GRADE & PURITYMoligand™?Moligand™ — Aladdin's line of ligands and bioactive small molecules. Use for receptor, pathway, and binding studies needing defined small-molecule tools.
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Application Protocols
No vendor-validated protocols are provided for this item. The following general procedures are commonly used to handle small molecules in screening workflows; verify and adapt to your assay.
DMSO stock preparation (general guidance)
Allow vial to equilibrate to room temperature in a desiccator.
Briefly centrifuge to collect solids. Weigh accurately.
Add anhydrous DMSO to achieve a desired concentration (e.g., 10–50 mM). Vortex and sonicate gently if needed.
Aliquot into low-bind, amber tubes or 96/384-well storage plates. Seal to minimize moisture uptake.
Working solution dilution
Add the DMSO stock to buffer/media to the desired final concentration, keeping final DMSO ≤0.5–1.0% v/v unless your assay tolerates more. Mix thoroughly and inspect for precipitation.
Plate-based screening considerations
Include vehicle-only controls, positive/negative controls as appropriate, and randomized layouts to mitigate edge effects.
For light-sensitive compounds, use amber plates or minimize exposure.
Analytical verification
Confirm concentration by UV or LC, and verify integrity by LC-MS before and after the assay window.
These are general laboratory practices and do not constitute product-specific, validated protocols.
Biological Roles
Item-specific biological targets, pathways, or mechanisms are not provided in the Product Data for this listing. The following guidance is general to small-molecule screening entries and should not be construed as functional claims for this item.
Research context
As a Moligand™ compound, DC-159a may be deployed by researchers as a test article in phenotypic or target-based assays to probe biological responses, subject to independent verification of identity, purity, and solubility.
Target information
No target specificity, binding constants, or mode-of-action data are specified for this item; consult primary literature associated with PubChem CID 11590217 for background if required. Literature information, if found, is not part of the product specification.
Assay considerations
Validate absence of assay interference (e.g., fluorescence quenching, redox activity, colloidal aggregation) using appropriate counter-screens.
Maintain consistent vehicle controls (e.g., matched DMSO) and verify compound stability under assay conditions (light, oxygen, temperature, pH).
Metabolism/stability
No metabolic or stability data (microsomal stability, plasma stability, permeability) are provided for this item.
Research use only
This product is designated For research use only. It is not intended for human or veterinary use, diagnostic procedures, or as a drug substance/excipient.
Buffer Applications
This product is a discrete small molecule rather than a buffering agent. No buffer capacity or pKa data are provided.
Applicability
Not typically used to formulate buffer systems. Instead, select established buffers (e.g., PBS, HEPES, Tris) appropriate for your assay and then introduce the compound from a DMSO or ethanol stock at low final solvent percentage.
Practical notes
Pre-screen compatibility of the compound with your chosen buffer (precipitation, adsorption to plastics, stability over time).
Filter or centrifuge assay plates if precipitation is suspected after dilution.
Item-specific buffer-related specifications are not available; refer to your assay SOPs.
Green Alternatives
Because DC-159a is supplied as a discrete small molecule for screening (not a process solvent or bulk reagent), "green alternatives" pertain mainly to solvent choices and handling during solution preparation, analytics, and any synthetic follow-up. The following are general, literature-based considerations; none are product specifications.
Prefer greener solvents for operations around this compound
For extractions/workups: Ethyl acetate and isopropanol often replace dichloromethane or diethyl ether where feasible.
For chromatography: Heptane/EtOAc systems can reduce halogenated solvent use compared with hexane/CH2Cl2.
For stock solutions: Aqueous buffer with minimal DMSO or ethanol co-solvent is preferable for assay compatibility and EHS profile, when solubility allows.
Illustrative comparison (general guidance)
DCM vs EtOAc: EtOAc is less toxic and has better EHS metrics but lower density; may require method optimization.
THF vs 2-MeTHF/CPME (for any synthesis involving the scaffold): 2-MeTHF or CPME can offer reduced peroxide formation and improved sustainability; applicability is case-dependent.
DMF/NMP vs alternatives: Avoid where possible due to reproductive toxicity concerns; consider MeCN, EtOAc, or green alcohols for analytics/sample handling when compatible.
Practical steps
Minimize organic solvent volumes during stock preparation and use micro-volume, sealed formats to reduce emissions.
Implement solvent recovery where applicable in method development.
Note: No item-specific solvent constraints are provided; suitability must be verified experimentally.
Pharmaceutical Uses
No pharmacopeial status, excipient role, or manufacturing specification is provided for this item.
Scope of use
For research use only. Not for use as an API, dosage-form component, or excipient.
Formulation context (general research guidance)
If used in preclinical research experiments, prepare qualified DMSO or ethanol stock solutions and dilute into compatible media/buffers while maintaining low final solvent concentrations and appropriate controls.
Regulatory note
There are no claims of compliance with USP/EP/JP monographs or cGMP manufacturing for this item. Any use beyond basic research would require independent qualification and regulatory review by the user.
Please consult the CoA and SDS for quality and safety details relevant to laboratory research. Avoid any clinical or diagnostic application.
Physical Properties
Item-specific physicochemical data are not provided in the Product Data for this listing.
Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Melting point (MP): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Boiling point (BP): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Density: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Solubility: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
LogP/logD, pKa, refractive index, UV cutoff: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
General guidance (literature/practice; not item specifications)
Small, drug-like heteroaromatics are typically handled as solids or oils and are commonly prepared as concentrated DMSO stock solutions (e.g., 10–50 mM) for screening. Actual solubility should be confirmed experimentally.
If DMSO solubility is limited, mixed co-solvent systems (DMSO:water, DMSO:PEG-400, or DMSO:EtOH:water) can be screened. Perform a solubility check by incremental dilution and visual inspection for precipitation.
For photolabile or air-sensitive chemotypes, minimize light/air exposure until stability is known. No such sensitivities are specified for this item.
Important note
Do not treat any literature or generalized values as product specifications. For batch-specific numerical properties, consult the CoA/Spec Sheet and SDS.
Quality and Grades
Item grade (from Product Data): Moligand™.
What Moligand™ typically implies (general description; not item-specific guarantees)
Intended use: Discovery chemistry and screening applications where small-molecule identity and baseline purity support assay use in medicinal chemistry workflows.
Typical expectations for similar library-grade materials (refer to the batch CoA for this item):
Identity confirmation by at least one spectrometric method (e.g., MS) and chromatographic purity by HPLC/UPLC. Exact methods, thresholds, and acceptance criteria are not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Salt form, solvate/hydrate state, and counterions (if any) should be disclosed on the CoA.
UV absorbance, residual solvents, water content, metals, and stabilizers: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Practical guidance
If your application is purity-sensitive (e.g., biophysical binding assays, crystallography), request the latest CoA and consider in-house QC (orthogonal HPLC method, HRMS, NMR) upon receipt.
For long assay campaigns, secure a single lot to maintain continuity and minimize variability.
Disclaimer
Do not treat any of the above as specifications. Only the CoA/Spec Sheet accompanying your lot defines the quality attributes for this product.
Reaction and Applications
This product is offered as a Moligand™ small-molecule entry for research and screening; it is not primarily intended as a synthetic reagent. No item-specific reactivity or application data are provided.
General research uses (non-exhaustive; practice-based, not item specifications)
Chemical biology and medicinal chemistry screening: Evaluate as a discrete test article in phenotypic or target-based assays after preparing qualified stock solutions.
Reference material controls: Potential use as an internal or external control in analytical methods once identity/purity are verified by the user. No such role is specified for this item.
SAR exploration: If structure is available (see PubChem CID 11590217), analog development and profiling may be undertaken by the researcher; such activities are outside the scope of this catalog entry.
Practical tips for small-molecule assay deployment
Verify identity and purity (e.g., LC-MS, HPLC) prior to biological testing.
Establish solubility/aggregation limits by serial dilution and light scattering or visual inspection; include detergent (e.g., 0.01% Tween-20) cautiously if assay permits.
Control for DMSO concentration across wells; fix final DMSO content for all conditions.
No specific named synthetic or catalytic applications (e.g., cross-coupling, organocatalysis) are claimed for this item.
Reaction Conditions
No reaction condition data (as reagent/catalyst) are provided for this item, and it is not positioned as a synthetic reagent.
General guidance for handling as a test article (not specifications)
Stock preparation: Dissolve in anhydrous DMSO to a convenient concentration (e.g., 10–50 mM), then dilute into assay buffer or media with vigorous mixing. Verify absence of precipitation.
Stability checks: Evaluate solution stability at room temperature and 4 °C over relevant assay timeframes; protect from light if chromophoric.
Analytical controls: Use LC-MS/HPLC to confirm integrity before and after incubations under your assay conditions.
If you intend to use the compound in a chemical transformation (e.g., as a substrate or starting material), the required conditions will be entirely scaffold-dependent and must be developed empirically based on structural data obtained from primary literature. None are specified for this item.
Safety and Handling
Safety information specific to this item is not provided in the Product Data and must be confirmed on the SDS for your received lot.
GHS classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
Signal word / H-statements / Pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
General laboratory precautions (good practice; not item-specific safety classification)
Handle in a chemical fume hood, avoiding inhalation, ingestion, and skin/eye contact. Wear lab coat, nitrile gloves, and safety glasses or face shield.
Unknown toxicity: Treat as potentially harmful. Avoid aerosol generation; use closed containers for weighing and solution prep.
Incompatibilities: Until known, avoid strong oxidizers, strong acids/bases, and reactive reducing agents. Do not heat or concentrate solutions to dryness without evaluating thermal stability.
First aid (overview; defer to SDS):
Skin/eye contact: Rinse with water for at least 15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical evaluation.
Inhalation: Move to fresh air; monitor respiration; seek medical attention if symptoms occur.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek medical attention.
Waste: Collect in appropriate organic waste streams according to institutional and regulatory requirements.
Always consult the official SDS for authoritative hazard classification, PPE, spill response, and disposal guidance before use.
Solvent Selection
Item-specific solubility data are not provided. The following are general, practice-based considerations for small-molecule screening compounds; verify experimentally for this item.
Primary stock solvent
DMSO (anhydrous) is the default for discovery screening libraries due to broad solubilizing power and compatibility with most biochemical and cell-based assays at ≤0.5–1% v/v.
Secondary/co-solvent strategies
If solubility is limited: try DMF or NMP (for stock only), or co-solvent mixes (DMSO:water, DMSO:PEG-400, EtOH:water with a small % DMSO).
Gentle warming (≤40 °C) and sonication can aid dissolution; avoid prolonged heating.
Aqueous buffers
Many drug-like molecules have poor direct aqueous solubility. Prepare a concentrated DMSO stock, then dilute into buffer with vigorous mixing to final DMSO ≤0.5% v/v. Watch for precipitation.
Volatile organics (for synthetic handling)
When executing analytical sample prep or extractions, MeCN, MeOH, and EtOAc are common choices. Select based on analyte polarity and downstream detection.
Comparison snapshot (general)
DMSO: Highest solvating ability; low volatility; assay-compatible at low %.
DMF/NMP: Strong solvents for stubborn solutes; less assay-friendly; consider only for intermediate stock prep.
EtOH/MeOH: Useful co-solvents; higher assay compatibility but lower solvating power than DMSO.
Note: No item-specific solvent recommendations are specified; confirm with small-scale solubility tests.
Shipping: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
General guidance for small-molecule screening entries (not specifications)
Solid storage
Keep tightly closed in original container, protected from moisture. Store in a desiccator at room temperature unless the CoA specifies otherwise.
Minimize light exposure until photostability is known.
Reconstitution/stock solution
Prepare concentrated stock in anhydrous DMSO (commonly 10–50 mM) or another suitable solvent after verifying solubility. Filter (0.2 µm PTFE) if particulate persists.
Aliquot stocks to avoid repeated freeze–thaw. For best stability, store aliquots at −20 to −80 °C if compatible with your workflow; thaw at room temperature before use. Note: These are general practices; no item-specific stability data are provided.
Stability
No item-specific stability or shelf-life data are provided; monitor by LC-MS/HPLC periodically.
Always defer to the SDS and the lot-specific CoA/Spec Sheet for authoritative storage, handling, and stability information.
Structure and Identity
Brief overview: DC-159a is listed as a small-molecule entry in our compound library (Moligand grade). Item-specific structural identifiers are largely not provided in the product record.
Product identifiers (from Product Data)
SKU: D609756
Product Name: DC-159a
Category: Small molecules & compound libraries (research screening use)
CAS: D609756 (as listed; non-standard CAS format)
PubChem CID: 11590217 (reference only; consult original source for structure)
InChIKey: 55680 (as listed; note that standard InChIKeys are typically 27 characters)
SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Structural description
Item-specific functional groups, ring systems, stereochemistry: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Literature note: DC-159a is cited in medicinal chemistry literature as a discrete small molecule. For authoritative structural details (2D structure, stereochemistry, identifiers), consult peer-reviewed sources and the PubChem record (CID 11590217). These literature values are not part of the item specification.
Interpretation guidance
Where a conflict exists between catalog summaries and third-party databases, prioritize the CoA/Spec Sheet accompanying the batch you receive.
If your workflow requires definitive identifiers (e.g., exact SMILES/InChI), request the current CoA before ordering.
Synthetic Utility
This product is offered as a finished small molecule for screening rather than as a functionalized building block. No reactive handles, protecting groups, or synthetic roles are specified in the Product Data.
General considerations (for researchers exploring derivatization; literature-based, not item specifications)
If structural information is obtained from primary sources (e.g., PubChem CID 11590217), retrosynthetic planning may reveal positions amenable to diversification for SAR. Applicable transformations (electrophilic aromatic substitution, cross-coupling, amide formation, etc.) will depend entirely on the actual scaffold and functional groups.
Prior to any derivatization, confirm identity/purity of the starting material and assess stability under planned conditions (acid/base, oxidants, palladium catalysis, etc.).
Establish analytical methods (orthogonal HPLC, LC-MS, 1H/13C NMR) to track conversions and impurities.
Because no functional group annotations or reactivity data are provided in the product record, no specific synthetic utility can be claimed for this item.
Target Specificity
Target information: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and primary literature as needed.
Binding constants, selectivity profiles, or phenotypic annotations: Not specified for this item.
Species reactivity: Not applicable to small molecules in the same sense as antibodies; any biological activity would be context- and assay-dependent and is not provided here.
Note: Any target-related information found in third-party databases (e.g., PubChem CID 11590217) is literature context and is not part of the product specification.
Need help choosing the grade?
Our grade selection guide covers purity, stabilizer status, and application suitability for all variants in our catalog.
Products are supplied to verified businesses, institutions, and qualified professionals for research and development use only. Not for use in humans, animals, diagnosis, or therapy.
