on the CoA. Allow the vial to equilibrate at room temperature for 10–15 minutes before gently mixing by pipetting. Do not vortex.
• Carrier Protein: For very dilute working solutions, consider adding a carrier protein (e.g., 0.1% BSA) to minimize adsorption to plastic surfaces and maintain protein stability.
• Avoid Contamination: Use aseptic technique for all manipulations, particularly when the protein will be used in cell-based assays.

Always refer to the lot-specific CoA and product datasheet for formulation-specific handling instructions.

Regulatory Status and Quality Assurance

Recombinant Human GPR84 Protein (rp371601) from Aladdin Scientific is supplied for Research Use Only (RUO). It is not intended for use in diagnostic procedures, therapeutic applications, or clinical trials without appropriate regulatory authorization.

Aladdin Scientific's quality assurance program for recombinant proteins encompasses:

• Lot-release testing including purity assessment, identity confirmation, and activity verification.
• Provision of a Certificate of Analysis (CoA) for each lot, documenting tested parameters and results.
• Traceability documentation to support GLP-adjacent research environments where audit trails are required.

Researchers working in regulated environments should confirm whether additional qualification or validation of the reagent is required for their specific application. Contact Aladdin Scientific technical support for guidance on custom formulations, bulk quantities, or application-specific validation support.

Frequently asked questions

What is GPR84 and why is it a research target?

GPR84 is a Class A G protein-coupled receptor that acts as a sensor for medium-chain fatty acids (C9–C14) and is highly expressed in immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. It plays significant roles in inflammatory signaling, immune cell activation, and metabolic regulation. GPR84 has attracted attention as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases, metabolic syndrome, fibrosis (lung, liver, kidney), and neuroinflammation.

What expression system is used to produce Recombinant Human GPR84 Protein (rp371601)?

The specific expression system used for rp371601 should be confirmed on the current product datasheet or Certificate of Analysis available from Aladdin Scientific, as expression system details can vary by product formulation and lot. Common systems for GPCRs include mammalian, insect (baculovirus), and cell-free expression platforms. Please contact Aladdin Scientific technical support for the most up-to-date specification.

How should I store Recombinant Human GPR84 Protein to maintain its activity?

Store the protein at -80 °C upon receipt. Aliquot into single-use volumes before freezing to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, which degrade protein quality. Limit freeze-thaw cycles to no more than two to three times. If using a dilute working solution, add 0.1% BSA as a carrier protein to reduce surface adsorption. Always refer to the lot-specific CoA for formulation-specific guidance.

Can Recombinant Human GPR84 Protein be used for antibody validation?

Yes. Recombinant Human GPR84 Protein is suitable for use as an antigen in antibody validation workflows, including ELISA-based specificity testing, Western blot positive controls, and competitive inhibition assays. Its use as a well-characterized recombinant antigen helps confirm antibody specificity and sensitivity before proceeding to more complex biological samples.

Is Recombinant Human GPR84 Protein suitable for clinical or diagnostic use?

No. Recombinant Human GPR84 Protein (rp371601) is supplied for Research Use Only (RUO) and is not approved or validated for diagnostic, therapeutic, or clinical applications. Researchers requiring reagents for regulated applications should contact Aladdin Scientific to discuss requirements.

References

1. Wang J, et al. Identification of medium-chain free fatty acids as natural ligands for orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR84. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2006.
2. Marsango S, et al. GPR84: An orphan receptor with inflammatory functions. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2022.
3. Aladdin Scientific. Recombinant Human GPR84 Protein (rp371601) Product Datasheet. absea#PP-5742.

Products are supplied for research and development use only. Not for use in humans, animals, diagnosis, or therapy.