ACD Anticoagulant (B) - BioReagent

Cat. No.: A1528790

GRADE & PURITY Sterile-filtered, BioReagent

Storage

Store at 2-8°C

Shipped In

Wet ice

Application

1002

Panoramica

ACD Anticoagulant (B) consists mainly of sodium citrate, dextrose and citric acid. Acid‑citrate‑dextrose (ACD) exhibits good performance for DNA extraction from whole‑blood samples.

Operating Procedures (For Reference Only):

1. Operate in accordance with specific experimental requirements.

2. Typically, 3.5 mL of anticoagulant is required for 20 mL of fresh whole blood.

Precautions:

1. Aseptic operation should be maintained throughout the experiment.

2. For your safety and health, wear a lab coat and disposable gloves during operation.

3. This product is for research‑only use. Any other application is strictly prohibited.

Specifications

Specifiche e purezza

BioReagent, Sterile-filtered

Condizioni di conservazione di stoccaggio

Store at 2-8°C

Spedito in

Wet ice

Questo prodotto richiede spedizione a catena fredda. I servizi di terra e altri servizi economici non sono disponibili.

Grado

BioReagent, Filtrato asetticamente

Product Line

Prodotti biologici

Application Protocols

Item-specific validated protocols and ratios: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and your institutional SOPs.

General literature practices for citrate-based anticoagulants (for research use only; verify with your protocol before use):

• Blood collection
  • Pre-load collection vessel with ACD solution under sterile conditions.
  • Gently invert immediately after draw to ensure complete mixing and prevent clotting.
• Use ratios
  • Collection systems commonly employ defined anticoagulant-to-blood ratios to achieve target citrate concentrations. Acceptable ratios depend on formulation (ACD-A vs ACD-B) and application. Follow your SOP; adjust only with appropriate validation.
• Downstream handling
  • For assays requiring coagulation initiation, add Ca2+ solution dropwise while mixing to recalcify; confirm final free Ca2+ by method of choice (e.g., ion-selective electrode) if critical.
• Quality controls
  • Include a visual check for clots/fibrin; document lot number, storage temperature, and time from collection to processing.

These are general guidelines; always defer to method-specific instructions and the CoA for this SKU.

Biological Roles

General biological context (literature; not clinical use):

• Mechanism of anticoagulation
  • Citrate acts as a polyvalent chelator of Ca2+, an essential cofactor in multiple steps of the coagulation cascade (e.g., prothrombinase and tenase complexes). By reducing free Ca2+, these complexes are inactivated, preventing clot formation ex vivo.
• Role of dextrose
  • Dextrose provides a readily metabolizable carbon source, supporting glycolysis in blood cells during short-term handling and processing.
• Reversibility
  • Anticoagulation by citrate is reversible in vitro by adding Ca2+ back to the system (recalcification), enabling controlled initiation of coagulation in analytical assays.
• Effects on cells (literature observations)
  • Platelets: Citrate preserves platelet morphology and function under many processing conditions compared to some alternative anticoagulants.
  • Leukocytes/erythrocytes: Generally compatible for isolation workflows; ionic strength and pH of the formulation influence cell behavior and should be matched to protocol requirements.

Note: These roles describe in vitro laboratory biology. This product is for research use only and is not intended for clinical or diagnostic application.

Buffer Applications

This item functions as an anticoagulant solution rather than a traditional buffering system used for pH control across a wide range.

• Relevant buffer characteristics (literature)
  • Citrate/citric acid constitute a conjugate acid–base pair with buffering capacity in the acidic range; in ACD formulations the primary purpose is Ca2+ chelation rather than broad-spectrum pH buffering.
• Typical laboratory uses
  • Collection and temporary storage of whole blood or blood components for downstream research workflows.
  • In vitro coagulation studies that require controlled initiation by recalcification.
• Practical guidance
  • If precise pH control is required for your assay, verify the pH and buffering capacity from the CoA and adjust with compatible buffers (e.g., HEPES, phosphate) outside of the anticoagulation step.
  • Avoid introducing divalent cations (especially Ca2+) prior to procedures that rely on sustained anticoagulation.

Item-specific buffer parameters (pH, ionic strength, citrate/dextrose concentrations): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Green Alternatives

As an aqueous citrate/dextrose formulation, this reagent already aligns with several green chemistry principles (benign solvent—water; low volatility; minimal flammability).

Comparison of anticoagulant choices (literature context; not product specs):

• ACD (citrate/dextrose)
  • Advantages: Aqueous, low hazard profile; reversible anticoagulation via Ca2+ repletion; supports cell viability with dextrose.
  • Tradeoffs: Buffer components sourced from fermentation/mineral feedstocks; still requires controlled disposal when mixed with biological waste.
• EDTA salts (e.g., K2EDTA)
  • Advantages: Strong chelation enables robust anticoagulation at low concentration.
  • Tradeoffs: More persistent chelator; may complicate downstream metal-dependent assays; not reversible without dilution/exchange.
• Heparin
  • Advantages: Effective at low dose; does not chelate metals.
  • Tradeoffs: Animal-derived; can interfere with nucleic-acid work; supply chain sustainability considerations.

Environmental practice recommendations

• Use minimal effective volumes and adopt closed-system collection to limit waste.
• Segregate biohazardous waste; disinfect before disposal per local regulations.
• Prefer ambient shipping where validated; this SKU ships on wet ice per current handling requirements.

Pharmaceutical Uses

This product is supplied for research use only and is not intended for clinical, diagnostic, or therapeutic applications.

General formulation context (literature; not product claims):

• Citrate/dextrose solutions are historically used in controlled settings as anticoagulants for ex vivo handling of blood components. In regulated environments, compositions and quality attributes are defined by pharmacopeial monographs or standards specific to blood banking.
• In research and bioprocess development, similar citrate-based solutions may be used as process auxiliaries for cell collections, apheresis model systems, and ex vivo assays.

For GMP or clinical manufacturing needs, source materials that explicitly meet relevant pharmacopeial specifications and regulatory requirements; this SKU is designated BioReagent grade for laboratory research.

Physical Properties

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• pH, osmolarity, ionic strength: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Density, refractive index, conductivity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Freezing point and boiling point: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General literature context (for ACD-type aqueous solutions; not product specifications):

• Physical state: Clear, aqueous solution when supplied ready-to-use; components fully water soluble.
• Typical qualitative attributes: Strongly hydrophilic; miscible with water; non-volatile except for water.
• pH behavior: Buffered mildly acidic due to citrate/citric acid conjugate pair; exact pH depends on formulation and temperature.
• Compatibility: Compatible with common blood collection plastics (PP, PE, PVC) and borosilicate glass; avoid reactive metals where citrate chelation may perturb surfaces.

Quality and Grades

• Item-specific grade: BioReagent.
  • Meaning: Suitable for life-science research workflows where biocompatibility, low bioburden/endotoxin, and consistent buffer performance are important (not a clinical/diagnostic product).
  • Implications: Manufactured and packaged to reduce adventitious contaminants that could interfere with in vitro cellular components or biochemical assays.
• Purity and composition
  • Exact component concentrations, pH, endotoxin/bioburden limits, and filtration status: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Stabilizers/preservatives
  • Any antimicrobial preservative or additional stabilizer: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Lot-to-lot consistency
  • For anticoagulants, consistent citrate/dextrose ratio and pH are critical for reproducible anticoagulation and downstream assay performance. Request CoA for your lot to document these parameters.
• Use context
  • Designed for research sample collection/processing, cell handling, and ex vivo blood manipulation. For research use only.

Reaction and Applications

This reagent is intended for biological sample handling, not as a reactant in synthetic organic chemistry.

• Laboratory applications (research use; literature context)
  • Anticoagulation of whole blood during collection and processing for ex vivo studies.
  • Preparation of platelet-rich plasma or buffy coat where citrate’s reversible Ca2+ chelation is advantageous.
  • Temporary inhibition of coagulation for enzymology or coagulation cascade studies, with the option to restore activity by Ca2+ addition.
• Practical tips
  • Use aseptic technique when contacting biological specimens.
  • Pre-chill when cold handling is required by protocol; avoid freezing unless the product documentation permits.
  • Avoid dilution with Ca2+-containing media unless intentional recalcification is part of the workflow.
• Not typically used for
  • Chemical synthesis, catalysis, or materials processing. For those needs, refer to buffer salts or organic solvents sections of our catalog.

Reaction Conditions

Not applicable to this product’s intended use. This is not a reactant or catalyst for chemical synthesis.

Laboratory handling conditions (practical, literature-based guidance)

• Temperature: Use at ambient or refrigerated temperatures as dictated by your biological protocol. Avoid freezing unless documentation permits.
• Atmosphere: No special atmosphere required; maintain aseptic conditions when working with biological specimens.
• Mixing: Gentle inversion or rocking to ensure homogeneous contact with blood; avoid vigorous shaking that may cause hemolysis or platelet activation.

Any item-specific handling limits (e.g., allowable temperature excursions, maximum storage time after opening): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and SDS.

Safety and Handling

• GHS classification, signal word, hazard statements, pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• General hazard profile (literature, for citrate/dextrose aqueous solutions)
  • Typically low acute toxicity; may cause mild eye/skin irritation. Avoid ingestion and inhalation of mists.
  • Citrate is a calcium chelator; large accidental ingestion may disrupt electrolyte balance. For laboratory use only—do not administer to humans or animals.
• Personal protective equipment (good laboratory practice)
  • Wear lab coat, safety glasses, and nitrile gloves. Use in a clean environment suitable for handling biological samples.
• Incompatibilities (general)
  • Avoid mixing with strong acids/bases that can alter pH and buffer capacity.
  • Avoid contact with solutions containing high levels of divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+) if anticoagulant action must be preserved; citrate will chelate and activity may be consumed.
  • Do not autoclave unless validated; heat may alter composition.
• First-aid overview (consult SDS for authoritative guidance)
  • Skin/eye contact: Rinse with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present and easy.
  • Ingestion: Rinse mouth; seek medical advice.
  • Inhalation of mists: Move to fresh air.
• Spill/cleanup
  • Wipe with absorbent material; wash area with water. If contaminated with biological material, follow biohazard decontamination procedures.
• Waste disposal
  • Dispose according to institutional and local regulations. Treat blood-contaminated residues as biohazardous.

Solvent Selection

This product is an aqueous anticoagulant formulation, not a solvent for synthetic chemistry.

• Polarity and miscibility
  • Water-based; fully miscible with water and aqueous buffers. Miscibility with organic solvents is not relevant to its intended use.
• When to choose ACD vs alternatives (literature context)
  • ACD (citrate-based): Chelates Ca2+ to inhibit coagulation; preserves platelet function and cellular metabolism better than strong Ca2+ chelators in some workflows.
  • EDTA-based anticoagulants: Stronger, largely irreversible Ca2+ chelation; excellent for hematology counts but may impair certain downstream enzymatic assays or platelet function tests.
  • Heparin-based anticoagulants: Antithrombin-mediated; often preferred for plasma chemistry but can interfere with PCR or some mass-spectrometry analyses.
• Selection guidance
  • Choose ACD formulations when calcium-dependent pathways must be suppressed yet functional recovery of cells (e.g., platelets) is desired after recalcification. Verify compatibility with downstream assays.

Storage and Reconstitution

• Storage conditions (item-specific)
  • Store at 2–8°C.
  • Shipped on wet ice.
• Shelf life, stability after opening, sterility assurance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Freeze/thaw guidance
  • Unless explicitly permitted by the CoA, avoid freezing; repeated freeze–thaw can alter concentration and performance.
• Reconstitution/Use
  • If supplied as a ready-to-use solution: Use directly; equilibrate to the temperature required by your protocol. Do not dilute with Ca2+-containing solutions unless intentional.
  • If supplied as a concentrate or powder: Reconstitute/dilute with high-purity water according to the CoA; mix until fully dissolved. Verify pH and volume; sterile-filter if required by your application.
• Container considerations
  • Store in inert, clean plastic or glass compatible with citrate solutions. Tightly cap to prevent contamination and evaporation.
• Documentation
  • Record lot number and first-open date. For critical work, confirm key parameters (pH, conductivity, appearance) upon receipt and before use.

Structure and Identity

This product is a formulated laboratory anticoagulant solution commonly known as ACD (Acid-Citrate-Dextrose), Form B. It is a multi-component mixture rather than a single defined molecule.

• Item-specific identifiers
  • CAS: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular formula: Not applicable (mixture).
  • Molecular weight: Not applicable (mixture).
  • SMILES / InChI / InChIKey: Not applicable to formulated mixtures.
• Composition (general literature description, not item specification)
  • ACD systems are aqueous solutions containing a citrate buffer (typically trisodium citrate and citric acid) plus dextrose (glucose).
  • The citrate components chelate Ca2+, interrupting the coagulation cascade; dextrose supports cellular metabolism of collected blood in vitro.
• Structural features (general chemistry)
  • Citrate species: tri-carboxylate anion capable of polyvalent Ca2+ coordination.
  • Dextrose: polyhydroxy aldehyde (pyranose forms dominate in water), highly water soluble.
• Form B note (literature)
  • “ACD-B” denotes a particular citrate/dextrose ratio distinct from “ACD-A”; exact concentrations vary by formulation and pharmacopeial/organizational standard. Consult the CoA for this SKU for exact composition.

Synthetic Utility

Not typically applicable. ACD Anticoagulant (B) is a biological sample handling reagent and is not used as a building block or reagent in synthetic organic chemistry.

General chemistry note (literature)

• Citrate salts can act as chelating agents and pH adjusters in aqueous inorganic/analytical chemistry, and dextrose can serve as a benign reducing agent in some nanoparticle preparations. However, such uses rely on defined single-component reagents rather than formulated anticoagulant mixtures.

For synthetic or analytical chemistries requiring citrate or glucose, consider sourcing pure trisodium citrate, citric acid, or D-(+)-glucose with the appropriate grade and documentation.

Target Specificity

Not applicable. This product is not an antibody, probe, or targeted affinity reagent.

• No antigen, epitope, clone, isotype, or species reactivity information applies.

Domande frequenti

How should this product be stored?

Store at 2–8 °C. Refrigerated storage is required to maintain the specified shelf life.