Agrobacterium rhizogenes Medium (YEB) - BioReagent

Cat. No.: A1528455

GRADE & PURITY BioReagent

Storage

Room temperature

Shipped In

Normal

Panoramica

For the cultivation of Agrobacterium rhizogenes

Specifications

Specifiche e purezza

BioReagent

Condizioni di conservazione di stoccaggio

Room temperature

Spedito in

Normal

Grado

BioReagent

Product Line

Prodotti biologici

Application Protocols

General preparation and use workflow (guidance; adjust per SOP). No item-specific mass-per-liter or pH targets are provided here—follow label/CoA.

A. Medium preparation (1 L batch)

1. Add the manufacturer-recommended amount of powder to ~900 mL of purified water with vigorous stirring.
2. Warm gently (~40–50 C) to aid dissolution; bring to 1.00 L with water.
3. Distribute into appropriate vessels (e.g., 250–1000 mL baffled flasks at ≤20–25% working volume).
4. Sterilize by autoclaving at 121 C for 15–20 min. Allow to cool to ~50–55 C.
5. Aseptically add filter-sterilized supplements as required (e.g., antibiotics, acetosyringone). Mix gently.
6. For plates, add sterile molten agar (if not preformulated), mix, and pour into sterile petri dishes. Let solidify; dry plates briefly in a biosafety cabinet.

B. Inoculation and culture (Agrobacterium rhizogenes; literature)

1. Inoculate with a single colony or glycerol stock into 3–10 mL medium; incubate 26–28 C, 180–250 rpm overnight.
2. Scale up to larger volumes if needed to reach OD600 appropriate for downstream use (e.g., 0.5–1.0 for plant infection).
3. For selective maintenance, include appropriate antibiotics post-sterilization.

C. Quality checks

• Verify sterility by incubating an uninoculated control.
• Record pH (if part of SOP), OD600 growth curve, and plate morphology for lot qualification.

Biological Roles

This product functions as a nutrient medium to support the growth and metabolism of Agrobacterium rhizogenes in research workflows.

Role in microbial physiology (literature/general):

• Carbon and energy: Carbohydrate components supply readily metabolizable carbon to fuel central metabolism (glycolysis, TCA), accelerating biomass accumulation.
• Nitrogen, vitamins, and growth factors: Yeast and beef extracts provide amino acids, peptides, B-vitamins, and trace cofactors that support rapid growth and biosynthetic capacity.
• Ions and osmotic balance: Mineral salts maintain ionic strength, magnesium supports ribosomal function and enzyme catalysis, and overall composition stabilizes osmotic conditions conducive to Agrobacterium proliferation.

Role in plant–microbe workflows (literature):

• Pre-induction of virulence: Some protocols supplement cultures with acetosyringone or related phenolics (post-sterilization) to enhance vir gene expression prior to or during co-cultivation with plant tissues.
• Plasmid maintenance: When combined with appropriate antibiotics, the medium maintains selection for binary vectors and helper plasmids in Agrobacterium.

Notes and limits:

• Exact composition and resulting metabolic profile vary with supplier and lot for complex media; therefore, growth kinetics and transformation efficiency should be verified empirically.
• No clinical/diagnostic use is intended; For research use only (specified for this item). Consult CoA for any lot-specific preparation notes.

Buffer Applications

This product is a complex growth medium, not a dedicated buffering system. It is not typically used to make defined laboratory buffers or electrophoresis solutions.

• Buffering capacity: Intrinsic buffering arises from peptides and phosphates in the formulation, but pH can drift during growth due to metabolic acid/base production (general observation for rich media).
• When controlled pH is required (e.g., during co-cultivation), researchers often supplement media with a defined buffer such as MES, MOPS, or phosphate (post-sterilization if needed). Concentrations and pH targets are protocol-specific and should be validated (literature guidance).

For defined buffering needs, use dedicated buffer systems and consult validated methods; apply this medium primarily for cultivation of Agrobacterium rhizogenes as described in other sections.

Green Alternatives

YEB-type media are generally benign aqueous systems once prepared; the main environmental considerations are energy/water use for sterilization, packaging waste, and potential animal-derived components.

Greener practice considerations (general):

• Energy: Optimize autoclave loads (full loads, appropriate cycles) to reduce energy and water consumption. Where feasible, sterile filtration can reduce autoclave use for heat-labile small volumes.
• Waste minimization: Prepare only the volume needed; store aliquots refrigerated to reduce discard. Use reusable glassware when compatible with your QC.
• Animal-free formulations: If avoiding animal-derived components (e.g., beef extract) is a sustainability or regulatory goal, consider plant peptone/yeast-extract media (e.g., YEP or soy/vegetable peptone variants) that can yield comparable growth for Agrobacterium (literature). Performance must be validated.
• Safer additives: Add only necessary antibiotics or inducers at minimal effective concentrations to reduce hazardous waste burden.

Illustrative comparison (literature, general; not item-specific):

• YEB (with beef extract): Robust growth; includes animal-derived material; rich organic load increases COD in effluent.
• Plant-peptone alternative: Similar growth in many cases; avoids animal origin; composition may need optimization for equivalent performance.

Always assess environmental impact within your facility’s EHS framework and validate any media substitutions for growth rate and transformation outcomes.

Pharmaceutical Uses

This product is not an excipient and is not intended for pharmaceutical formulation or clinical manufacturing.

Research/manufacturing context (general):

• Use case: Laboratory-scale cultivation of Agrobacterium rhizogenes in plant biotechnology and molecular biology research.
• Regulatory status: No pharmacopeial monograph applies to this complex medium. It is supplied as BioReagent grade for research use only (specified) and is not qualified for GMP, diagnostic, or therapeutic applications.

If a regulated process requires a similar medium, users must qualify composition, suppliers, and processes under their quality system, generate appropriate QC specifications (e.g., sterility, pH after preparation, growth promotion tests), and maintain full documentation. Such specifications are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and your internal SOPs.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physico-chemical specifications have not been provided for this catalog entry. Where useful, literature/general expectations for YEB-type media are noted; these are not item specifications.

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Form: Dehydrated culture medium (general description for this product type)
• Solubility: Readily soluble in purified water with gentle heating and stirring (literature, typical for YEB components)
• pH (prepared medium): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. (Literature preparations of YEB are often adjusted near neutral pH, but composition-dependent.)
• Density/Bulk density (powder): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Melting/boiling point, refractive index, logP, pKa: Not applicable/relevant to complex media; Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Practical notes (general/literature):

• Dissolution is facilitated by warming to ~40–50 C with magnetic stirring; avoid boiling to prevent Maillard browning.
• Undissolved particulates typically clear after complete hydration; if persistent, allow to stand briefly and mix again before sterilization.
• Prepared medium is usually clear to slightly opalescent, depending on exact composition and water quality.

Always consult the lot-specific CoA for any declared ranges (e.g., pH after preparation) and follow your lab’s validated method for medium preparation and QC.

Quality and Grades

• Item grade: BioReagent (specified). BioReagent grade denotes suitability for life-science research workflows where consistent nutrient profiles, low bioburden, and reproducible performance are important.

What BioReagent typically implies (general):

• Controlled raw materials: Yeast/beef extracts, peptones, carbohydrates, and salts sourced to meet research-grade specifications for lot-to-lot consistency.
• Microbial performance: Formulated to support robust growth of the intended organism(s) under standard conditions (literature: YEB is widely used for Agrobacterium spp.).
• Low bioburden: Manufactured and packaged to minimize pre-use contamination; final sterilization is performed by the end user (e.g., autoclaving/filtration) immediately prior to culture use.
• Documentation: Lot-specific CoA typically includes appearance, solubility, and pH of a prepared sample; verify against your method. Any such numeric values are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

What is specific to this item:

• Application focus: Formulated for Agrobacterium rhizogenes culture (YEB-type medium) in research settings.
• Storage condition: Room temperature (specified). Shipped under normal conditions (specified).

Recommendations:

• Qualify a new lot by preparing a standard batch and confirming expected growth characteristics for your strain(s) and workflow (e.g., growth rate, colony morphology).
• Record water quality, preparation temperature/time, sterilization cycle, and post-sterilization supplements to ensure reproducibility across lots.

Reaction and Applications

While not a chemical reagent, this medium is applied in microbial/plant biotechnology workflows centered on Agrobacterium rhizogenes.

Typical research applications (literature/general):

• Routine cultivation and maintenance of Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains used for plant transformation and hairy root induction studies.
• Preparation of starter cultures for binary vector propagation, conjugation, and plasmid maintenance where a rich medium enhances growth.
• Pre-culture prior to infection of plant explants or seedlings; medium supports biomass accumulation to targeted optical density (e.g., OD600 ~0.5–1.0) before co-cultivation (literature ranges; optimize per strain/protocol).
• Selective culture when supplemented with antibiotics (e.g., rifampicin, kanamycin, spectinomycin) appropriate to strain and vector; additives are researcher-defined and not part of this item.

Practical tips (general):

• Use freshly prepared, sterile medium. For transformations, many protocols include induction compounds (e.g., acetosyringone) added post-sterilization to promote vir gene expression during co-culture (literature).
• Maintain culture temperatures commonly in the 26–28 C range for Agrobacterium rhizogenes with shaking 180–250 rpm for aeration (literature guidance).
• Record OD600 versus time to benchmark growth for new lots and water sources; rich media can alter doubling times and downstream infection efficiency.

Note: No item-specific performance claims or supplement concentrations are provided. Validate with your organism, vector system, and plant species under your institutional SOPs.

Reaction Conditions

Interpreted as culture/preparation conditions for this microbiological medium. Values below are general literature guidance and NOT item-specific specifications.

• Reconstitution: Dissolve the manufacturer-recommended mass of powder in purified water to the target volume with stirring. Exact g/L is Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/label.
• pH: Adjust only if directed by your protocol; typical YEB preparations are near neutral (literature), but follow your method.
• Sterilization: Autoclave at 121 C for 15–20 min. For heat-labile supplements (antibiotics, acetosyringone), sterile-filter and add after cooling to ~50–55 C.
• Incubation (Agrobacterium rhizogenes, literature): 26–28 C, shaking 180–250 rpm for broth cultures to ensure aeration. Colony growth on plates at comparable temperatures.
• Growth monitoring: Measure OD600; many workflows harvest at OD600 ~0.5–1.0 for infection/co-cultivation. Calibrate spectrophotometer pathlength and dilution factors.
• Selection: Add antibiotics at strain/vector-appropriate concentrations (protocol-dependent). Prepare sterile stock solutions and confirm stability.
• Shelf life (prepared, literature): Broth stored at 2–8 C is commonly used within 1–2 weeks; plates within 2–4 weeks in sealed bags to limit drying. Validate locally.

Always confirm and document your validated conditions in SOPs; adjust based on strain behavior, downstream application, and facility biosafety guidelines.

Safety and Handling

GHS/SDS status for this specific item has not been provided. Treat dehydrated culture media as laboratory chemicals and follow institutional biosafety procedures.

• GHS Classification / Pictograms / H-Statements / Signal Word: Not specified for this item; refer to the SDS.
• Primary hazards (general): Nuisance dust; respiratory/skin/eye irritation possible. After inoculation/use, media should be treated as biohazardous and autoclaved prior to disposal.
• PPE: Laboratory coat, safety glasses, and appropriate gloves. Use a dust mask or work in a fume hood/biological safety cabinet if dust generation is possible.
• Incompatibilities: Avoid strong oxidizers contacting organic-rich powders. Keep away from moisture to prevent caking and microbial contamination.
• Handling: Minimize dust; do not inhale. Use clean, dry utensils. When preparing media, add powder slowly to water with stirring to avoid clumping.
• Sterilization hazards: During autoclaving, do not tightly cap vessels; allow steam venting to prevent pressure buildup. Avoid overfilling flasks. Use heat-resistant gloves and face protection when handling hot vessels.
• First aid (overview): If inhaled, move to fresh air; if symptomatic, seek medical attention. In case of eye/skin contact, rinse with water for several minutes; remove contaminated clothing. If ingested, rinse mouth and seek medical advice.

Always consult the product’s SDS and your institution’s EHS guidance for authoritative safety information and disposal requirements.

Solvent Selection

This product is reconstituted with water to prepare liquid broth or agar plates. Classic solvent selection criteria for small-molecule reactions do not apply; instead, focus on water quality and ancillary additives.

• Primary solvent: Purified water (ASTM Type 1 or Type 2; 18.2–10 MΩ·cm), freshly produced to minimize microbial/TOC contamination (general guidance).
• Dissolution: Add powder slowly to room-temperature water with vigorous stirring; gentle warming (~40–50 C) can aid dissolution. Avoid localized overheating.
• Sterilization: Autoclave at 121 C for 15–20 minutes or sterile-filter (0.22 µm) if components are heat labile. Parameters are literature guidance; Not specified for this item—verify with your SOP.
• Supplements: Many uses require antibiotic(s), acetosyringone, or other heat-sensitive additives; filter-sterilize these and add after cooling to ~50–55 C (for broth) or ~50 C before pouring plates (literature).

Comparison (literature, typical):

• YEB vs LB: YEB is richer (beef/yeast extract plus carbohydrate), often supporting faster Agrobacterium growth; LB is simpler and may yield lower biomass for Agrobacterium.
• YEB vs YEP: Both are yeast extract–peptone-based; YEB commonly includes beef extract and a carbohydrate, providing broader nutrient coverage.

Note: No item-specific dissolution mass per liter or pH targets are provided here; follow the label/CoA for exact preparation instructions.

Storage and Reconstitution

• Storage (as supplied): Room temperature (specified). Keep container tightly closed in a cool, dry place. Protect from moisture and microbial contamination. Shipped under normal conditions (specified).
• Shelf life: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and product label for best-by or retest dates. Avoid prolonged exposure to high humidity.

Reconstitution (general guidance):

• Water quality: Use freshly produced purified water (ASTM Type 1/2). Record conductivity/TOC per your QC.
• Dissolution: Add powder gradually with stirring; warm gently (~40–50 C) if needed. Avoid boiling.
• Sterilization: Autoclave at 121 C for 15–20 min or sterile-filter if required by your protocol. Cool to ~50–55 C before adding heat-labile supplements.
• Post-preparation storage (literature):
  • Broth: Store at 2–8 C, protected from light if light-sensitive supplements are present; use within 1–2 weeks or per your validated hold time.
  • Plates: Store inverted at 2–8 C in sealed sleeves/bags to prevent desiccation; use within 2–4 weeks.
• Freeze–thaw: Do not freeze dehydrated powder. Avoid repeated heating/cooling cycles of prepared media; prepare in aliquots sized for single use.

Note: Exact preparation mass per liter, expected pH, and any stabilizers are Not specified for this item; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet and follow institutional SOPs.

Structure and Identity

This product is a complex, dehydrated microbiological medium formulated for cultivation of Agrobacterium rhizogenes (YEB, Yeast Extract–Beef). It is not a single defined chemical compound.

• SKU: A1528455
• Product Name: Agrobacterium rhizogenes Medium (YEB)
• Type: Complex culture medium (mixture of organic/inorganic nutrients)
• Molecular Formula: Not applicable to a mixture; Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular Weight: Not applicable to a mixture; Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• SMILES / InChI / InChIKey: Not applicable to a mixture; Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

2D structure description (general):

• Complex blend typically containing peptones/tryptones, beef extract, yeast extract, carbohydrate(s), and mineral salts (literature, typical for YEB). No discrete molecular structure is defined for the product as a whole.

Identity notes:

• Grade: BioReagent (specified for this item)
• Intended use: Research use only (specified for this item)
• Category: Life Science (生命科学) culture medium

Because this is a formulated mixture, conventional small‑molecule identifiers and stereochemical descriptors do not apply. For lot-specific composition and identity testing, consult the Certificate of Analysis (CoA) and product Specification Sheet.

Synthetic Utility

Not a small-molecule reagent or building block; therefore, conventional synthetic organic “utility” (e.g., functional group interconversions, named reactions) does not apply.

Relevant laboratory utility (general):

• Biological tool: Serves as a nutrient platform to cultivate Agrobacterium rhizogenes for workflows enabling plant genetic manipulation (e.g., hairy root induction) in basic research.
• Selection matrix: When supplemented with appropriate antibiotics or inducers post-sterilization, it can support plasmid maintenance and experimental selection schemes.

For chemical synthesis tasks, refer to appropriate solvent/reagent sections in our catalog; for biological culture applications, see Reaction & Applications and Application Protocols.

Target Specificity

Not applicable. This product is not an antibody, probe, or targeted binding reagent. It is a general-purpose culture medium for Agrobacterium rhizogenes research use.