Acid red 405 , CAS No.83833-37-8

CAS: 83833-37-8 Cat. No.: A1450373 Formula: C₃₆H₂₄CrN₉Na₂O₉S Peso molecolare: 856.67 Numero EC: 281-013-0

Storage

Store at -20°C

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

Panoramica

Acid red 405 is an acid dye that can be decolorized when aluminum sulfate is used as a coagulant.

Specifications

Condizioni di conservazione di stoccaggio

Store at -20°C

Spedito in

Ice chest + Ice pads

Questo prodotto richiede spedizione a catena fredda. I servizi di terra e altri servizi economici non sono disponibili.

Nomi e identificatori

• Peso molecolare: 856.67

Application Protocols

No item-specific, validated protocols are provided in the Product Data. The following generic templates (literature/typical) are offered as starting points and must be optimized for your system.

• General aqueous stock preparation:
  • Weigh dye accurately; dissolve in DI water to a convenient concentration; filter (0.22 μm). Record λmax and A(λmax) to confirm concentration via Beer–Lambert using an empirically determined ε.
• Example staining workflow (general):
  • Fix sample as required. Incubate in dye working solution prepared in mildly acidic buffer for 5–30 min with gentle agitation. Rinse sequentially with water or aqueous alcohol until background is acceptable. Document pH, time, and temperature.
• Tracer use in flow visualization (general):
  • Prepare a stock in water or water/alcohol. Dose to yield visible contrast without exceeding absorbance linearity in detectors. Protect from light. Validate adsorption to tubing is negligible.
• Documentation and QC:
  • Include lot number, solvent, pH, and filtration details in SOPs. Archive reference spectra of each new lot.

Note: For any regulated or quantitative use, establish method suitability and acceptance criteria with lot-specific verification.

Biological Roles

• Intrinsic biological role: None. Acid red 405 is a laboratory dye for research use only and is not a metabolite or nutrient.
• Interaction with biomolecules (general for acid dyes):
  • Predominantly electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with protonated basic residues (lysine, arginine, histidine) in proteins under acidic conditions.
  • Possible secondary interactions include π–π stacking with aromatic residues and hydrogen bonding via heteroatoms.
• Utility in bioassays (general guidance, not item-specific):
  • Visual markers in gel/electrophoretic workflows, sample tracking, and tracer studies where absorbance in the visible range assists in monitoring.
  • Histological or cytological counterstaining in protocols that tolerate anionic dyes; selectivity and contrast depend strongly on pH, ionic strength, and fixation method.
• Spectroscopy considerations:
  • Many acid dyes provide strong visible absorbance enabling rapid quantitation. For any given lot, determine exact λmax and extinction coefficient in the intended buffer prior to analytical use (establish a standard curve).
• Biocompatibility/toxicity: Item-specific biological safety data are not provided; consult the SDS and perform risk assessments. Avoid live-cell exposure unless biocompatibility is explicitly established for the application (not provided here).

Buffer Applications

No item-specific buffer recipes are provided. The following are general guidelines for preparing dye solutions for research use.

• Stock solutions (general):
  • Solvent: Deionized water or aqueous ethanol/IPA as needed for dissolution. Filter (0.22 μm) to remove particulates.
  • Concentration: Choose based on assay pathlength and sensitivity; prepare a serial dilution series to define linear range. Label exact concentration gravimetrically.
  • pH: For acid dyes, mildly acidic buffers (e.g., acetate or citrate, pH 3–6) can enhance binding to cationic substrates; verify compatibility with your sample.
• Working solutions:
  • Prepare fresh or store aliquots protected from light at low temperature to limit photofading and microbial growth.
  • Include salt only if needed; higher ionic strength can reduce non-specific electrostatic binding but may also diminish desired interactions.
• Common buffer systems (general examples; not item-specific specs):
  • Acetate buffer (pH 3.5–5.5), Citrate buffer (pH 3–6), or mildly acidic phosphate buffers when substrate stability allows.
• Practical considerations:
  • Rinsing: Background may be reduced with graded water/ethanol rinses.
  • Compatibility: Avoid strong oxidants and high-pH conditions if the chromophore is base- or oxidant-labile (general caution for many dyes).

Green Alternatives

Selecting greener options centers on solvent systems and dye lifecycle. Item-specific eco-metrics are not provided for this dye; consider the following general strategies.

• Solvent choices:
  • Prefer water as primary solvent where feasible; it minimizes VOCs and flammability.
  • If organic co-solvents are required, consider ethanol or isopropanol over higher-toxicity alternatives (e.g., DMF, DMSO) when performance allows.
• Alternative dyes (general, application-dependent):
  • Food-grade colorants or naturally derived dyes for non-critical visualization tasks can reduce hazard and waste issues, but often have inferior lightfastness and narrower spectral features.
  • High-stability synthetic dyes (e.g., certain sulfonated chromophores) may offer improved photostability, reducing replacement frequency and waste.
• Process improvements:
  • Use concentrated stock solutions to reduce packaging and shipping mass.
  • Implement membrane or adsorptive capture in waste streams to prevent color release; regenerate where possible.
• Comparative considerations (general):
  • Parameter | Conventional approach | Greener approach
  • VOCs | Aqueous/organic blends | Water-rich or water-only
  • Hazard | Unknown dye-specific | Choose dyes with known low-tox profiles/SDS clarity
  • End-of-life | Colored aqueous waste | Capture/adsorb and decolorize prior to disposal

Note: Substituting dyes may impact color strength, λmax, and binding mode; always validate performance before process adoption.

Pharmaceutical Uses

• Regulatory/compendial status: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and applicable pharmacopeias if considering GMP-adjacent applications.
• Role in formulations (general, non-clinical):
  • Dyes can serve as colorants in non-clinical development studies (e.g., process visualization, tracer studies) and in device/instrument qualification where visible tracking is advantageous.
  • In analytical development, colored markers may aid visualization of layers, interfaces, or flow patterns.
• Constraints:
  • This product is labeled For research use only and is not intended for human or animal therapeutic, diagnostic, or food/cosmetic use.
  • Any use in pharmaceutical manufacturing would require full qualification (identity, purity profile, residual solvents, elemental impurities, microbiological quality) not provided here.
• Practical notes:
  • Validate extractables/leachables impacts when dyes contact polymeric disposables.
  • Confirm spectral non-interference with assay readouts; avoid overlap with actives or excipients in UV–Vis methods.

Physical Properties

Only item-specific data from the Product Data may be treated as specifications; no numerical physical constants were provided for this SKU.

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Melting point (MP): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Boiling point (BP): Not applicable for solid dyes that decompose before boiling (general statement; not a spec).
• Density: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Solubility:
  • Item-specific solubility: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • General (literature/class): Acid dyes are typically water-soluble (often highly) and also dissolve in polar organic solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol) to varying extents; ionic strength and pH strongly impact solubility.
• LogP, pKa, refractive index: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Spectral properties (λmax, ε): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. Note that acid dyes commonly display strong visible absorptions due to extended conjugation (general literature).

Quality and Grades

• Grade/purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• What grade implies (general guidance):
  • Research grade dyes typically control for inorganic salts, insolubles, and tinting strength/absorbance profile; analytical or HPLC/tracer grades may further control UV-vis spectrum, dye content, and metal contaminants to support quantitative work.
  • If a stabilizer is present (not specified here), it can influence background staining, baseline absorbance, and compatibility with coupling chemistries.
• Verification and QC suggestions (general, for dye reagents):
  • Record a UV–Vis spectrum in intended solvent to verify λmax position and absorbance ratio(s) vs literature/CoA.
  • Check insoluble content by 0.2 μm filtration; note any particulate.
  • For quantitative staining/tracing, determine extinction coefficient in your matrix using a weighed reference solution.
• Documentation for this SKU:
  • Any item-specific specifications (purity %, stabilizers, metals, water content, λmax) are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • For regulated work, request lot-specific CoA to confirm conformance to your method acceptance criteria.

Reaction and Applications

This product is primarily a dye/tracer for laboratory workflows rather than a general-purpose synthetic reagent.

• Synthetic chemistry reactivity: Not typically employed as a reagent or catalyst. If the chromophore contains azo linkages (common in acid dyes; general), it can undergo reduction/oxidation in specialized studies, but such transformations are not typical application modes for staining.
• Laboratory applications (general/class, not item-specific):
  • Staining of proteinaceous materials under acidic conditions where cationic sites are protonated (electrostatic binding of anionic dyes).
  • Tracer or visibility aid in chromatography fractions, electrophoresis loading buffers, or flow visualization, when spectral compatibility is acceptable.
  • Colorimetric standards or calibration of spectrophotometers in the visible region (after determining ε empirically for the lot/solvent).
• Practical considerations:
  • Optimize pH: Acid dyes generally bind better at lower pH; verify the tradeoff with substrate stability.
  • Rinse protocols: Background can be reduced by graded aqueous/alcoholic rinses or salt controls.
  • Quantitation: Establish a standard curve under your exact conditions to account for matrix and pathlength.
• Compatibility:
  • Strong oxidants and UV can bleach many dyes; minimize exposure.
  • Certain cationic surfactants or polycations may precipitate anionic dyes (charge pairing). Test beforehand.

Reaction Conditions

No item-specific reaction conditions are provided, and this product is not primarily intended as a synthetic reagent. The following general information may help if performing studies on dye stability or interactions.

• Stability tests (general):
  • Oxidative bleaching: Assess resistance to H2O2 or hypochlorite under controlled, dilute conditions; monitor by UV–Vis.
  • Reductive sensitivity: Test with sodium dithionite or metal/acid systems if investigating azo-type reduction.
• Sorption/complexation studies:
  • Perform isotherms in buffered water at controlled ionic strength; record pH and temperature. Analyze by UV–Vis.
• Photostability:
  • Expose solutions to defined light flux; compare protected vs exposed controls to determine photofading kinetics.
• Practical parameters (general/literature-style guidance):
  • Solvent: Water or water/alcohol mixtures.
  • Temperature: Ambient unless accelerated testing is intended (e.g., 40–60°C for stress studies).
  • Time: Until spectral changes reach steady state; record timepoints to extract rates.

Note: If you require reaction or coupling data specific to Acid red 405, please consult the item’s CoA/Spec Sheet and primary literature tied to CAS 83833-37-8.

Safety and Handling

GHS/label information specific to this item is not provided in the Product Data. Always consult the product SDS for authoritative safety data.

• GHS classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Signal word / H-statements / pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• General hazards for acid/anionic dyes (literature/general):
  • May cause eye, skin, and respiratory irritation. Avoid generating dust/aerosols. Handle in a fume hood when weighing to limit inhalation exposure.
  • Some colorants can stain skin and labware persistently.
• Recommended PPE: Lab coat, nitrile gloves, splash goggles; use dust mask or respirator if dust generation cannot be controlled (per risk assessment).
• Incompatibilities (general): Strong oxidizers may degrade the chromophore; strong reducing agents can affect azo linkages (if present). Avoid contact with strong bases if the dye is base-labile.
• First-aid (overview; defer to SDS):
  • Skin/eye contact: Rinse with copious water for ≥15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing.
  • Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
  • Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek medical attention.
• Environmental: Prevent release to drains; dyes can be persistent and visibly discolor aqueous waste. Use appropriate waste containers.
• Storage note: See Storage & Reconstitution tab for item-specific storage at −20°C.

Solvent Selection

Because Acid red 405 is an acid-class dye intended for aqueous/acidic contexts, solvent choice focuses on dissolution, stability, and matrix compatibility.

• Polarity and miscibility (general/class):
  • Typically dissolves in water and polar protic solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol). Solubility can improve with slight acidification (e.g., dilute acetic acid) if the dye exists as an anion at neutral pH.
  • Limited solubility is common in nonpolar solvents; consider co-solvents if formulating into organics.
• Choosing a medium (use-case driven):
  • Aqueous staining/tracing: Use deionized water or buffer at the pH required by the substrate (e.g., acidic buffers for protein/fiber protonation). Filter through 0.22 μm to remove particulates.
  • Electrophoresis or imaging: Water or aqueous alcohols can be used; avoid solvents that collapse gels or interfere with detection.
  • Coatings/inks: Water/ethanol/IPA blends can balance drying time and substrate wetting; test for color fastness.
• Practical tips:
  • Adjust ionic strength and pH to optimize substrate binding; elevated salt can screen electrostatic interactions.
  • For stock solutions, prepare at a convenient concentration based on your detection limits; verify stability over time by UV–Vis.
  • Protect solutions from light to minimize photofading (common to many dyes; general guidance).

Storage and Reconstitution

• Storage conditions (item-specific): Store at −20°C (Product Data). Protect from light and moisture. Keep container tightly closed.
• Shipping (item-specific): Shipped in an ice chest with ice pads to help maintain a low temperature during transit.
• Stability guidance (general for dyes):
  • Solid form typically offers better long-term stability than solution. Minimize temperature cycling and exposure to ambient humidity; consider desiccation.
  • Photolabile behavior is common among dyes; store in amber or opaque secondary containment.
• Reconstitution (general):
  • Use DI water or suitable polar solvent/buffer. Start with modest concentrations to ensure complete dissolution; gentle stirring or brief sonication can help. Filter (0.22 μm) if particulate is observed.
  • Prepare single-use aliquots to avoid repeated freeze–thaw. Label aliquots with concentration, solvent, and preparation date.
• In-use handling:
  • Thaw aliquots at room temperature, mix thoroughly, and keep protected from light. Discard if precipitation, unexpected spectral shifts, or microbial growth are observed.
• Shelf life: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Research use only: This product is intended for laboratory research. Consult the SDS for safety details prior to use.

Structure and Identity

Brief overview: Acid red 405 is an anionic dye in the “Acid Red” class commonly used in aqueous/acidic media for staining and tracer applications. Item-specific structural identifiers are not provided in the Product Data.

• Product name: Acid red 405 (SKU: A1450373)
• CAS: 83833-37-8
• Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Structural features (general knowledge):
  • Acid dyes are typically anionic chromophores used under acidic conditions; many contain azo (–N=N–) and/or sulfonate groups to enhance water solubility and fiber/protein affinity. This is general to the class and not item-specific.
  • 2D description (general): conjugated aromatic system(s) bearing ionizable/acidic substituents that promote solubility and electrostatic interactions with cationic sites in substrates (e.g., protonated amino groups).

Synthetic Utility

As a ready-made dye, Acid red 405 is not commonly used as a synthetic building block. The following notes address general chemistry relevant to many acid/azo-class dyes.

• Functional motifs (general):
  • Acid dyes often contain sulfonate groups (for aqueous solubility) and extended aromatic conjugation; azo linkages (–N=N–) are common but not guaranteed for this specific item.
• Reactivity considerations:
  • Azo chromophores can undergo reduction to hydrazo/amine products under strong reducing conditions (e.g., Zn/acid, Na2S2O4), altering color (literature/general).
  • Electrophilic aromatic substitution on heavily substituted dye scaffolds is typically deactivated; further functionalization can be challenging.
• Utility in methods development:
  • Serve as visible tracers in flow chemistry to monitor residence time and mixing (non-reactive marker usage).
  • Useful as test probes for adsorption/ion-exchange studies owing to charge and chromophoric properties.
• Analytical utility:
  • Establish calibration curves in target matrices to validate Beer–Lambert linearity, stray light, and photometric accuracy of spectrophotometers in the visible range (after determining λmax/ε empirically for the prepared solution).

Target Specificity

No antibody/biomolecule targeting information is associated with this product.

• Antigen/epitope: Not applicable.
• Species reactivity / clone / isotype: Not applicable.

This dye does not have target specificity in the immunochemical sense; binding in staining workflows is governed by physicochemical interactions (charge, hydrophobicity) rather than antigen recognition.