Ammonium polyphosphate（APP） - n≥1000 , CAS No.68333-79-9

CAS: 68333-79-9 Cat. No.: A189185 EC Number: 269-789-9

GRADE & PURITY n≥1000

Synonyms

Polyphosphoric acids ammonium salts

Storage

Room temperature

Shipped In

Normal

Specifications

Synonyms

Polyphosphoric acids ammonium salts

Specifications & Purity

n≥1000

Storage

Room temperature

Shipped In

Normal

Names and Identifiers

• Pubchem Sid: 488188285
• Pubchem Sid Url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/488188285
• Canonical Smiles: [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]P(=O)([O-])[O-]
• IUPAC Name: triazanium;phosphate
• InChIKey: ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• INCHI: 1S/3H3N.H3O4P/c;;;1-5(2,3)4/h3*1H3;(H3,1,2,3,4)
• Isomeric SMILES: [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]P(=O)([O-])[O-]
• Reaxy-Rn: 13206739
• Reaxys-RN_link_address: https://www.reaxys.com/reaxys/secured/hopinto.do?context=S&query=IDE.XRN=13206739&ln=

Taxonomic Classification

Taxonomy Tree

• Kingdom Inorganic compounds
  • Superclass Homogeneous non-metal compounds
    • Class Non-metal oxoanionic compounds
      • Subclass Non-metal phosphates

• Kingdom: Inorganic compounds
• Superclass: Homogeneous non-metal compounds
• Class: Non-metal oxoanionic compounds
• Subclass: Non-metal phosphates
• Intermediate Tree Nodes: Not available
• Direct Parent: Non-metal phosphates
• Alternative Parents: Inorganic salts Inorganic oxides
• Molecular Framework: Not available
• Substituents: Non-metal phosphate - Inorganic oxide - Inorganic salt
• Description: This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as non-metal phosphates. These are inorganic non-metallic compounds containing a phosphate as its largest oxoanion.
• External Descriptors: Not available

Data sources

1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.

DOI: 10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y

Chemical and Physical Properties

• Molecular Weight: 149.090 g/mol
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 149.057 Da
• Monoisotopic Mass: 149.057 Da
• Topological Polar Surface Area: 89.300 Ų
• Heavy Atom Count: 8
• Formal Charge: 0
• Complexity: 36.800
• Isotope Atom Count: 0
• Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
• Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
• Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
• Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
• The total count of all stereochemical bonds: 0
• Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 4

XLogP3

References

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66. Yulian Chen, Lei Miao, Shunxiang Wang, An Wei, Xulan Lu, Yongjin Zou, Cuili Xiang, Songwen Fang, Lixian Sun, Fen Xu.  (2024)  Efficient Flame Retardant with Ultrahigh Limiting Oxygen Index Obtained by Self-Assembly Impregnation Method.  POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111167]

67. Hongyang Deng, Lixian Guo, Keping Chen, Pingfeng You, Ping Zhang, Yewei Xu, Ningning Song, Chunrong Tian, Jianhua Wang, Shuen Liang.  (2024)  End group capturing in polyurea elastomer by using aromatic dianhydrides for flame retardance.  COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111276]

68. Zilong Wang, Wanze Wu, Xiao Gong.  (2025)  Ethanol-induced ammonium polyphosphate-silver gels paint: breaking the trade-off between conductivity, flame retardancy and adhesion in single-layer functional coatings.  Materials Horizons,      [PMID:39871814] [10.1039/D4MH01684J]

69. Hong Chen, Min Sang, Yucheng Pan, Shilong Duan, Yuan Hu, Xinglong Gong.  (2024)  Fireproof Cavity Structure with Enhanced Impact Resistance and Thermal Insulation toward Safeguarding.  ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,      [PMID:39492797] [10.1021/acsami.4c12953]

70. Qinlian Liu, Xiaojie Tan, Xudong Li, Yiwen Li, Xuan Han, Shihao Cui, Dejian Xu, Yachao Liu, Rui Wang, Qingshan Zhao, Mingbo Wu.  (2024)  Flower-like CoSe2/N, P-doped carbon microspheres accommodated on carbon nanosheets for high-performance potassium-ion batteries.  Journal of Energy Storage,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.est.2024.111449]

71. Song He, Saiping Guo, Yuling Zhang, Yajun Huang.  (2025)  High performance thermal insulation blanket integrated with silica aerogel composites.  CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.03.369]

72. Shengnan Ouyang, Qing Jiang, Yuhang Wan, Xueru Qu, Zhicai Yu, Hualing He, Jinfeng Wang.  (2024)  High thermal buffer and radiative cooling sodium alginate-based Janus aerogel enables multi-scenario thermal management for firefighting clothing.  INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES,      [PMID:38945339] [10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133533]

73. Hongyang Deng, Lixian Guo, Keping Chen, Ping Zhang, Yewei Xu, Ningning Song, Chunrong Tian, Jianhua Wang, Shuen Liang.  (2024)  Highly flame retardant and mechanical strong polyurea through synergistic effects of aromatic dianhydride and ammonium polyphosphate.  POLYMER,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127951]

74. Chao Yan, Yiqun Fang, Mengfan Yan, Ruofan Yang, Weihong Wang, Yongming Song, Qingwen Wang.  (2025)  Imparting hydrophobicity and flame retardancy to wood using functionalized carbon nanotubes compounded with ammonium polyphosphate.  CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140886]

75. Dongdong Tang, Liangbo Zhu, Xie Li, Yuan Liu, Qi Wang.  (2024)  Improved flame resistance and thermal insulation properties of steel fireproof coatings based on polyvinyl alcohol @ expandable graphite.  PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.porgcoat.2024.108444]

76. Feng Peng, Jian Hong, Jie Cui, Ya-Ni An, Qian Guo, Qi Shen, Feng Cheng, Ya-Ping Xue, Yu-Guo Zheng.  (2024)  Improvement of an enzymatic cascade synthesis of nicotinamide mononucleotide via protein engineering and reaction-process reinforcement.  Biotechnology Journal,  19  (2): (2300748).  [PMID:38403401] [10.1002/biot.202300748]

77. Jing Ru, Xiaochen Xu, Yuxuan Cheng, Nan Luo, Shuo Tan, Xi Chen, Feng Chen, Bing-Qiang Lu.  (2025)  Influence of Polyphosphate on the Mineralization Balance of Tooth Enamel.  ACS Omega,      [PMID:40124016] [10.1021/acsomega.4c09093]

78. Jianfeng Hu, Shenghua Xu, Ye Wang, Xin Lai, Zhengbin Xia, Zhengguo Zhang, Peng Xie, Sixing Zhang.  (2024)  Integration of safety and energy storage: Experimental study on thermal and flame-retardant properties of ammonium polyphosphate/polyvinyl alcohol/modified melamine foam as a composite phase change material.  Journal of Energy Storage,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.est.2024.110852]

79. Minghao Li, Chunhui Chen, Wenqing Hai, Ziyang Jiang, Qian Meng, Enquan Hao, Hongjie Li, Huiqi Shao, Guangwei Shao, Jinhua Jiang, Nanliang Chen, Siyi Bi.  (2024)  Investigation of MXene@APP/FDS/AgNPs@EG system for preparing multifunctional thermoplastic polyurethane composites with flame retardancy and electromagnetic shielding performance.  COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108409]

80. Xiao Li, Dong Su, Yuyang Gu, Jia Zhang, Shu Li, Yao Xiao, Jiankang He, Wei Wang, Dichen Li.  (2024)  Laser fabrication of epidermal paper-based graphene sensors.  Applied Materials Today,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.apmt.2023.102051]

81. Xu Jin, Jing Zhang, Bin Wang, Xiaolu Li, Jing Zeng, Jiayu Ma, Ximeng Zhao, Wenqi Wu, José Sánchez del Río Sáez, Xiuqin Zhang, De-Yi Wang, Rui Wang.  (2024)  Multifunctional polylactic acid sensing fabric based on biomass flame retardants for intelligent fire early-warning.  INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES,      [PMID:38176481] [10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129158]

82. Xixi Di, Xia Zeng, Xiaoyu Zhang, Tian Tang, Zuoping Zhao, Wei Wang, Zhifeng Liu, Lingxia Jin, Xiaohui Ji, Xianzhao Shao.  (2024)  Nitrogen-phosphorus codoped biochar prepared from tannic acid for degradation of trace antibiotics in wastewater.  ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH,      [PMID:39672491] [10.1016/j.envres.2024.120589]

83. A.N.M.Masudur Rahman, Xueping Zhang, Xiaohong Qin.  (2025)  Novel cellulosic okra woven fabrics with enhanced flame retardant properties via synergistic coating of boric acid and ammonium polyphosphate.  POLYMER,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128289]

84. Hong Ningning, Liu Jingping, Gao Lei, Wu Zhongxiao, Huang Yang, Zhang Lijing, Wang Xin, Sun Jiansheng.  (2024)  Novel polysilazane microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate as flame retardant and smoke suppressant for thermoplastic polyurethane.  POLYMER BULLETIN,      [PMID:] [10.1007/s00289-024-05479-4]

85. Minghao Li, Yu Bai, Enquan Hao, Hongjie Li, Chunhui Chen, Wenqing Hai, Ziyang Jiang, Qian Meng, Huiqi Shao, Guangwei Shao, Siyi Bi, Jinhua Jiang, Nanliang Chen.  (2024)  Optimization of intumescent flame retardant system based on ammonium polyphosphate, double pentaerythritol, and zinc borate for thermoplastic polyurethane composite.  JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE,      [PMID:] [10.1002/app.55257]

86. An Wei, Meifeng Ou, Shunxiang Wang, Yongjin Zou, Cuili Xiang, Fen Xu, Lixian Sun.  (2024)  Preparation of a Highly Flame-Retardant Urea–Formaldehyde Resin and Flame Retardance Mechanism.  Polymers,  16  (13): (1761).  [PMID:39000619] [10.3390/polym16131761]

87. Dongdong Tang, Liangbo Zhu, Xie Li, Yao Ren, Yuan Liu, Qi Wang.  (2024)  Reinforced intumescent char combined with hollow glass microspheres to improve the fire-retardant and heat-insulation properties of fireproof coatings.  PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.porgcoat.2024.108839]

88. Hao Wang, Fang Wang, Ren-Yi Sun, Fei Song, Yu-Zhong Wang.  (2024)  Solvent-free epoxy coatings with enhanced cross-linking networks towards highly-efficient flame retardancy, water resistance and anticorrosion.  PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.porgcoat.2024.108835]

89. Jinbiao Zhao, Huimin Duan, Hao Yang, Zhichao Huang, Dongming Qi.  (2025)  Solvent-Free Preparation of Reactive Flame-Retardant Polyurethane Resin for Synthetic Leather Applications.  JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE,      [PMID:] [10.1002/app.56684]

90. Huang Zhichao, Wang Lin, Wu Hongfu, Zhang Junfeng, Wang Zhuo, Sun Fu, Duan Huimin, Qi Dongming.  (2024)  Study on the flame retardancy of reactive PU modified in situ using ammonium polyphosphate.  Journal of Coatings Technology and Research,      [PMID:] [10.1007/s11998-024-00968-7]

91. Hong Chen, Min Sang, Yuxi Sun, Zhentao Zhang, Yuan Hu, Xinglong Gong.  (2024)  Superior filaments-based fabric with thermal-mechanical-electrical coupling properties for remote temperature alarm.  CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.cej.2024.156856]

92. Wei-hang Chen, De-xiang Sun, Duo-yang Zhang, Xiao-dong Qi, Jing-hui Yang, Lin Wang, Yong Wang.  (2024)  Synchronously enhanced flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polylactic acid via in-situ assembly of polyphosphazene nanoparticles on ammonium polyphosphate.  CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.cej.2024.156361]

93. Siming Zheng, Wei Li, Yuyan Chen, Hanrui Yang, Yibing Cai, Qingqing Wang, Qufu Wei.  (2024)  Synergistic effect of stereo-complexation and interfacial compatibility in ammonium polyphosphate grafted polylactic acid fibers for simultaneously improved toughness and flame retardancy.  INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES,      [PMID:38311135] [10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129943]

94. Cui Baoyu, Cui Jiehu, Liu Chang, Fang Jiamin, Wang Shuxia, Du Xiuhong, Li Zhen.  (2024)  Synthesis of MgAl-LDH from three alkali sources for boosting flame retardancy of EP with APP.  CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.137997]

95. Xuqiang Zheng, Xinyu Chen, Xiaorong Guo, Jun Sun, Hongfei Li, Xiaoyu Gu, Sheng Zhang.  (2024)  Tannic acid coated ammonium polyphosphate: For flame retardant and UV resistant of polypropylene.  POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.110956]

96. Xukun Yang, Yange Wan, Nan Yang, Yilin Hou, Dantong Chen, Jiachen Liu, Guoshuai Cai, Mingchao Wang.  (2024)  The Effect of Different Diluents and Curing Agents on the Performance of Epoxy Resin-Based Intumescent Flame-Retardant Coatings.  Materials,  17  (2): (348).  [PMID:38255516] [10.3390/ma17020348]

97. Feijing Xu, Nian Yin, Shanjun Gao, Chunhui Shen.  (2025)  The Synergistic Effect of Ammonium Polyphosphate and a N/P/Si-Containing Intumescent Flame Retardant on the Flame-Retardant Properties of Polylactic Acid.  JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE,      [PMID:] [10.1002/app.56830]

98. Manping Pan, Kun Xiao, Tian Tian, Wang Liao.  (2024)  Thermochemical Foaming of Mixed Single-Use Plastics Toward Flame Retardant Potential Foams.  ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,      [PMID:] [10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c07454]

99. Menghan Guo, Wenqing Wang, Bin Zhai, Jingtao Li, Liran Zhang, Jingchun Li, Kexin Luo, Rui Wang.  (2024)  Ti3C2Tx MXene-based hybrid nanocoating for flame retardant, early fire-warning and piezoresistive tension sensing smart polyester fabrics.  Nanoscale,  16  (9): (4811-4825).  [PMID:38312063] [10.1039/D3NR06604E]

100. Jiayu Lu, Yan Zhang, Zongchun Gao, Yihao Yu, Dongming Qi.  (2024)  Towards multifunctional carbon composites: Rapid fabrication of hollow-skeleton and porous-skin composites derived from waste biomass.  CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.cej.2024.158408]

101. Zhenzhu Zhou, Zhihao Zhang, Junchao Huang, Yuhua Wang.  (2024)  Water-based intumescent fire resistance coating containing organic-modified glass fiber for steel structure.  Journal of Cleaner Production,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.140897]

102. Yajie Wu, Laiquan Lv, Huaan Li, Lijia Wei, Fengyongkang Wu, Hao Zhou.  (2025)  Development of a multifunctional composite phase change material with superior thermal conductivity, stability, and flame retardancy for battery thermal management.  Journal of Energy Storage,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.est.2025.117577]

103. Wei-hang Chen, Dou Hu, De-xiang Sun, Lin Guo, Jing-hui Yang, Yong Wang.  (2025)  Constructing polyphosphazene nanonetworks on ammonium polyphosphate to synchronously enhance the flame retardancy, mechanical and UV-shielding performances of polylactic acid.  INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES,      [PMID:40645250] [10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.145820]

104. Weijie Wei, Lifei Chen, Lan He, Jin Li, Yuanyuan Liu, Wubo Wan, Sheng Chen, Meng Li, Zhuwei Gao.  (2025)  Multifunctional fireproof coated polyurethane sponge for photothermal assisted efficient recovery of high viscosity oil.  Journal of Water Process Engineering,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108249]

105. Ying Sun, Yong Zhang, Haoyu Shi, Shujuan Wang, Jinlin Liu, Yu Luo, Cheng Zhang, Kun Zhang, Shi-xiong Li, Wei Fan.  (2025)  Hierarchically Engineered Flame-Retardant Triboelectric Yarn Exhibiting Robust Mechanical Performance and Humidity-Boosted Electrical Output for Firefighting Applications.  Advanced Science,      [PMID:40792351] [10.1002/advs.202507673]

106. Gengfeng Zhao, Beiwen Liang, Yue Li, Ruifeng He, Tingyu Wang, Zikai Guo, Jianzhe Liu, Xinxi Li.  (2025)  Investigation on flame retardant microcapsules based composite phase change material for battery thermal safety.  Journal of Energy Storage,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.est.2025.118010]

107. Fei Xiao, Wei He, Wenlong Shao, Xinke Huo, Leyuan Rao, Weixian Wang, Xuelian Lu, Honghong Wang, Kaiyuan Li, Bihe Yuan.  (2025)  Natural tannic acid-based intumescent coating towards efficient fire resistance and thermal performance for steel structure.  INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES,      [PMID:40834954] [10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.146983]

108. Shi-Neng Li, Yu-Qin Yang, Yu-Tong Xu, Qing-Yue Ni, Baiyu Jiang, Ben Wang, Wei Wang, Long-Cheng Tang.  (2025)  Facile synthesis of phosphorylated lignocellulosic nanofibril/graphene oxide composite film via co-milling method towards enhancing mechanical and flame-retardant performance.  POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111604]

109. Feng Gu, Xianhao He, Youhang Wei, Xiuxue Niu, Zhaosheng Cai, Bo Jiang, J.Y. Zhu, Wangxia Wang.  (2025)  Exceptional flame-retardant, super strong/tough, and superhydrophobic/self-cleaning wood.  Materials Today,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.mattod.2025.08.034]

110. Chunlin Chen, Beibei Ren, Guoqing Xiao, Xinyu Bai, Guirong Zhao, Chunyan Chen, Chuanlin Mou.  (2025)  Two-dimensional MXene-anchored P, N copolymer/MoS2 nanosheets with hierarchical nanostructures for improved flame protection of waterborne epoxy coatings.  COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.colsurfa.2025.138387]

111. Jipeng Dou, Yong Xie, Rui Chen, Yan Qin.  (2025)  Study on the Dispersion and Processing Performance of Activated Aluminum Hydroxide/Ammonium Polyphosphate Composite Flame Retardant System for Vinyl Ester Resin.  Polymers,  17  (5): (667).  [PMID:40076157] [10.3390/polym17050667]

112. Aoliang Liu, Zhuo Gao, Guoshuai Cai, Jingjing Li, Chenchen Qi, Jiali Bian, Yunling Zou, Haijun Zhang, Mingchao Wang.  (2025)  Preparation and characterization of expandable graphite/silicone resin co-modified polyurethane-based intumescent flame retardant thermal insulation coatings.  PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109316]

113. Jinpeng Wang, Yang Su, Xue Yang, Fengrong Xin, Jian Wang, Chaoyi Fan, Zhen Yang, Dandan Peng, Zhehong Shen, Qun Fang, Sai Wu.  (2025)  Molecular sieve loading phytic acid and ammonium polyphosphate: A novel approach for enhancing flame retardancy and smoke toxicity suppression of plywood.  CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141653]

114. Baojuan Deng, Hui Liu, Yi Xie, Fei Wang, Baojie Liu, Shuangfei Wang, Chengrong Qin, Chen Liang, Caoxing Huang, Shuangquan Yao.  (2025)  Unlocking the potential of lignin-activated in-situ char formation for fire-resistant foams.  CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.cej.2025.163680]

115. Yuhan Mai, Yang Zhou, Qihuang Ye, Zhiyou Wang, Chao Li, Yanling Chen, Huipingi Xiao, Yanyu Hu, Jiahui Li, Wei Zhang, Tongyao Wang, Haili Lin, Longguang Jiang, Cai Yuan, Peng Xu, Mingdong Huang.  (2025)  Bacteria-responsive antimicrobial and hemostatic cellulose-based dressing for wound treatments.  INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES,      [PMID:40381766] [10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144272]

116. Xie Shuangyu, Xie Yuhui, Lan Lugui, Wu Feng, Feng Dong, Meng Yang, Mei Yi, Xie Delong.  (2025)  Synergistic Flame Retardancy of a Bio-based Additive and Intumescent System for Enhanced Fire Safety in Flexible Polyurethane Foams.  JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT,      [PMID:] [10.1007/s10924-025-03569-6]

117. Changbo Zhang, Rongke You, Hongyang Cheng, Yongfang Jiang, Xue-Qing Zhan, Ning Ma, Fang-Chang Tsai.  (2025)  Flame retardant and smoke inhibition properties of microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate on polyvinyl chloride.  Progress in Natural Science-Materials International,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.pnsc.2025.05.005]

118. Fangshan Li, Kaixiong Zhao, Yuchao Ke, Chun Yang, Bibo Wang, Fukai Chu, Weizhao Hu, Lei Song, Yuan Hu.  (2025)  Polyphosphazene-Functionalized Boron Nitride Nanosheets as a Multifunctional Synergist for Enhanced Thermal-Oxidative Stability and Fire Safety of EPDM Composites.  ACS Applied Nano Materials,      [PMID:] [10.1021/acsanm.5c02043]

119. Xinyu Cui, Yichao Lin, Shuchen Wang, Ruiqi Li, Jian Liu, Jun Sun, Ye-Tang Pan, Sheng Zhang.  (2025)  Chitosan/ZIF-8 interface-modified ammonium polyphosphate as core-shell additive for synergistically enhancing flame retardancy and degradation performance of polylactic acid.  INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES,      [PMID:40494471] [10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.145114]

120. Feijing Xu, Zhaojian Ding, Shanjun Gao, Chunhui Shen.  (2025)  Effects of Intumescent Flame Retardants APP/CFA on Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of PP/SEBS Foams.  JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE,      [PMID:] [10.1002/app.57433]

121. Zhibiao Wei, Tao Yu, Jiang Du, Yan Li.  (2025)  Distribution optimization strategy inspired by natural structure considering the ignition modes of plant fiber reinforced composites in real fire scenarios.  COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.coco.2025.102510]

122. Penglun Zheng, Zijian Yang, Haihan Zhao, Antai Bian, Yuhao Zhou, Quanyi Liu, Yu Zhang, Zicheng Wang.  (2025)  Functionalized ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant with covalent anchoring strategy for epoxy resin with triple functions of flame retardancy, smoke suppression and char formation.  POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111525]

123. Yao Yan, Chengpeng Zhang, Junjie Guo, Guozhang Gu, Guoxiang Zou, Rong Yang.  (2025)  Enhancing the toughness and strength of flame-retardant PLA blends through triglycidyl isocyanurate driven reactive blending.  CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.cej.2025.165520]

124. Wang Zhan, Chao Chen, Qingwu Zhang, Qinghong Kong, Le Chen, Mingyi Chen, Lixia Li, Juncheng Jiang.  (2025)  Effects of Two-Dimensional Layered Composite Functional Filler on Intumescent Fire-Retardant Coatings.  ACS Applied Polymer Materials,      [PMID:] [10.1021/acsapm.5c01228]

125. Shang Fengju, Zhang Jiaqing, Wang Shuping, Cheng Yifeng, Shao Wenlong, Xiao Fei.  (2025)  Construction of an eco-friendly fire-protective coating for steel structures based on humic acid and ionic liquid–polyoxometalate hybrid.  Journal of Coatings Technology and Research,      [PMID:] [10.1007/s11998-025-01166-9]

126. Wang Wangxia, Wang Haoran, Niu Xiuxue, Wei Youhang, Cai Zhaosheng, Jiang Bo, Gu Feng, Zhu J. Y..  (2025)  Tough flame-retardant wood fabrication via lignin reassembly.  WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,  59  (6): (1-18).  [PMID:] [10.1007/s00226-025-01717-8]

127. Zhisheng Zhang, Fang Zhu, Tingting Yang, Yongkun Wu, Yue Shi, Hongxiang Ou.  (2025)  Preparation and Properties of Bio-Based TA/APP Synergistic Intumescent Flame Retardant Polyurethane.  JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE,      [PMID:] [10.1002/app.58170]

128. Hongyu Feng, Yudong Hu, Jiangbo Wang, Heyu Chen, Shaohua Jiang, Xiaoshuai Han.  (2025)  Rigid dextrin-based polyurethane foam for sustainable, high-performance building applications.  Journal of Cleaner Production,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.147212]

129. Hong Chen, Min Sang, Yan Li, Shuai Liu, Shilong Duan, Tongxin Nie, Jianpeng Wu, Yucheng Pan, Xinglong Gong.  (2025)  Mechanical and Fireproof Behaviors of Ammonium Polyphosphate Particles-Filled Shear-Stiffening Gels.  ACS Applied Polymer Materials,      [PMID:] [10.1021/acsapm.5c03185]

130. Zhuhan Xu, Long Li, Mengting Ye, Zhaojun Dong, Luyao Huang, Zhan Liu, Jun Li.  (2025)  One-Step Preparation of Lightweight Pulp Composite Foams with Synergistic Flame Retardant and Multiscale Insulation Structures.  Advanced Sustainable Systems,      [PMID:] [10.1002/adsu.202500726]

131. cui baoyu, Jiehu Cui, Mao Tenghao, liu chang, wang shuxia, cai jialin, Chen Hongwu.  (2025)  Enhanced Flame Retardancy in Epoxy Resins bu ZnAl-LDH/Ammonium Polyphosphate Synergism: Impact of Alkali Source Variation.  NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY,      [PMID:] [10.1039/D5NJ02698A]

132. Tianyu Zhou, Zhixiang Xing, Longtai Qi, Yecheng Liu.  (2025)  Enhancing the safety of lithium-ion batteries: synthesis and performance evaluation of APP@UF microcapsule electrolyte additives.  JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.jlp.2025.105906]

133. Hongcheng Mi, Jiwei Lu, Nailing Wang, Rui Xu, Lixia Li.  (2025)  Enhancement mechanism of ammonium polyphosphate on flotation separation of pyrite from fine serpentine.  COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.colsurfa.2025.139426]

134. Fei Xiao, Xinke Huo, Wenlong Shao, Bihe Yuan, Kaiyuan Li, Liping Zhu.  (2025)  A versatile eco-friendly intumescent coating imparts excellent fire protective performance for steel structures and batteries.  PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109850]

135. Dongyang Qiu, Mohammad Zaid Kamil, Mohammad Alauddin, Lijuan Liu, Xianfeng Chen, Chuyuan Huang, Paul Amyotte.  (2025)  Synergistic suppression of magnesium dust explosions by montmorillonite/ammonium polyphosphate composites: Experimental and kinetic modeling insights.  COMBUSTION AND FLAME,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.combustflame.2025.114667]

136. Yun Yang, Mengjuan Sun, Haoran Zhang, Shulin Huang, Jiahui Feng, Jinfeng Wang, Lei Pan.  (2025)  Efficient and Durable Flame-Retardant UHMWPE Fibers Enabled by Interfacial Modification.  JOURNAL OF VINYL & ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGY,      [PMID:] [10.1002/vnl.70043]

137. Jie Xu, Jiarui Zhang, Xiangrong Liu, Xiang Ao, De-Yi Wang, Jianjun Wu.  (2026)  Bio-based epoxy resin composites reinforced with surface-modified cellulose fabrics: Coupled enhancement of flame retardancy and mechanical performance.  INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES,      [PMID:41485657] [10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.150005]

138. Dongdong Tang, Huizhi Huang, Yao Ren, Qiuru Bao, Dawei Luo, Kai Zhang, Yuan Liu.  (2026)  A two-step method to construct a superhydrophobic, ceramicizable intumescent fire-retardant coating suitable for steel and RPU.  PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.porgcoat.2026.109951]

139. Song He, Ziqing Jiang, Saiping Guo, Yuling Zhang, Yajun Huang, Chengyang Cao.  (2026)  Silica aerogel blanket based on dip coating method for thermal runway blocking in lithium batteries.  Journal of Energy Storage,      [PMID:] [10.1016/j.est.2026.121004]

140. Meixia Lv, Xulan Lu, Shunxiang Wang, Yongjin Zou, Cuili Xiang, Fen Xu, Yuhong Wei, Lixian Sun.  (2026)  A Phosphorus–Nitrogen Synergistic Flame Retardant System for Wood Coatings: Enhanced Fire Resistance and Smoke Suppression.  ChemistrySelect,  11  (3): (e05212).  [PMID:] [10.1002/slct.202505212]

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