Bromide standard solution - 1000μg/ml in Water (20℃)

Cat. No.: B141210

GRADE & PURITY 1000μg/ml in Water (20℃)

Storage

Store at 2-8°C

Shipped In

Wet ice

Specifications

仕様と純度

1000μg/ml in Water (20℃)

保管条件

Store at 2-8°C

入荷

Wet ice

この製品は冷冷この冷このこの製品の運送が必要です。地上およびその他の経済サービスは利用できません。

Application Protocols

No item-specific, tested protocols are provided. Refer to your analytical method SOPs. General guidance for common applications is provided for convenience only:

• Ion chromatography (IC)
  • Prepare a multi‑level calibration curve bracketing expected sample concentrations. Use Class A glassware or gravimetric dilutions. Rinse autosampler vials with standard to minimize adsorption.
• Ion-selective electrode (ISE)
  • Prepare at least five standards spanning 2–3 orders of magnitude. Add ISA to standards and samples consistently. Plot EMF vs log[Br−] to confirm slope; perform standard additions for complex matrices.
• Quality control checks
  • Include calibration verification, continuing calibration checks, blanks, and matrix spikes per your QA plan.

All volumes, concentrations, and matrix modifiers should be taken from the CoA/Spec Sheet or your validated method. For research use only, as stated.

Biological Roles

This product is intended for analytical calibration; it is not designed for biological assays. The following points describe general, literature‑based information about bromide in biological systems and are not specific to this item.

• Bromide in biology (general)

  • Bromide (Br−) is a naturally occurring halide in extracellular fluids and seawater. It can permeate through certain anion channels and transporters that handle halides.
  • Bromide serves as a substrate/participant in haloperoxidase‑mediated reactions that form hypobromous acid (HOBr) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, relevant to innate chemical defenses and enzymatic crosslinking chemistry.
  • Emerging literature has suggested a role for bromide in extracellular matrix biology via peroxidasin‑mediated formation of sulfilimine crosslinks in collagen IV; bromide availability can influence this enzymatic pathway in model systems.

• Analytical relevance

  • In biomedical and environmental research, bromide is monitored as a tracer for fluid movement and as a marker of seawater intrusion or disinfectant byproduct chemistry.
  • Accurate calibration standards are essential for quantifying bromide in matrices such as serum, urine, natural waters, and process streams.

No medical, diagnostic, or therapeutic uses are claimed or implied for this product. For research use only, as stated in the product data.

Buffer Applications

Bromide standard solutions are not buffers and are not typically used to control pH. Accordingly, there are no buffer system recipes specific to this item.

Practical notes (general):

• In electrochemical assays using bromide ion‑selective electrodes, an ionic strength adjuster (ISA) may be added to both standards and samples to control activity coefficients; this is not a buffer but serves to maintain constant ionic strength.
• If your analytical method requires a specific pH, prepare or select an appropriate buffer system (e.g., phosphate, carbonate) separately and verify that it does not oxidize or otherwise alter bromide.

Refer to your method SOPs for any matrix modifiers or pH conditions; none are specified for this item.

Green Alternatives

This product is an aqueous inorganic standard, which is generally favorable from a green chemistry standpoint compared with organic solvent‑based standards. Nevertheless, sustainability can be improved through careful practice.

• Greenness of aqueous bromide standards (general)

  • Minimal VOC emissions and low flammability relative to organic standards.
  • Typically compatible with water‑based analytical techniques (IC, ISE), reducing hazardous solvent waste.

• Opportunities to improve environmental profile

  • Concentrate and dilute on‑site: Purchasing higher‑concentration stock (if available) and preparing working standards reduces packaging and shipping mass. Ensure metrological traceability is maintained.
  • Use refillable glassware and recycle containers where facilities exist; label and segregate halide‑containing aqueous waste for appropriate treatment.
  • Right‑size ordering to minimize expired material.

• Comparison (general)

  • Solid primary standards (e.g., high‑purity NaBr) can be greener for shipping and storage but shift the burden to the user to ensure gravimetric preparation accuracy, uncertainty estimation, and contamination control.
  • Ready‑to‑use aqueous standards reduce user exposure to powders and improve reproducibility but entail transport of water and cold‑chain energy in some cases.

• Tradeoffs to note

  • Aqueous halide solutions are stable but may still have defined shelf lives; disposing of expired standards contributes to waste. Plan usage to match expiration.

Consult your CoA/SDS for disposal recommendations and align with institutional green lab practices.

Pharmaceutical Uses

This product is an analytical standard for laboratory use and is not an excipient or active ingredient. No pharmacopeial status or monograph alignment is specified for this item.

General, non‑clinical context:

• Analytical QC
  • Bromide standards can be used to calibrate methods for residual halide determination, raw material characterization, or environmental monitoring associated with pharmaceutical manufacturing (e.g., cleaning validation rinse waters, utility waters, or process streams where halides may be present).
• Method development/validation
  • Useful for establishing linearity, accuracy (recovery), precision, and robustness of ion chromatography or ISE methods that include bromide as an analyte.
• System suitability and calibration verification
  • Can serve as an external standard for periodic checks of retention time, response factor, and detector stability in validated methods.

No therapeutic, diagnostic, or clinical claims are made for this product. Consult the CoA to determine concentration, matrix, and uncertainty if using this standard in GMP‑adjacent settings, and ensure it meets your quality system requirements.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physical properties (concentration, density, refractive index, pH, etc.) are not provided in the product data for this solution.

• Item-specific values

  • Concentration: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Matrix/solvent: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet (commonly water for such standards).
  • Density, pH, conductivity, refractive index: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• General/literature notes for aqueous bromide standards (reference, not item-specific)

  • Physical state: Clear, colorless aqueous solution when prepared in purified water.
  • Density: Typically close to water and increases with analyte concentration (literature: ~1.00–1.05 g/mL for dilute salt solutions at 20–25 °C, depending on concentration).
  • Solubility: Halide salts such as NaBr and KBr are highly water soluble; bromide remains fully dissociated in water.
  • Conductivity: Increases proportionally with bromide concentration due to high ionic mobility (literature behavior for monovalent halides).
  • Vapor pressure/boiling point: Governed by the aqueous matrix; behave similarly to water within the practical range; solute elevates boiling point slightly and depresses freezing point (colligative effects).

• Practical implications

  • For precise volumetric or gravimetric dilutions, use temperature‑corrected density from the CoA, if provided.
  • When preparing calibration curves, equilibrate solutions to a controlled temperature to minimize density and conductivity variation.

Always defer to the CoA for lot‑specific physical data and to the SDS for safety‑related physicochemical properties.

Quality and Grades

• Item-specific grade/purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Context for bromide standard solutions (general guidance, not item-specific):

• Analytical standards are often prepared gravimetrically from high‑purity starting materials (e.g., NaBr, KBr) in high‑purity water. Important quality attributes include:
  • Traceability: Standards may be traceable to national metrology institutes (e.g., NIST) with stated uncertainty. Check the CoA for traceability statements and measurement uncertainty.
  • Matrix specification: Water type (e.g., 18.2 MΩ·cm), potential preservatives, and ionic strength modifiers should be disclosed when relevant to the intended method (IC, ISE, ICP‑OES/MS).
  • Impurity profile: Levels of other halides (Cl−, I−), metals, and organics can affect baseline and response factors. Low background is desirable for trace analysis.
  • Concentration verification: Typically determined gravimetrically and/or by independent titrimetric/ICP methods. The CoA should list the certified value, expanded uncertainty, and coverage factor.
  • Stability and homogeneity: Lot qualification includes short‑ and long‑term stability studies; storage temperature and expiration date should be observed.

What this means for this product

• Use the CoA to align the standard’s stated concentration and matrix with your method validation parameters.
• If low UV absorbance is relevant (e.g., for suppressed IC with UV detection), confirm UV background on the CoA, as it is not specified here.
• For regulated work, retain the CoA and any traceability certificates with your analytical records.

Reaction and Applications

Primary use is analytical calibration and method verification rather than chemical synthesis.

Analytical applications (general, not item-specific):

• Ion chromatography (IC)
  • Prepare multi‑point calibration curves for Br−. Employ matrix‑matched diluents and suppressor‑compatible conditions. Track retention time stability and peak symmetry; evaluate interference from nitrite, chlorite, and organic acids.
• Ion-selective electrode (ISE)
  • Generate calibration standards spanning the expected activity range (e.g., 10−6 to 10−1 M). Use an ionic strength adjuster (ISA) consistently; apply the Nernst equation to verify slope (~59 mV/decade at 25 °C; literature) and perform standard additions in complex matrices.
• ICP‑OES/ICP‑MS (as total bromine)
  • Some methods quantify bromine after oxidation to Br−/BrO3− or via reaction cell chemistry. Use appropriate internal standards and collision/reaction gas settings; beware of polyatomic interferences.
• Titrimetry
  • Potentiometric or argentometric determinations using AgNO3 can quantify bromide; adsorption indicators (e.g., fluorescein derivatives) or potentiometric endpoints improve accuracy.
• Quality control
  • Perform calibration verification (CCV), laboratory control spikes (LCS), and matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate (MS/MSD) to assess recovery and precision.

Practical notes

• Use high-purity water and clean containers to minimize chloride contamination.
• Validate linearity, LOQ/LOD, and carryover for your method.
• Store and handle standards to avoid evaporation and contamination; replace working standards on a defined schedule per your lab’s QA plan.

All numerical concentrations and uncertainties should be taken from the item’s CoA.

Reaction Conditions

This product is not intended for use as a reactant; therefore, specific reaction conditions are not applicable.

Analytical usage conditions (general, for context only):

• Ion chromatography
  • Typical mobile phases for anion IC include carbonate/bicarbonate or hydroxide eluents; suppressed conductivity detection is common. Column temperature control (e.g., 30 °C) and guard columns improve reproducibility.
• Ion-selective electrode
  • Calibrate across the expected concentration range at constant temperature (e.g., 20–25 °C). Use an ionic strength adjuster consistently; confirm Nernstian slope.
• Titrimetry
  • Potentiometric titration with AgNO3 under inert or ambient conditions can quantify Br−; avoid oxidizing conditions that form Br2.

These are general literature practices and not specifications for this item. For method‑specific conditions, consult your SOPs and the CoA for concentration and matrix details.

Safety and Handling

• GHS classification, signal word, pictograms, and H-statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.

General safety guidance for aqueous bromide standards (reference only):

• Hazards

  • Aqueous halide salt solutions are typically of low flammability; primary risks relate to ingestion, eye/skin irritation with concentrated salts, and potential environmental concerns at scale.
  • Avoid mixing with strong oxidizers and strong acids in the presence of oxidants; bromide can be oxidized to elemental bromine (Br2), a corrosive, volatile halogen.

• PPE and handling

  • Wear appropriate PPE: lab coat, safety glasses, and chemical‑resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile). Use splash protection when handling larger volumes or preparing dilutions.
  • Work in a well‑ventilated area; for any procedures involving oxidants or acidification, use a fume hood.

• Storage incompatibilities

  • Keep away from oxidizing agents (e.g., hypochlorite, permanganate), strong acids plus oxidizers, and reactive halogenating systems.
  • Store in clean, inert containers with tight closures to avoid contamination and evaporation.

• First-aid overview (defer to SDS)

  • Skin/eye contact: Rinse with water for several minutes; remove contaminated clothing.
  • Ingestion/inhalation: Rinse mouth, move to fresh air; seek medical advice if symptoms persist.

• Spill/response

  • Small spills: Absorb with inert material; collect for disposal according to local regulations. Prevent release to drains in sensitive areas.

Always consult the product SDS for authoritative hazard classification and first‑aid instructions.

Solvent Selection

• Item-specific solvent/matrix: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. Aqueous matrices are standard for bromide calibration solutions.

General considerations for selecting/using matrices with bromide standards (reference):

• Polarity and dielectric
  • Water (ε ~78 at 25 °C; literature) ensures complete dissociation and high ionic conductivity, ideal for IC, ISE calibration, and potentiometric titration.
• Miscibility and compatibility
  • Fully miscible with water; if your samples contain organic content (e.g., methanol), matrix‑match standards to mitigate activity coefficient differences.
• Ionic strength and pH
  • Maintain pH near neutral for stability and comparability; avoid acidifying in the presence of oxidants to prevent Br2 formation. For ISE work, use ionic strength adjuster (ISA) consistently across standards and samples.
• When to choose this standard vs alternatives
  • Use bromide standards for method development and calibration in environmental, geochemical, and pharmaceutical analyses where Br− is a target analyte.
  • For multi‑anion methods, separate single‑analyte standards simplify calibration verification and spike recovery tests.

Comparison (general)

• Bromide vs chloride/iodide standards: Bromide exhibits intermediate mobility/polarizability; retention and response in IC differ from Cl− and I−, so analyte‑specific calibration is required.

Practical tips

• Equilibrate standards to analysis temperature.
• Use Class A glassware or gravimetric dilution, and document dilution factors.

Storage and Reconstitution

• Storage conditions (item-specific)

  • Store at 2–8 °C. Shipped on wet ice. Protect the container from contamination and ensure a tight seal to prevent evaporation and concentration drift.

• Stability/expiry

  • Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet for shelf life and any in‑use stability guidance.

• Light/oxidation

  • General guidance: Keep away from oxidizers and avoid acidification in the presence of oxidants to prevent formation of elemental bromine. Normal laboratory lighting is typically acceptable for bromide solutions; amber storage can be used as a conservative practice if specified by your QA system.

• Reconstitution/dilution

  • If supplied as a ready‑to‑use standard, no reconstitution is required. If dilution to working levels is needed, use freshly prepared, high‑purity water (e.g., 18.2 MΩ·cm) and Class A or gravimetric techniques. Item‑specific dilution instructions are not provided; refer to the CoA.

• Handling practices

  • Allow the bottle to equilibrate to room temperature before opening to avoid condensation ingress.
  • Record the opening date and track usage against the expiration date; prepare smaller working aliquots if frequent access is expected.

Always follow the product’s CoA and SDS for definitive storage and handling instructions.

Structure and Identity

This product is an inorganic bromide standard solution intended for analytical calibration. It contains bromide anion (Br−) in an aqueous matrix; the exact counter‑ion, concentration, and matrix are not specified for this item.

• Item-specific identifiers

  • Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • CAS, InChIKey, SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• General/literature identifiers for the bromide anion component (for reference only, not item-specific)

  • Species: bromide anion, Br−
  • SMILES (bromide): [Br-]
  • Inorganic, monatomic anion; no stereochemistry; no ring systems.

• Structural features (general)

  • Bromide is a spherical, monovalent halide ion with a diffuse electron cloud relative to chloride, conferring higher polarizability.
  • In aqueous media, Br− is fully solvated and remains as a free ion under typical analytical conditions.

• Description of 2D structure (general)

  • Single atom “Br” bearing a formal negative charge; no covalent bonds present. In solution, it is paired electrostatically with an unspecified counter‑cation (e.g., Na+, K+, etc.; not specified for this product).

Note: Because this is a solution mixture and product‑specific identifiers are not provided above, consult the Certificate of Analysis (CoA) or Specification Sheet for exact concentration, counter‑ion, and matrix details used in your lot.

Synthetic Utility

Bromide standard solutions are designed for analytical calibration, not for use as reagents in synthetic transformations.

General observations (reference):

• While bromide ions participate broadly in organic and inorganic chemistry (e.g., as leaving groups in nucleophilic substitution, counter‑ions in phase‑transfer catalysis, or components in halogen exchange), the dilute, aqueous format of a calibration standard makes it unsuitable for most preparative chemistry needs.
• For synthetic applications requiring bromide, solid bromide salts (e.g., LiBr, NaBr, KBr, tetrabutylammonium bromide) or organobromides are typically selected, with solvent and concentration optimized for the transformation.

Recommendation

• Use this product exclusively for calibration, spike recovery, and method verification. Select an appropriate bromide reagent grade salt or organobromide for synthetic purposes, considering water content, particle size, and trace metal specifications relevant to your reaction.

No item-specific synthetic guidance is applicable beyond its analytical use case.

Target Specificity

Not applicable. This product is a chemical standard solution and is not a biological targeting reagent (e.g., antibody, probe, or ligand). No antigen, epitope, clone, isotype, or species reactivity information applies.

よくある質問

How should this product be stored?

Store at 2–8 °C. Refrigerated storage is required to maintain the specified shelf life.

How is this product shipped?

This product ships chilled on wet ice. Unpack on arrival and transfer it to the storage condition stated above.

What documentation is provided?

Available product documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (COA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and specification sheets, is shown in the product document area. Document availability and access follow the current site policy.