Silver nanoparticles dispersion - Concentration: 0.1 mg/ml, diameter: 100 nm

Cat. No.: S196435

GRADE & PURITY Concentration: 0.1 mg/ml, diameter: 100 nm

Synonyms

Silver nanoparticles dispersion

Storage

Room temperature

Shipped In

Normal

Specifications

Synonymes

Silver nanoparticles dispersion

Spécifications et pureté

Concentration: 0.1 mg/ml, diameter: 100 nm

Conditions de stockage de stockage

Room temperature

Expédié en

Normal

Application Protocols

No item‑specific tested applications or protocols are provided for this SKU. This product is not an antibody or assay kit; therefore, Western blot, IHC, IF, or flow cytometry protocols and dilutions are not applicable.

General starting points (literature/practice; verify with your sample and CoA):

• For catalysis screens: Prepare aqueous reaction mixtures under ambient conditions with measured volumes of the dispersion to achieve target Ag ppm; monitor by UV–vis, GC, or HPLC.
• For SERS: Clean substrates thoroughly, deposit a controlled volume of appropriately diluted dispersion, allow to dry slowly to form hot‑spots, and record spectra; optimize dilution and drying environment.
• For printed electronics: Formulate with compatible solvents/additives to achieve printability (viscosity/surface tension), print test patterns, and sinter under substrate‑safe conditions; measure sheet resistance.

Because particle size, ligand, concentration, and medium for this SKU are not specified, users should empirically optimize and document conditions for their specific application.

Biological Roles

This SKU is a materials science reagent and is for research use only.

General, non‑clinical information about silver/AgNP interactions in biological systems (literature; not product‑specific and not medical advice):

• Elemental silver has no essential biological role in humans or most organisms. Nanoparticulate silver can interact with biomolecules via its surface and via released Ag⁺ under oxidative conditions.
• Protein corona: In biological fluids, AgNPs rapidly adsorb proteins, forming a corona that alters colloidal stability, cellular uptake, and apparent bioactivity. Corona composition depends on size, surface chemistry, and medium.
• Chemical interactions: Silver binds strongly to thiol‑containing residues (cysteine, glutathione) and can disrupt disulfide exchange; Ag⁺ can coordinate to nucleobases and phosphate groups.
• Oxidative stress: Photo/oxidative conditions can induce Ag⁺ release and reactive oxygen species formation; outcomes depend on dose, surface chemistry, and cell type (literature).
• Transport and fate: Aggregation in high ionic strength media (e.g., saline) alters sedimentation and uptake; sulfidation (Ag₂S) reduces bioavailability.

Practical considerations for bio‑related experiments:

• Verify endotoxin and bioburden levels when working with cell systems (not specified for this item; request CoA/testing if needed).
• Use chloride‑controlled buffers to avoid uncontrolled AgCl precipitation; characterize size/zeta in the actual biological medium before experiments.
• Clearly distinguish between effects of the nanoparticle core, released Ag⁺, and stabilizer in study design.

Buffer Applications

AgNP dispersions are not buffers; however, buffer composition critically impacts their colloidal stability and performance.

General guidance (literature/practice; not product‑specific):

• Ionic strength: Elevated ionic strength compresses the electrical double layer and can induce aggregation. Titrate salt concentrations carefully.
• Chloride caution: Chloride forms insoluble AgCl. Standard PBS or saline can cause particle growth/precipitation and LSPR shifts. If physiological ionic strength is required, consider low‑chloride buffers or stabilize with robust capping agents (e.g., PVP) and verify stability empirically.
• pH effects: Surface charge and ligand ionization state vary with pH. Citrate‑capped AgNPs are typically most stable near neutral to mildly basic pH; extreme pH can strip ligands or etch particles.
• Common systems:
  • Citrate buffer (1–10 mM, pH 6–7): Provides both pH control and weak capping; good for optical studies.
  • Borate buffer (pH 8–9): Often used during synthesis; maintains negative charge on many caps.
  • Phosphate buffers: Can adsorb; at higher ionic strength may promote aggregation; test and adjust concentration.

Practical tips:

• Filter buffers (0.22 µm) and degas if performing optical measurements.
• Add buffer to dispersion slowly with stirring; monitor LSPR/DLS to confirm stability.
• Avoid multivalent anions (e.g., sulfate) without prior testing as they can bridge particles.

Green Alternatives

AgNP dispersions can be prepared and used in more sustainable ways. While this SKU’s exact formulation is not specified, consider the following greener choices and trade‑offs (general/literature):

• Greener media and stabilizers:

  • Use water as the dispersion medium when compatible with the stabilizer and application.
  • Prefer bio‑based or benign stabilizers (citrate, starch, dextran, gelatin) over persistent synthetic polymers when downstream removal is required.
  • Avoid halide‑rich systems to minimize AgX formation and waste.

• Synthesis considerations (for in‑house preparation/modification):

  • Employ ascorbate, glucose, or photochemical routes instead of hydrazine/strong reducing agents.
  • Use solvent‑free or flow photochemical reductions when feasible.

• End‑of‑life and waste:

  • Collect washings and spent dispersions for silver recovery (precipitation as AgCl then reduction, or ion exchange), reducing environmental burden and material cost.

Comparison (general guidance; not product specs):

• Aqueous citrate‑capped AgNPs: High EHS profile improvement; easy cleanup; may be less robust to ionic strength.
• PVP‑capped in ethanol/IPA: Good printing performance; flammable VOCs; polymer residue may hinder catalysis without post‑treatment.
• Oleylamine‑capped in toluene: Hydrophobic processing and film formation; poor EHS profile; more complex waste handling.

Balance selection against performance needs (conductivity, SERS enhancement, catalytic turnover) and institutional green‑chemistry goals.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No pharmacopoeial status or excipient role is specified for this item; it is supplied for research use only.

General R&D context for AgNPs in pharmaceutical and biomaterials research (non‑clinical; not product‑specific):

• Device and coating research: AgNPs are studied in material coatings for controlling surface properties of devices and packaging. Formulation variables include particle size, stabilizer compatibility with polymers, and leachability of Ag⁺.
• Analytical tools: AgNPs serve as SERS substrates and plasmonic labels for assay development and method validation.
• Process considerations: Inks and conductive traces for diagnostic devices can employ AgNP dispersions; curing/sintering temperatures must be compatible with substrates (e.g., PET, PI).
• Quality attributes for regulated environments: When used in analytical devices or process development, attention to residual solvents, bioburden/endotoxin, and trace ionic silver is essential. None of these parameters are specified for this SKU; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet if such use is intended.

Important: No therapeutic or clinical claims are made. This product is not intended for human or animal use beyond laboratory research settings.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physical properties (only what is provided):

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Concentration, particle size, polydispersity, capping agent, dispersing solvent: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General/literature properties for silver and AgNP dispersions (for context only; not product specifications):

• Bulk silver melting point: ~961.8 °C; nanoparticles exhibit size‑dependent melting point depression (literature).
• Bulk silver density: ~10.49 g/cm³ at 20 °C (literature). Effective density in dispersion depends on solvent and stabilizer, not meaningful as a single value.
• Solubility: Metallic Ag is insoluble in water and common organic solvents; AgNPs are dispersed (not dissolved) via surface stabilization. They can release Ag⁺ slowly under oxidative conditions (literature).
• Optical properties: AgNPs exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) with a characteristic UV–vis absorption band (typically 380–450 nm for small, spherical particles in water); exact λmax depends on size/shape/medium (literature).
• Electrical/thermal: High electrical and thermal conductivity characteristic of metallic silver; preserved to varying degrees in percolated films formed upon drying/sintering (literature).
• Zeta potential and hydrodynamic diameter govern colloidal stability; values are formulation‑dependent and are not specified for this item.

Note: For rigorous experimental planning (e.g., SERS, conductive inks, catalysis), obtain the exact particle size distribution, solvent/base matrix, solids wt%, and stabilizer identity from the item’s CoA/Spec Sheet.

Quality and Grades

Item-specific grade/purity provided: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

How quality is typically defined for silver nanoparticle dispersions (general guidance; verify against the item’s CoA):

• Particle metrics: Mean core size (TEM), size distribution (PDI by DLS), and shape (spherical, rods, plates). Narrow distributions and consistent morphology indicate higher quality.
• Concentration: Reported as wt% or mg/mL Ag (often corroborated by ICP‑OES/MS). Solid content accuracy is critical for reproducible film formation and catalysis.
• Surface chemistry: Identity and loading of stabilizer (e.g., citrate, PVP, PEG, oleylamine). Residual reductants/byproducts are typically limited.
• Colloidal stability: Zeta potential and stability testing across pH/ionic strength; absence of visible sediment over a defined period.
• Purity and contaminants: Residual ionic silver (Ag⁺), residual halides/sulfide, organic impurities (e.g., residual solvents/monomers), endotoxin/bioburden if applicable to bioanalytical use. Specific numeric limits are not specified for this item.
• Optical QC: UV–vis LSPR peak position/FWHM as a rapid proxy for size and agglomeration.

Implications for use:

• HPLC/UV applications: Low background absorbance of the medium is preferred.
• Printed electronics: Low organics that interfere with sintering; controlled particle size for low‑temperature conductivity.
• SERS/sensing: Tight control of size/shape and minimal free stabilizer to ensure hot‑spot formation.

For this SKU (S196435), consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for the definitive grade, stabilizer identity, size, concentration, and acceptance criteria.

Reaction and Applications

Manufacturer application notes: Not provided for this item.

General research applications of silver nanoparticle dispersions (literature/practice; not product‑specific):

• Catalysis: AgNPs catalyze a variety of transformations, notably:
  • Model reduction of 4‑nitrophenol to 4‑aminophenol with NaBH₄ in water (room temperature), where rate depends on particle size and surface coverage.
  • Oxidation of alcohols under O₂ or peroxide co‑oxidants (often supported AgNPs).
  • A3‑coupling (aldehyde‑alkyne‑amine) and related multicomponent reactions reported with AgNP catalysts.
• Plasmonics and sensing: Strong LSPR enables surface‑enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates, colorimetric assays, and refractive‑index‑based sensors. Aggregation state modulates optical response.
• Printed electronics: Conductive inks for flexible circuits, RFID antennas, and electrodes. Post‑print sintering coalesces particles to achieve low resistivity.
• Materials fabrication: Seed‑mediated growth of anisotropic Ag structures; template synthesis of core–shells; photonic crystals and metamaterials.
• Antifouling and surface coatings (research context): Integration into polymer matrices or thin films to modulate surface properties; evaluate leaching of Ag⁺ and stability.

Practical tips:

• Maintain colloidal stability during reactions (avoid high ionic strength unless intentional aggregation is desired).
• Remove excess stabilizer when high catalytic activity or electrical conductivity is needed (washing, ligand exchange, or post‑treatment).
• Characterize pre/post use (UV–vis, DLS, TEM, ICP) to correlate performance with morphology changes.

For item‑specific recommendations (loading, solvent, temperature), consult the CoA/Spec Sheet and SDS.

Reaction Conditions

No item‑specific reaction conditions are provided for this dispersion. The following are representative literature conditions for common AgNP uses; they are general guidance only and not product specifications.

• Model catalytic reduction (4‑nitrophenol → 4‑aminophenol):

  • Medium: Water at room temperature.
  • Reagents: Excess NaBH₄ (e.g., 0.1–1.0 mM 4‑NP; 10–100× molar excess BH₄⁻).
  • Catalyst: AgNPs at low ppm Ag relative to substrate; agitation to ensure mass transfer.
  • Monitoring: UV–vis decay at ~400 nm and growth at ~300 nm; pseudo‑first‑order kinetics often observed.

• Conductive ink curing (AgNP films on PET/PI):

  • Drying: Ambient to 60 °C to remove solvent.
  • Sintering: 80–200 °C for 5–60 min depending on particle size/ligand/substrate limits; photonic or microwave sintering used for heat‑sensitive substrates.
  • Outcome: Sheet resistance decreases with higher temperature/time; optimize to avoid substrate deformation.

• SERS substrate preparation:

  • Deposition: Drop‑cast or spin‑coat dilute AgNP dispersion onto clean glass/Si; allow controlled evaporation.
  • Analyte adsorption: 10⁻⁶–10⁻⁹ M probe molecules (e.g., thiols, dyes) in suitable solvent; dry and measure with 532–785 nm excitation.

• Oxidation of alcohols (heterogeneous):

  • Solvent: Toluene, acetonitrile, or water/organic mixtures.
  • Oxidant: O₂ or H₂O₂; base may be added.
  • Temperature: 25–80 °C; supported AgNPs commonly employed.

Always validate and adapt to the specific stabilizer, size, and concentration of this SKU (consult CoA/Spec Sheet).

Safety and Handling

Item-specific hazard information from Product Data:

• Signal word: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• H‑statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• GHS classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.

General safety considerations for silver nanoparticle dispersions (literature/good practice; defer to SDS for this SKU):

• Hazards: AgNPs may be hazardous to the aquatic environment and can cause irritation depending on the dispersant. Nanoparticles can generate reactive oxygen species under light/oxidative conditions and may release Ag⁺, which is toxic to aquatic organisms.
• PPE: Wear lab coat, safety glasses or goggles, and suitable gloves (nitrile commonly used). Use in a fume hood or ventilated enclosure to minimize aerosol generation, especially if aerosolization/sonication is anticipated.
• Handling: Avoid ingestion, inhalation of mists/aerosols, and skin/eye contact. Prevent uncontrolled drying that can create fine particulate residues; clean spills wet and avoid dry sweeping.
• Incompatibilities: Avoid strong oxidizers, halide‑rich media (Cl⁻ can form AgCl), sulfide/sulfur donors (Ag₂S formation), and complexing agents like ammonia which can dissolve Ag via [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺. Strong acids/bases or high ionic strength can destabilize the colloid.
• Environmental: Prevent release to drains; collect waste as hazardous nanomaterial waste per institutional policy.
• First aid (overview): If on skin/eyes, rinse with water for several minutes. If inhaled (aerosol), move to fresh air. If swallowed, rinse mouth. Seek medical attention if symptoms persist. Always consult the SDS for authoritative instructions for this product.

Solvent Selection

Item-specific dispersion medium is not specified; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet for the exact solvent/base matrix.

General guidance on solvent/media for AgNP dispersions (literature/practice):

• Common aqueous systems: Water with citrate, borate, or phosphate buffers; PVP‑stabilized AgNPs are often water‑miscible and tolerant to modest ionic strength. Note: Chloride can induce AgCl formation; monitor stability in PBS or saline.
• Common organic systems: Alcohols (ethanol, isopropanol) enable rapid drying for films/inks; glycols (ethylene/diethylene glycol) support polyol‑derived dispersions; nonpolar media (toluene, chlorobenzene) are used for oleylamine/thiol‑capped particles.
• Polarity and miscibility: Match the solvent to the capping ligand. Hydrophilic ligands (citrate, PVP, PEG) favor protic/polar media; hydrophobic ligands (thiols, amines) require nonpolar solvents. Co‑solvents can assist phase transfer after ligand exchange.
• Processing considerations:
  • Ink/formulation: Choose low‑residue, fast‑evaporating alcohols/esters for printing; include humectants (glycols) to control drying.
  • Catalysis: Aqueous dispersions are convenient for NaBH₄ reductions; alcohol/water mixtures can improve wetting and mass transfer.
  • Film conductivity: Lower‑boiling solvents speed drying; post‑deposition sintering temperature depends on particle size/ligand shell.

Simple comparison (general):

• Water: Green, safe, but sensitive to ions; slower drying.
• Ethanol/IPA: Fast drying, good for coatings; flammable.
• Glycols: High boiling, good for leveling; slow drying.
• Toluene: Suited to hydrophobic caps; volatile and less green.

Always verify compatibility of your chosen medium with the specific stabilizer and concentration of this SKU.

Storage and Reconstitution

From Product Data:

• Storage conditions: Room temperature.
• Shipped in: Normal.

Additional guidance (general best practices; not product‑specific):

• Protect from light to minimize photo‑oxidation and unintended Ag⁺ release, which can shift LSPR and promote aggregation.
• Do not freeze unless the CoA explicitly indicates freeze–thaw stability; freezing can cause irreversible agglomeration or phase separation.
• Keep container tightly closed to limit evaporation and contamination. Use clean, inert containers (glass or compatible polymer) and avoid chloride‑contaminated closures.
• Homogenization before use: Gently invert or roll the container; if needed, brief low‑power bath sonication can help re‑disperse soft sediments. Avoid probe sonication unless validated, as it can strip ligands or fragment particles.
• Avoid drying the dispersion unless film/coating preparation is intended; dried residues may be difficult to re‑disperse without ligand exchange.
• Stability is sensitive to pH and ionic strength; if dilution is required, use a solvent/buffer compatible with the stabilizer (consult CoA/Spec Sheet) and add slowly with stirring.

For definitive shelf life, allowable temperature excursions, and compatibility with specific buffers or substrates, refer to the product’s CoA and SDS.

Structure and Identity

Brief description: This product is a dispersion of metallic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), i.e., zero‑valent silver (Ag⁰) crystallites suspended in a liquid medium.

• Item-specific identifiers (from Product Data):

  • CAS: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • CID: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • InChIKey: Not applicable to metallic nanoparticles; elemental silver does not have a conventional molecular InChIKey in nanoparticulate form.
  • SMILES: Not applicable to metallic nanoparticles (SMILES is defined for discrete molecules; elemental silver as a metal lattice is not represented).

• Composition and structure (general/literature):

  • Element: Silver, symbol Ag, oxidation state 0 in the metallic core.
  • Crystal structure: Face‑centered cubic (fcc) lattice (literature).
  • Molecular formula: Ag (elemental silver; not a molecule).
  • Atomic weight (Ag): ~107.8682 g/mol (literature, IUPAC value for the element; nanoparticles consist of many Ag atoms).
  • Surface chemistry: Typically stabilized by adsorbed ligands (e.g., citrate, PVP, amines, thiols) or charges; specific capping agent for this item is not specified.

• 2D/structural features in words (general/literature):

  • Approximately spherical or anisotropic metallic cores composed of densely packed Ag atoms in an fcc array. The surface is partially covered by stabilizer molecules or counterions; the dispersion medium can be aqueous or organic. Exact core size, shape distribution, and capping ligand for this SKU are not specified; consult the CoA for item-specific morphology and stabilizer details.

Synthetic Utility

As a nanostructured metallic reagent, AgNP dispersions provide utility primarily as catalysts, plasmonic materials, and functionalizable surfaces rather than as stoichiometric building blocks.

General/literature utility (not product‑specific):

• Heterogeneous catalysis: Size‑ and ligand‑dependent activity for reductions (e.g., nitroarene to aniline with NaBH₄), selective oxidations, and multicomponent couplings (e.g., A3 coupling). Particles can be used neat, supported (e.g., on oxides, carbons), or embedded in polymers.
• Surface functionalization platform: Ag surfaces bind thiols, disulfides, and amines. Ligand exchange allows installation of functional monolayers (e.g., PEG‑thiol) for dispersion in targeted solvents or matrices.
• Plasmonic transducers: Tunable LSPR enables use as sensors (colorimetric readouts), SERS substrates, and photothermal/photocatalytic platforms.
• Conductive materials: Upon drying/sintering, AgNPs coalesce to form low‑resistivity traces for printed electronics and interconnects.

Practical considerations:

• Ligand shell management: Excess polymer/surfactant can block active sites or hinder sintering; washing or mild thermal/chemical treatments can improve performance.
• Thermal processing: Sintering temperature scales inversely with particle size and ligand robustness; monitor film resistivity vs. temperature/time to optimize.
• Reusability: For catalysis, recover particles by centrifugation or magnetically if co‑supported; characterize for agglomeration or oxidation prior to reuse.

Item‑specific parameters (size, ligand, solids %) are not specified; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet before designing synthetic workflows.

Target Specificity

Not applicable. This product is a materials science reagent (silver nanoparticles dispersion) and is not an antibody, probe, or assay reagent with defined biological target specificity. No target/epitope, clone, species reactivity, or isotype information is provided or relevant.