PGPC-d , CAS No.P1445575

CAS: P1445575 Cat. No.: P1445575 分子式: C₂₉H₅₀D₆NO₁₀P 分子量: 615.77

Storage

Store at -20°C

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

概要

PGPC-d 6 is the deuterium labeled PGPC.

仕様

保管条件

Store at -20°C

入荷

Ice chest + Ice pads

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名前と識別子

分子量

615.77

Application Protocols

Item-specific tested applications and conditions are not provided for this SKU. The following are general, non-binding examples for research use with oxidized phosphatidylcholines and their deuterated analogs. Validate and optimize for your system.

Example A: Preparation of stock solutions

• Dissolve the lipid in CHCl3:MeOH (2:1, v/v) or isopropanol to 1–10 mg/mL.
• Vortex and, if needed, sonicate briefly in a room-temperature water bath. Store aliquots at −20°C, protected from light.

Example B: Liposome formation (multilamellar vesicles)

• Evaporate solvent to a thin film; dry under vacuum 1–3 h.
• Hydrate with PBS or HEPES buffer (pH ~7.4) to the desired concentration while vortexing above the lipid’s Tm.
• Optional: sonicate or extrude to obtain SUVs/LUVs.

Example C: LC–MS internal standard spiking

• Prepare calibration and QC samples by spiking a fixed amount of PGPC-d into extracts at the protein precipitation step.
• Use isotope-dilution quantitation; correct for isotopic enrichment if not 100% deuterated.

Caution:

• Avoid buffers with high free amine content if carbonyl reactivity may confound results.
• These protocols are illustrative and not specifications for this item.

Biological Roles

General background (literature, not item-specific):

• Oxidized phosphatidylcholines such as PGPC are products of lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholines and downstream remodeling. They feature truncated sn-2 acyl chains terminating in carbonyl groups.
• Membrane effects: incorporation into bilayers can lower order parameters, increase permeability, and alter curvature stress, impacting membrane protein function in reconstituted systems.
• Protein interactions: carbonyl-terminated sn-2 chains can form reversible imines with lysine side chains or N-termini, enabling covalent or semi-covalent interactions in vitro. These reactions are pH-dependent and influenced by local microenvironments.
• Signaling studies: oxidized PCs are used as biochemical probes to study scavenger receptor binding, pattern recognition, and downstream signaling in cell-free or cell-based research models.
• Lipid transport: association with albumin and lipoproteins influences trafficking and distribution in model systems.

Important notes:

• The above describes typical behavior of oxidized PC analogs; the precise biological role of PGPC-d depends on its exact labeling and structure, which are not specified for this item. Consult the CoA for structural confirmation before designing experiments.
• All uses are for research purposes only; no clinical or diagnostic use is intended or implied.

Buffer Applications

Not typically applicable as a classical buffering agent. PGPC-d is a lipid standard/analyte rather than a pH buffer.

Practical considerations (general, for working with oxidized phosphatidylcholines):

• Hydration media: when forming liposomes or dispersions, use buffers with minimal free primary amines (to limit Schiff-base formation), such as phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or HEPES. Avoid high Tris concentrations when aldehyde reactivity is a concern.
• Ionic strength: moderate ionic strength (e.g., 100–150 mM NaCl) can improve dispersion stability of vesicles; include chelators (e.g., 0.1–1 mM EDTA) to reduce metal-catalyzed oxidation if compatible with your assay.
• pH range: neutral pH (7.2–7.6) is common for bilayer reconstitution; lower pH accelerates imine formation with amines, which may or may not be desired.

Item-specific buffer compatibility and concentration limits are not specified for this SKU; verify empirically for your system.

Green Alternatives

Considerations center on solvent systems and handling, as the lipid itself is the analyte/standard.

Greener solvent options for lipid workflows (literature, general):

• Isopropanol (IPA) vs. chloroform: IPA offers lower toxicity and ozone-depletion risk; however, chloroform remains superior for dissolving broad lipid classes and forming dry films. IPA is often sufficient for LC–MS stocks and injections.
• Ethanol or methanol (biobased grades available): viable for many steps; methanol is more toxic than ethanol but has higher elution strength and miscibility.
• Ethyl acetate and MTBE: used in alternative extraction protocols (e.g., Matyash method with MTBE) to replace chloroform, with good phase separation and recovery for many lipid classes.

Comparison (general, not item-specific):

• Chloroform: excellent solubilizer; higher toxicity and environmental burden.
• MTBE: effective extraction solvent with lower density (upper organic phase); flammable and peroxide-forming over time — monitor and stabilize appropriately.
• Isopropanol: greener, LC–MS friendly; may require sonication/warming for complete dissolution of certain PCs.

Best practices:

• Minimize solvent volumes via concentrated stocks and micro-aliquoting.
• Use amber vials and low-headspace containers to limit waste and oxidative degradation.
• Implement solvent recycling where permitted and maintain peroxide testing for ethers.

Note: Choose the greenest solvent that maintains analytical performance for your specific assay.

Pharmaceutical Uses

This product is designated for research use only.

General context (literature, not item-specific):

• Phosphatidylcholines are used as excipients in some pharmaceutical formulations (e.g., liposomes, emulsions). Oxidized PC analogs like PGPC are typically research tools rather than excipients due to reactivity and stability considerations.
• Deuterated lipids function as analytical standards for bioanalytical method development and validation (e.g., LC–MS quantitation in PK sample analysis), supporting manufacturing and QC analytics without being components of the drug product.

Practical notes:

• If used within analytical methods supporting pharmaceutical programs, maintain rigorous documentation of isotopic enrichment, purity, and stability (CoA and stability data).
• Ensure segregation from GMP production streams; research-use-only materials should not enter clinical manufacturing.

Item-specific pharmacopeial status, impurity limits, and residual solvent specifications are not provided for this SKU and should be confirmed with the CoA/SDS if required for regulated analytical workflows.

Physical Properties

Item-specific properties (from Product Data):

• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Melting point, boiling point, density, refractive index, pKa/pKb: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Solubility: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Literature/general guidance for oxidized phosphatidylcholines (not item-specific):

• Physical state: typically waxy solids or foamy films at ambient temperature; some present as glassy solids, depending on chain composition and isotopic labeling.
• Solubility (literature): good solubility in halogenated/oxygenated organic solvents (e.g., chloroform, dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol), and in lipid-compatible mixtures such as CHCl3:MeOH (2:1, v/v) or isopropanol:hexane:water ternaries; very low solubility in water as free lipid, but dispersible with detergents, liposome formation, or albumin binding.
• LogP: generally high for phosphatidylcholines due to long acyl chains; effective partitioning into lipid bilayers (literature expectation, not a specification).
• Stability considerations (literature): oxidized sn-2 chains may be more labile to further oxidation or aldol-like chemistry; minimize exposure to light, heat, and air. Work under inert atmosphere where possible.

Note: For method validation, rely on the batch-specific CoA for exact mass and isotopic enrichment of PGPC-d.

Quality and Grades

Item-specific grade/purity (from Product Data):

• Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

How to interpret grades for lipid standards (general guidance):

• Research grade: suitable for discovery workflows, biophysical assays, and general lipidomics where trace impurities are tolerable.
• High-purity/quantitative standard grade: narrow impurity profile and accurately stated isotopic enrichment; intended for LC–MS calibration, internal standards, and quantitative method development.
• Isotopic labeling: the percent deuterium incorporation, labeling pattern (uniform vs. positional), and residual unlabeled fraction significantly affect LC–MS response and isotopic corrections.

What to confirm for PGPC-d (recommendations):

• Purity basis: weight%, HPLC area%, or qNMR — verify the basis used.
• Isotopic enrichment: total deuterium content and position(s) of labeling; presence of partially labeled species.
• Residual solvents and water content: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Oxidation state: verify absence of secondary oxidation products (e.g., peroxides, further chain truncation), typically by LC–MS/MS or HRMS.

Implications for use:

• For quantitative lipidomics, choose lots with documented isotopic enrichment and chromatographic purity. Record lot numbers and retain CoA copies to support traceability and method validation.

Reaction and Applications

Manufacturer Applications (from Product Data):

• Not provided; this product is designated “For research use only.”

Typical research applications of PGPC-class lipids (literature, not item-specific):

• Lipidomics internal standard/tracer: deuterated PC species aid quantitation of oxidized phospholipids by compensating for extraction and ionization variability.
• Model membranes: incorporation into liposomes/SLBs to study effects of oxidized sn-2 chains on bilayer order, permeability, and protein interactions.
• Protein–lipid adduct studies: ω-oxo functionalities on oxidized sn-2 chains can form reversible Schiff bases with lysine residues; used to probe covalent modification pathways in vitro.
• Lipoprotein/micelle systems: evaluation of oxidation products in reconstituted HDL/LDL models and their impact on particle properties.

Practical tips (general):

• Aliquoting: prepare single-use aliquots to avoid freeze–thaw. Evaporate solvent under gentle N2 stream; avoid high vacuum heat.
• Inert atmosphere: blanket vials with N2/Ar post-evaporation; store cold and dark to limit secondary oxidation.
• Quantitation: verify concentration by phosphate assay, qNMR, or gravimetry; correct for isotopic enrichment when used as an internal standard.
• Compatibility: aldehyde-bearing lipids can react with primary amines (buffers, proteins); select buffer systems accordingly (e.g., avoid high free-amine concentrations when undesired).

Reaction Conditions

No item-specific reaction parameters are provided. The following general conditions apply to chemical manipulations of oxidized phosphatidylcholines (literature guidance, not specifications):

• Film formation: dissolve lipid in CHCl3:MeOH (2:1, v/v), deposit in a round-bottom flask or vial, and evaporate under N2 to a thin film; desiccate under high vacuum (ambient temperature) for 1–3 h.
• Hydration: add buffer pre-warmed above the lipid’s phase transition temperature; vortex/sonicate to generate MLVs; extrude through polycarbonate membranes if LUVs are required.
• Oxime/hydrazone formation (for carbonyl-bearing lipids):
  • Solvent/buffer: aqueous buffer (pH 4.5–6.0) with aniline catalysis or neutral pH with more reactive hydroxylamine derivatives; co-solvent (≤20–30% MeOH or IPA) may aid dispersion.
  • Temperature: 20–37°C; protect from oxidation.
  • Time: 1–16 h depending on reagent and conditions.
• LC–MS sample prep: dilute stocks into 60–90% organic (IPA/MeOH/ACN) with appropriate additives (e.g., ammonium formate/acetate) to promote [M+H]+ or [M+Na]+ formation.

Notes:

• Avoid strong bases or acids that accelerate ester hydrolysis.
• Exclude oxygen and light to limit secondary oxidation. Include metal chelators if compatible with downstream analysis.

Always validate conditions with small-scale trials and reference standards.

Safety and Handling

Item-specific hazard data (from Product Data):

• Signal word: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• H-statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• GHS classification and pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.

General laboratory safety guidance for oxidized phospholipids (not item-specific):

• PPE: lab coat, nitrile gloves, safety glasses. Use in a clean area to avoid adventitious contamination that could accelerate oxidation.
• Handling: avoid repeated freeze-thaw; minimize exposure to air, light, and elevated temperature. For weighed films, purge vials with inert gas (N2 or Ar) after solvent evaporation and during storage.
• Incompatibilities: strong oxidizers and strong bases/acids can induce degradation; aldehyde-bearing oxidized lipids may be reactive toward nucleophiles (e.g., primary amines) leading to Schiff-base adducts.
• First aid (general): in case of skin contact, wash with soap and water; eye contact, rinse cautiously with water; ingestion/inhalation, seek medical attention. Always follow the SDS for authoritative instructions.
• Waste: dispose of solvent-lipid mixtures according to institutional chemical waste protocols.

Storage and shipping (from Product Data):

• Storage: Store at -20°C.
• Shipping: Ice chest + ice pads.

Note: Obtain and review the SDS specific to PGPC-d for definitive hazard classification and emergency measures before use.

Solvent Selection

Applicability: PGPC-d is a lipidic material; selection focuses on organic solvents suitable for dissolution, film formation, and LC–MS sample prep.

General solvent behavior for phosphatidylcholines (literature, not item-specific):

• Highly soluble: chloroform, dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, 1-propanol.
• Practical mixtures: CHCl3:MeOH (2:1 or 1:1, v/v) for stock solutions; IPA:acetonitrile:water blends for LC–MS injection; Bligh–Dyer or Folch systems for extraction.
• Poor solvents: water alone (without detergents or carriers); hexane alone may be too nonpolar for efficient dissolution of the zwitterionic headgroup.

Selection guidelines:

• LC–MS: prepare stocks in isopropanol or methanol; dilute into 60–90% organic with 0.1% formic acid or ammonium salts as needed. Avoid high aqueous fractions that precipitate the lipid.
• Liposome/model membranes: dissolve in CHCl3:MeOH, form a thin film, dry thoroughly, then hydrate with buffer above the lipid’s phase transition temperature; consider adding helper lipids to tune membrane properties.
• Stability: minimize time in protic solvents at elevated temperature; store working solutions cold and protected from light. Use amber glass vials with PTFE-lined caps.

Note: Confirm solvent compatibility and concentration limits for your assay. Item-specific solubility is not provided and should be verified experimentally.

Storage and Reconstitution

Item-specific storage and shipping (from Product Data):

• Storage conditions: Store at -20°C.
• Shipped in: Ice chest + Ice pads.

General best practices for lipid standards (not item-specific):

• Long-term storage: for extended stability, many lipids are stored at −20 to −80°C in amber glass vials under inert gas. Minimize headspace oxygen.
• Aliquoting: prepare small, single-use aliquots to avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles. Label with concentration, solvent, and date.
• Light/air protection: wrap vials in foil or use amber containers; flush with N2/Ar after opening.

Reconstitution guidance (general):

• If supplied as a dry film: dissolve in CHCl3:MeOH (2:1, v/v) or isopropanol to prepare a stock. Vortex and gently sonicate if needed.
• If supplied in solution: equilibrate to room temperature briefly before opening to avoid condensation; mix thoroughly. Reseal promptly and refreeze aliquots.
• Working solutions: keep on ice during use; return aliquots to −20°C promptly. Discard solutions showing precipitation or discoloration.

Specifications such as exact solvent, concentration, water content, and stabilizers are not provided for this SKU; refer to the CoA/Spec Sheet for lot-specific details.

Structure and Identity

Overview: PGPC-d is listed without a structural definition in the product data. The following item-specific identifiers are not provided and should be confirmed via the CoA/Spec Sheet for this SKU.

Item-specific (from Product Data):

• CAS: P1445575 (internal/catalog identifier; not a public CAS Registry Number)
• Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Literature context (general, not item-specific):

• PGPC commonly denotes an oxidized phosphatidylcholine species, often referenced as 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, bearing a zwitterionic phosphocholine headgroup on a glycerol backbone, one saturated acyl chain (palmitoyl) at sn-1, and a truncated ω-oxo acyl at sn-2.
• The suffix "-d" typically indicates a deuterium-labeled isotopologue used as an internal standard or tracer; the labeling pattern (headgroup, glycerol, or acyl-chain deuteration) varies across suppliers and must be confirmed on the CoA.

Structural features (literature, generic PGPC):

• Functional groups: phosphate diester, quaternary ammonium (choline), ester linkages, and an ω-oxo (aldehyde/ketone) functionality on the truncated sn-2 chain.
• 2D description: a glycerol core with sn-1 esterified to a long alkyl chain, sn-2 esterified to a shorter, carbonyl-terminated chain, and sn-3 linked via phosphate to a choline moiety.

Important: Confirm exact isotopic enrichment, labeling positions, and precise structure for PGPC-d with the product’s CoA before method development.

Synthetic Utility

PGPC-d is primarily an analytical/research lipid rather than a synthetic intermediate. Nonetheless, oxidized phosphatidylcholines present functional handles of interest in chemical biology (literature, not item-specific):

• Carbonyl reactivity: truncated sn-2 chains with terminal carbonyls can undergo imine formation with primary amines, hydrazone/oxime ligation with hydrazides or alkoxyamines, enabling reversible or stabilized conjugation to probes and surfaces.
• Headgroup derivatization: the phosphocholine headgroup is typically retained; however, conversion to other phosphodiester headgroups or introduction of reporter tags is feasible via multistep phosphoramidite or H-phosphonate chemistry (specialized lipid synthesis).
• Isotopic labeling: deuteration provides mass offsets for MS calibration; PGPC-d can serve as a template for isotope-dilution methods.
• Assembly utility: incorporation into liposomes or supported bilayers facilitates studies of membrane-active reagents, oxidation-induced curvature, and domain formation.

Caveats:

• Ester stability: base- or acid-catalyzed hydrolysis can cleave acyl chains; protect from extremes during any derivatization.
• Stereochemistry: native PCs are typically sn-1/sn-2 defined; maintain stereochemical integrity during transformations to preserve biophysical properties.

Item-specific functionalization data and labeling sites for PGPC-d are not provided; consult the CoA before planning any chemical modifications.

Target Specificity

This product is a lipid standard and does not possess biological target specificity in the sense of an antibody, enzyme inhibitor, or ligand with a defined receptor. No item-specific target, epitope, clone, or species reactivity information is provided.

Use-case context (general):

• In analytical workflows, deuterated lipids serve as internal standards targeting analytical methods (e.g., LC–MS transitions) rather than biological macromolecules. Specificity arises from mass-to-charge differences and chromatographic behavior relative to endogenous analytes.

よくある質問

How should this product be stored?

Store at ?20 °C. Freezer storage is required to maintain the specified shelf life.

How is this product shipped?

This product ships in an insulated container with ice pads. Unpack on arrival and transfer it to the storage condition stated above.

What are the CAS number, molecular formula and molecular weight?

The CAS Number is P1445575, the molecular formula is C29H50D6NO10P, and the molecular weight is 615.77 g/mol.

What documentation is provided?

Available product documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (COA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and specification sheets, is shown in the product document area. Document availability and access follow the current site policy.