Extracellular matrix

The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the skin dermis is composed mainly of collagen, together with various glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and other structural proteins. Once formed, the ECM does not remain unchanged over the long term; rather, it undergoes continuous turnover involving ...

Some cells have difficulty maintaining stable adhesion to culture surfaces in vitro and may exhibit slow attachment, insufficient spreading, or detachment after medium replacement. Treating culture surfaces with adhesion factors such as fibronectin, laminin, collagen, vitronectin, and polylysine ...

Collagen is the principal structural protein of the dermal extracellular matrix (ECM). Intact collagen consists of three long polypeptide chains that form a triple helix and subsequently assemble into collagen fibrils and collagen fibers, providing the skin with tensile strength and mechanical ...

Organoids can self-organize from tissue stem cells, primary cells, or pluripotent stem cells in a three-dimensional environment and partially reconstruct the cellular composition, spatial architecture, and functional characteristics of organs. They provide models that more closely resemble in ...

The extracellular matrix (ECM) in the tumor microenvironment not only supports tissue structure, but also continuously regulates immune cell infiltration, migration, activation, and effector functions through matrix deposition, crosslinking, degradation, and spatial reorganization. ECM ...

Cellular osteogenic induction experiments are commonly used to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation capacity of mesenchymal stem cells, osteoprogenitor cells, and bone-related model cells. β-Glycerophosphate, ascorbic acid, and dexamethasone are the core components of classical osteogenic ...

The uPA/uPAR system is not merely a proteolytic module, but an important interface linking local fibrinolytic activation, cell-adhesion switching, amplification of migratory signaling, and microenvironment remodeling.

Sulfation is an important anionic modification mode in extracellular molecular recognition, matrix organization, and metabolic transformation.

The extracellular matrix is not a static scaffold simply composed of collagen, elastin, and several adhesion molecules. Its functional state largely depends on the spatial structure, ligand-binding capacity, and local signal distribution shaped by glycosylation. Glycosaminoglycan chains, glycan ...

Collagenase (also referred to as collagen hydrolytic enzymes) comprises a class of proteases capable of cleaving native collagen triple helices under near-physiological pH and temperature.

Skin covers the vast majority of the human body surface and performs essential functions including barrier defense, immune surveillance, regulation of temperature and fluid homeostasis, and sensory perception.

Angiogenesis is a biological process in which new blood vessels arise from the pre-existing vasculature to maintain tissue perfusion and meet cellular demands for oxygen and nutrients. Its initiation and progression are finely orchestrated by multi-layer regulators, including soluble growth ...

Angiogenesis is the process by which new microvessels form from an existing vascular network. It is jointly regulated by soluble pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors, cytokines, protease systems, extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and adhesion molecules. Angiogenesis is ...

Chondroitinases are a class of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes that cleave structural units in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), including chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS). They are widely used in extracellular matrix (ECM) research, proteoglycan structural analysis, glycomics ...