Glucose Acetate Medium - BioReagent

Cat. No.: G1528675

GRADE & PURITY BioReagent

Storage

Room temperature

Shipped In

Normal

概要

For fungal cultivation

Specifications

仕様と純度

BioReagent

保管条件

Room temperature

入荷

Normal

等級

BioReagent

Product Line

biological_products

Application Protocols

General workflow for preparing and using a glucose–acetate medium (literature/good practice). Adjust to your organism and consult the product label/CoA for exact masses and targets.

1. Preparation

• Calculate the required volume (e.g., 1 L). Weigh the label-specified mass of medium powder. Composition is Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Add to ~850–900 mL of purified water with vigorous stirring. Rinse weighing vessel to ensure quantitative transfer.
• Mix until fully dissolved. Measure pH at room temperature; adjust as required using sterile 1 N HCl/NaOH.
• Bring to final volume with water.

2. Sterilization

• Autoclave at 121 C for 15–20 min. If adding heat-labile supplements (antibiotics, vitamins, inducers), cool to ~45–50 C and aseptically add sterile-filtered stocks.

3. Use

• Dispense into sterile flasks or bioreactors with appropriate fill volume for oxygen transfer (e.g., 10–20% working volume in baffled flasks).
• Inoculate from a fresh starter culture to a defined initial OD600 (e.g., 0.05–0.1 for shake flasks). Incubate at organism-appropriate temperature with shaking.
• Monitor growth (OD600), pH, and, if relevant, residual glucose/acetate by enzymatic kits or HPLC.

4. Quality checks

• Include uninoculated sterility controls. Record pH before/after sterilization and at harvest to track metabolic acidification/alkalinization.

Biological Roles

This section summarizes the biological significance of the key carbon sources (general/literature), which often motivates the use of a glucose–acetate medium in research.

• Glucose: Central fermentable carbohydrate feeding glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. Rapid glucose catabolism can trigger carbon catabolite repression, biasing metabolism toward fermentation/overflow at high flux. In microbes like E. coli and S. cerevisiae, glucose availability modulates global transcriptional programs, cAMP/PKA signaling, and redox balance (NADH/NAD+).
• Acetate: Two-carbon unit feeding acetyl-CoA pools through acetate kinase/phosphotransacetylase or acetyl-CoA synthetase. Supports TCA cycle and the glyoxylate shunt (isocitrate lyase, malate synthase) enabling growth on C2 substrates. Acetate also acts as a stressor at low pH (acetic acid) and as a signaling molecule affecting motility and biofilm formation in bacteria (literature).
• Diauxic growth: In mixed carbon-source media, many microbes first consume glucose, then after a lag (metabolic reprogramming), switch to acetate utilization; the classic “diauxic shift.”
• Isotope tracing: 13C-labeled glucose or acetate enables fluxomics to quantify carbon partitioning through glycolysis, TCA, and anaplerotic routes when added to suitable media.

Important: The exact nutrient balance, buffering, and trace requirements depend on the organism and the specific formulation. Composition for this catalog item is Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Buffer Applications

This product is a growth medium rather than a standalone buffer. Buffering capacity depends on formulation details, which are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General considerations (literature):

• Acetate buffering: The acetate/acetic acid pair buffers near pH 4.76 (pKa at 25 C). Consequently, acetate contributes meaningful buffering in the acidic range but offers limited capacity at near-neutral pH typical for many microbial cultures.
• Working pH: Many bacteria and yeasts are cultured around pH 6.5–7.4. If neutral pH is required, buffering is typically provided by phosphate, MOPS, HEPES, or TRIS systems rather than acetate alone. If your protocol specifies neutral pH, you may need to supplement with an appropriate buffer and titrate carefully.
• Recipe hints (general): Prepare base medium in ~90% of final volume, measure pH at room temperature, adjust with sterile acid/base, then bring to volume. Verify pH post-sterilization, as autoclaving can shift pH.

If your application primarily concerns buffering, consider using a dedicated buffer system and adding glucose/acetate as separate components with controlled concentrations.

Green Alternatives

While “green alternatives” typically address hazardous solvents, sustainability principles also apply to culture media.

Sustainability considerations (general):

• Powdered medium vs prefilled bottles: Powders reduce shipped water mass and packaging, lowering transport emissions. This product, supplied dry (format not explicitly specified), generally enables on-site reconstitution.
• Sterilization strategy: Autoclaving in reusable glassware minimizes single-use plastics relative to filter-sterilizing into disposable bottles. Balance with heat stability of additives.
• Waste minimization: Prepare only the volume needed for the experiment. Store aliquots to limit repeated heat cycles and discard.
• Energy efficiency: Use validated autoclave cycles (121 C, 15–20 min) rather than extended times. Avoid unnecessary sterilization repeats by maintaining aseptic technique.
• Alternative carbon sources: If your objective is reduced fossil-derived inputs, consider biobased glucose/acetate sources where available (supplier-dependent; not specified for this item).

Concise comparison (literature/general):

• Autoclave-sterilized base medium: Reusable vessels; low plastic waste; moderate energy use; broad compatibility.
• Sterile filtration (0.22 µm): Lower energy; higher plastic consumption; preserves heat-labile components.

Note: No change to the product’s composition is implied. Choose preparation methods that align with your lab’s environmental and experimental constraints.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No direct pharmaceutical or clinical use is claimed or intended. For research use only (per Product Data).

Relevance to pharmaceutical R&D and manufacturing (general/literature):

• Process development: Glucose–acetate media can be used in early-stage microbial strain screening to evaluate carbon-source utilization, overflow metabolism, and growth kinetics relevant to bioprocess design.
• Metabolic engineering: Supports selection and characterization of engineered pathways (e.g., improved acetate assimilation, reduced acetate overflow) in microbial hosts commonly used for recombinant protein or small-molecule production.
• Analytical controls: Defined carbon sources aid comparability in omics workflows (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) by limiting medium variability.

Regulatory note:

• This BioReagent-grade medium is not manufactured to GMP, compendial, or clinical standards unless explicitly stated elsewhere. It should not be used for diagnostic, therapeutic, or human/animal consumption applications.

For translational work, confirm suitability via in-house qualification and, if needed, migrate to higher-grade or validated media with documented traceability.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physical constants are not provided for this mixture.

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Solubility: Readily soluble in purified water (literature expectation for glucose- and acetate-containing media). Final clarity depends on full dissolution and any insoluble components if present.
• pH (1× working solution): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. Typical microbiological media target near-neutral pH after sterilization (literature ~6.8–7.4), whereas acetate species buffer near pKa 4.76 (limited capacity at neutral pH).
• Density/bulk density (powder): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Hygroscopicity: Many carbohydrate-containing media are moisture-sensitive (general observation). Protect from humidity for accurate weighing.
• Thermal behavior: Components are generally stable through standard autoclaving cycles (literature 121 C, 15–20 min), but heat-labile additives (e.g., vitamins/antibiotics) must be filter-sterilized separately if used.
• UV/visible characteristics: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Note: Because this is a multicomponent medium, measured properties depend on the exact lot composition and final preparation parameters (water quality, concentration, pH adjustment). Always consult the lot-specific CoA/SDS for authoritative values.

Quality and Grades

• Supplied grade: BioReagent (from Product Data). BioReagent-grade materials are suitable for routine life-science research workflows, emphasizing consistency, low bioburden, and performance in biological assays. This grade is not equivalent to cell-culture or GMP-grade unless explicitly stated.

What BioReagent grade generally implies (context/literature):

• Raw materials selected for laboratory research use with attention to contaminant profiles relevant to biochemical work (e.g., low heavy metals/endotoxins not guaranteed unless specified).
• Batch-to-batch consistency supported by internal QC tests (e.g., pH of 1× solution, clarity, growth promotion in representative organisms). Specific QC tests for this item are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Not sterile as supplied unless clearly labeled; end-user sterilization typically required (autoclave or filtration, depending on heat stability of any supplements used).

What is specific for this listing:

• Grade/Purity: BioReagent (as stated).
• Storage: Room temperature; protect from moisture.
• Shipping: Normal ambient.

Recommendations for users:

• Verify lot-specific specifications (appearance, pH of working solution, growth-promotion results, microbial limits) on the CoA.
• If sensitive applications (e.g., transcriptomics, proteomics, endotoxin-sensitive assays) are planned, perform suitability testing or request additional quality documentation before use.

Reaction and Applications

Chemical reaction methodology is not the primary context for this product. Instead, think in terms of biological “applications” of the medium (literature/general):

• Carbon source studies: Supports experiments contrasting glycolytic growth on glucose with anaplerotic/respiratory growth on acetate. Useful for investigating catabolite repression (e.g., cAMP–CRP in bacteria, Mig1 in yeast) and diauxic shifts.
• Glyoxylate shunt and TCA cycle: Acetate as sole or co-carbon source highlights roles of isocitrate lyase and malate synthase; valuable in genetics screens for acetate utilization mutants.
• Overflow metabolism and acetate excretion: In facultative anaerobes (e.g., E. coli), glucose-rich conditions can produce acetate; including acetate in medium enables adaptation studies, acetate uptake kinetics, and transcriptomic profiling.
• Biofilm and stress responses: Altered carbon sources modulate biofilm formation, motility, and oxidative stress responses; medium can be used to standardize such evaluations.
• Stable isotope tracing: When paired with 13C-glucose or 13C-acetate supplements, enables metabolic flux analysis via MS/LC–MS (supplements added by user; base medium composition must be confirmed on CoA).

Best practices:

• Define the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio consistent with your model organism; supplement nitrogen, vitamins, or trace metals as needed (composition of this catalog item is Not specified; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet).
• Verify pH before and after sterilization; acetate speciation changes with pH and impacts uptake.
• Include appropriate controls (glucose-only and acetate-only media) for mechanistic interpretation.

Reaction Conditions

Interpreting “reaction conditions” here as culture/use conditions (literature/general), since this is a growth medium:

• Reconstitution: Dissolve the label-specified mass in high-purity water to the indicated final volume (e.g., to make 1×). Composition and target concentration are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• pH: Adjust at room temperature as required by your organism (commonly 6.8–7.2 for many bacteria; 5.0–6.5 for some yeasts/fungi—organism-dependent). Verify pH after sterilization.
• Sterilization: Autoclave at 121 C for 15–20 min. Alternatively, sterile-filter (0.22 µm) if the formulation contains heat-labile components or if supplements are added post-autoclave.
• Incubation temperature: Organism-dependent. Typical examples—E. coli: 30–37 C; S. cerevisiae: ~30 C; many environmental isolates: 25–30 C. Aeration and agitation (150–250 rpm in baffled flasks) promote oxygen transfer for aerobic growth.
• Inoculation: Start from a fresh colony or standardized seed culture (e.g., OD600 0.05–0.1 for shake flasks). Use aseptic technique.
• Monitoring: Track OD600, pH, and substrate/acetate concentrations if metabolic endpoints are important. Expect diauxic growth when both glucose and acetate are present.
• Yields/growth (qualitative): Growth rates and biomass yields vary with strain and carbon-source ratios. Establish baselines using controls with glucose-only and acetate-only.

All numeric values above are general literature guidance and not item-specific specifications.

Safety and Handling

Hazard classification for this specific item is not provided here. Default to laboratory prudent practices and consult the SDS prior to use.

• GHS/Signal word/Pictograms/H-statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Likely hazards (general for nutrient media powders): Dust may cause mechanical irritation to eyes/respiratory tract; ingestion not intended. Carbohydrate-rich dusts may support microbial growth when wetted; avoid contamination.
• PPE: Lab coat, safety glasses, and appropriate gloves. Use a dust mask/respirator if airborne particulates may form (per SDS/risk assessment). Handle within a fume hood or ventilated weighing enclosure when feasible.
• Handling: Avoid creating dust. Use clean, dry tools. Close container promptly to limit moisture uptake. Prevent microbiological contamination of stock containers and prepared media.
• Incompatibilities (general): Strong oxidizers may react with organic constituents; strong acids/bases can alter pH and component stability. Avoid mixing with disinfectants until waste deactivation is intended.
• Sterilization and waste: Autoclave prepared media and biological waste before disposal, per institutional biosafety procedures. Do not autoclave tightly closed glass bottles filled to brim; allow headspace and loosen caps.
• First aid (overview; defer to SDS): If on skin/eyes, rinse with water. If inhaled, move to fresh air. If ingested, rinse mouth; seek medical advice as appropriate.

Storage per Product Data: Room temperature; keep dry and tightly sealed. Shipped at ambient conditions.

Solvent Selection

This product is intended for aqueous reconstitution. Organic solvent selection is generally not applicable.

Practical guidance (general/literature):

• Primary solvent: Purified water (ASTM Type 1 or 2; or cell-culture grade if downstream use demands). High resistivity and low TOC water minimize background and variability.
• Dissolution tips: Add powder gradually to ~80–90% of final volume with vigorous stirring to avoid clumping; rinse weighing vessel to ensure quantitative transfer; bring to volume after complete dissolution and pH adjustment.
• pH adjustment: If required by your protocol, adjust at room temperature using sterile 1 N HCl or 1 N NaOH. Note that acetate provides buffering near pH ~4.76; at neutral pH buffering capacity is limited.
• Sterilization compatibility: Most base components tolerate autoclaving (121 C, 15–20 min). Heat-labile supplements (vitamins, antibiotics, growth factors) should be sterile-filtered (0.22 µm) into cooled, autoclaved base medium.
• When to choose this medium vs alternatives: Use when you require a defined combination of glucose (fermentable carbon source) and acetate (TCA/glyoxylate-linked substrate) to probe carbon catabolite repression, diauxic growth, or acetate assimilation. Choose a simple minimal or rich medium without acetate when acetate metabolism is not under study.

Water quality troubleshooting: Elevated conductivity, microbial contamination, or residual chlorine can impair performance; validate your water system for critical applications.

Storage and Reconstitution

• Storage conditions (as supplied): Room temperature (from Product Data). Keep container tightly closed in a cool, dry place. Protect from humidity and cross-contamination. Shipped under normal ambient conditions.

• Shelf life: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. Use by the labeled retest/expiry date. Reseal promptly after each use.

• Reconstitution (general guidance):

  • Water quality: Use freshly produced Type 1/2 deionized water (or cell-culture grade if needed). Pre-warm to room temperature for faster dissolution.
  • Concentration: Follow the product label to prepare the intended 1× strength. Composition and target pH are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • pH: Measure and adjust at room temperature if directed by your protocol; verify after sterilization.

• Sterilization and storage (prepared medium):

  • Autoclave at 121 C for 15–20 min unless otherwise indicated. Cool gradually; avoid thermal shock to glassware.
  • Store prepared, sterile medium at 2–8 C, protected from light if components are photosensitive. Typical in-use stability for many media is up to 1–2 weeks (literature); confirm suitability empirically for your application.
  • Do not freeze unless the formulation is known to be freeze–thaw stable; precipitates or component degradation may occur.

• Handling: Use aseptic technique. Discard if turbidity, precipitate, or color change indicates contamination or degradation.

Structure and Identity

This product is a prepared microbiological/biochemical medium blend, not a single defined molecule. As such, single-molecule identifiers (SMILES, InChIKey) do not apply.

• Item type: Complex formulation (powder or granulate for aqueous reconstitution; exact format not specified)
• Major functional components (general knowledge): a fermentable sugar (glucose) and acetate salt(s)/acid as carbon source and/or buffering contributor, plus typical medium excipients (salts, potential nitrogen sources, trace components). Exact composition is Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular formula: Not applicable to mixtures (Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.)
• Molecular weight: Not applicable to mixtures (Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.)
• CAS, CID, SMILES, InChIKey: Not applicable to mixtures; not assigned for this formulation.
• 2D “structure” description: As a blend, the product contains multiple small molecules; key functional groups (general/literature): glucose (polyhydroxy aldehydo-hexose; multiple alcohol groups), acetate (carboxylate anion of acetic acid). No stereochemical specification for the mixture as a whole.

Use case identity: Designed for life-science research culturing or metabolic studies where defined carbon sources (glucose and acetate) are desired.

Synthetic Utility

Not typically applicable. This product is a biological culture medium, not a discrete chemical building block or reagent for synthetic transformations.

For chemists considering interface uses (general):

• Biocatalysis: The medium may serve to grow whole-cell biocatalysts expressing enzymes of interest. For isolated enzyme reactions, switch to defined assay buffers with controlled ionic strength and pH.
• Labeling studies: Combining the medium with isotopically labeled glucose or acetate (user-supplied) enables synthesis of labeled biomolecules via cellular metabolism (e.g., 13C-enriched metabolites), but this is a biological incorporation process rather than a classical chemical reaction.

If your project centers on chemical synthesis (e.g., cross-coupling, oxidations), select appropriate anhydrous solvents and reagents; this medium is not designed for that purpose.

Target Specificity

Not applicable. This product is not an antibody, affinity reagent, or targeted biochemical. No clone, epitope, or species reactivity data apply.

よくある質問

How should this product be stored?

Store at room temperature.