C.I. Direct red 84 , CAS No.6409-83-2

CAS: 6409-83-2 Cat. No.: C1450313 Formula: C₄₅H₂₈N₁₀Na₄O₁₃S₄ Peso molecolare: 1136.98 Numero EC: 229-089-6

Storage

Store at -20°C

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

Panoramica

C.I. Direct red 84 is a good dyeing agent for cotton fabrics.

Specifications

Condizioni di conservazione di stoccaggio

Store at -20°C

Spedito in

Ice chest + Ice pads

Questo prodotto richiede spedizione a catena fredda. I servizi di terra e altri servizi economici non sono disponibili.

Nomi e identificatori

• Peso molecolare: 1136.98

Application Protocols

• Item-specific

  • The manufacturer has not provided tested applications, recommended dilutions, or validated protocols for this product.

• General guidance (literature/practice; adapt and optimize empirically)

  • Aqueous stock preparation: Dissolve the dye in deionized water or appropriate buffer to a convenient stock concentration (e.g., 1–10 mg/mL), warming gently to aid dissolution. Filter through 0.22–0.45 μm to remove particulates.
  • Staining (materials/tissues): Immerse samples in dye solution with controlled pH/ionic strength; incubate with agitation until desired depth/contrast is achieved. Rinse to remove unbound dye. Optimize time, temperature, and salt as needed.
  • Spectrophotometry/calibration: Determine λmax in your medium; construct a calibration curve over the relevant concentration range, confirming linearity (R2 ≥ 0.999) and stability over the assay duration.
  • Storage of working solutions: Keep refrigerated and protected from light. Discard if precipitate forms or spectra change.

• Controls and validation

  • Include blanks (buffer only), matrix controls (substrate without dye), and, where relevant, desorption tests to assess non‑specific retention.

• Safety

  • Handle solutions with appropriate PPE; prevent aerosolization/splashing. Dispose of dye‑containing waste per institutional and local regulations.

Biological Roles

• Applicability

  • C.I. Direct Red 84 is a synthetic colorant for laboratory use. It does not have an intrinsic biological role. Content below provides general context on how anionic azo dyes may interact with biomatter; it is not a claim of biological function for this specific product.

• General interactions of anionic azo dyes with biomolecules (literature/general)

  • Electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions: Anionic sulfonated dyes can associate with cationic sites on proteins (e.g., lysine/arginine residues) and with ordered polymeric matrices (e.g., collagenous or cellulosic scaffolds) via hydrogen bonding and π‑π interactions.
  • Spectroscopic tracking: Strong visible absorbance enables use as tracers for transport studies in membranes, gels, and tissues in basic research settings.
  • pH sensitivity: Protonation states can modulate binding and spectral properties, making such dyes useful for qualitative mapping under controlled conditions.

• Cautions

  • Binding is typically non‑specific and influenced by pH, ionic strength, and competing electrolytes; do not infer selectivity without controls.
  • No data are provided here on cytotoxicity, permeability, or metabolism of C.I. Direct Red 84. For any work involving biological systems, perform appropriate compatibility and toxicity assessments and adhere to institutional biosafety rules.

• Item-specific

  • No biological activity or target information is specified for this item. It is supplied strictly for research use only.

Buffer Applications

• Applicability

  • As a dye, C.I. Direct Red 84 is not a buffering agent. However, it is commonly prepared and used in aqueous buffers for staining or analytical purposes.

• Practical guidance (literature/general)

  • Common media: Water, PBS, Tris, or carbonate/bicarbonate buffers are frequently used to prepare dye working solutions. Select buffer pH to balance solubility and desired binding/contrast; neutral to mildly alkaline pH is often preferred for anionic direct dyes.
  • Filtration: Filter dye solutions (0.22–0.45 μm) after dissolution to reduce particulates and background in imaging or spectrophotometry.
  • Ionic strength: Added salt (e.g., NaCl) can influence adsorption to substrates (cellulose, gels) and should be reported for reproducibility.
  • Storage of solutions: Many azo dyes are reasonably stable as refrigerated stock solutions protected from light for days to weeks; confirm stability by periodic UV‑Vis scans.

• Item-specific

  • No validated buffer recipes or concentrations are provided for this item. Users should develop working concentrations empirically (e.g., prepare a small dilution series) and document λmax under their exact buffer conditions.

Green Alternatives

• Context

  • C.I. Direct Red 84 is a highly conjugated azo dye intended for coloration/staining, not a process solvent or reagent. “Green alternatives” considerations focus on safer handling, waste minimization, and selection of dyes with improved environmental profiles.

• Environmental considerations (literature/general)

  • Many direct azo dyes are persistent in the environment and can form aromatic amines under reductive conditions (e.g., anaerobic treatment). They often exhibit high color strength at very low concentrations, challenging effluent decolorization.
  • Aquatic toxicity and COD can be concerns; consult SDS/EHS data before scaling work that generates dye‑containing waste streams.

• Greener practice options

  • Dose minimization: Use the lowest concentration compatible with your analytical sensitivity or staining contrast; validate with calibration curves.
  • Closed‑loop and micro‑scale methods: Perform staining/dyeing in microplates or closed chambers to reduce volumes and exposure.
  • Alternative dye classes: Where feasible, consider dyes with documented improved biodegradability or non‑azo chromophores (e.g., certain anthraquinones or food‑grade colorants) for educational demos; confirm spectral and binding suitability.
  • Treatment of dye wastes: Apply adsorption on activated carbon, advanced oxidation (e.g., H2O2/UV), or electrochemical decolorization as appropriate per institutional guidance.
  • Safer solvents: Favor water or benign aqueous buffers; avoid unnecessary organic co‑solvents.

• Item-specific

  • No eco‑profile is provided for this item. Users should consult institutional EHS policies and the SDS to design greener handling and disposal strategies.

Pharmaceutical Uses

• Applicability

  • C.I. Direct Red 84 is a research dye. No pharmacopeial status or excipient role is provided. This section summarizes general, non‑clinical formulation considerations for dyes when used as analytical colorants or process aids in R&D; it is not a claim of suitability for any drug product.

• General formulation context (literature/general)

  • Analytical/colorimetric aids: Dyes may be used in development labs for visualization (e.g., leak tests, flow patterns) and for calibrating optical instruments.
  • Compatibility: Anionic sulfonated dyes can interact with cationic excipients or APIs; evaluate adsorption/precipitation risks when used in development experiments.
  • Extractables/leachables studies: Strongly colored tracers can sensitize detection of leaks or sorption to polymer components.

• Regulatory and quality

  • Only dyes explicitly listed in pharmacopeias or approved color additive lists are appropriate for medicinal use; do not substitute by Color Index name alone.
  • For this item, there is no provided information on regulatory listing, impurity profile, or toxicology suitable for pharmaceutical applications.

• Item-specific

  • No pharmaceutical or excipient uses are specified for this item. It is provided strictly for research use only.

Physical Properties

• Item-specific (from Product Data)

  • Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Safety/Regulatory fields (item-specific)

  • None provided for density, melting point, solubility, etc. Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Literature/General properties for Direct (azo) red dyes (context only; not product specifications)

  • Physical state: typically solid organic dye, often as sodium sulfonate salt(s), with intense red color.
  • Solubility: commonly freely soluble in water (due to sulfonate substituents); solubility can increase with temperature and ionic strength. Many are sparingly soluble in alcohols and essentially insoluble in nonpolar solvents.
  • Thermal behavior: many sulfonated azo dyes do not have a sharp melting point and may decompose on strong heating rather than melt cleanly.
  • UV‑Vis: exhibit strong π–π* absorbance bands in the visible region (red/orange dyes often show λmax in green‑blue region); exact λmax and extinction coefficient are structure‑ and medium‑dependent and must be determined experimentally for the specific material/lot.
  • pH dependence: spectral shifts (bathochromic/hypsochromic) and solubility changes can occur with pH due to azo/hydrazo and phenolate equilibria; many direct dyes remain anionic over neutral–alkaline pH.

• Practical notes

  • For quantitative spectrophotometry, determine λmax and ε in the exact solvent/buffer and ionic strength you plan to use; do not rely on generic dye-class values.

Quality and Grades

• Item-specific (from Product Data)

  • Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• What “dye grade” parameters typically include (literature/general)

  • Dye content (color strength) vs. total solids, inorganic salt content (e.g., NaCl/Na2SO4 carriers), moisture, and presence of by‑products/isomers.
  • Spectral characteristics: λmax, secondary bands, and absorbance ratios in defined media; low UV background may be important for analytical uses.
  • Insolubles/particulate: quantified by filtration/centrifugation; critical for microscopy or imaging applications.
  • Heavy metals/impurities: sometimes specified for sensitive applications; absence/presence should be verified on the CoA if relevant.

• Practical guidance

  • If using for quantitative colorimetry or imaging, establish a calibration curve with your lot and define extinction coefficients under your exact buffer/pH/ionic strength.
  • For histology or biomaterials staining, filtration (0.22–0.45 μm) of working solutions minimizes background and particulates.
  • When substituting between Color Index “Direct Red” numbers, do not assume equivalence: molecular structures and performance can differ. Confirm suitability by small‑scale tests.

• Documentation

  • For this specific item, consult the Aladdin CoA/Spec Sheet for any available purity metrics, dye content, and spectral data. Where not provided, users should qualify performance in‑house for critical methods.

Reaction and Applications

• Item-specific (from Product Data)

  • Manufacturer Applications: Not specified.
  • Research Use: For research use only.

• Literature/general applications of C.I. Direct Red class dyes (context; verify suitability experimentally)

  • Textile/coloration science: “Direct” dyes are applied directly to cellulosic fibers (cotton, rayon) from aqueous baths with electrolyte to improve exhaustion. They are valued for ease of application and levelness.
  • Analytical/colorimetric use: Strong visible absorbance enables use as color standards, tracer dyes in flow studies, and teaching labs for adsorption/kinetics on cellulose or activated carbon.
  • Materials and surface science: Probe molecules for studying adsorption, diffusion, and membrane transport due to anionic charge and high extinction.
  • Histology and biomaterials (general): Some Direct Red dyes are used as counterstains or matrix probes; suitability of C.I. Direct Red 84 for a given tissue/biomolecule must be established empirically, as binding profiles vary among Color Index entries.

• Practical tips

  • Prepare fresh aqueous working solutions; warm gently (≤50–60°C) to aid dissolution; avoid prolonged heating that may promote degradation.
  • Filter working solutions (0.22–0.45 μm) to remove undissolved particles and reduce background.
  • Record full UV‑Vis spectra (200–800 nm) in your exact buffer to locate λmax and isosbestic points; do not assume values from related dyes.
  • When studying adsorption/binding, report and control ionic strength, pH, and temperature, as these parameters strongly impact dye–substrate interactions.

Reaction Conditions

• Applicability

  • C.I. Direct Red 84 is not a reagent for chemical transformations; hence, there are no reaction conditions specific to synthesis. The guidance below summarizes typical laboratory conditions for applying direct dyes to substrates (textiles/materials) and for analytical use. All values are literature/general and must be optimized experimentally.

• Dyeing/staining of cellulosic substrates (literature/general)

  • Bath composition: Water with 10–50 g/L NaCl or Na2SO4; optional mild alkali (e.g., 1–5 g/L Na2CO3) depending on dye/substrate.
  • Temperature: 60–100°C for exhaustion; start at lower temperature to promote levelness, then raise to near‑boil for fixation.
  • Time: 30–90 minutes total, with agitation to avoid unevenness.
  • Rinsing: Thorough warm/cold water rinses; optional soaping at 60–80°C to remove unfixed dye.

• Preparation for analytical use (spectrophotometry/tracer)

  • Stock solutions: Prepare in water or buffer; warm gently to aid dissolution; filter through 0.22–0.45 μm.
  • Spectra: Record baseline and sample spectra to confirm λmax and Beer's law linearity. Validate concentration by gravimetry and, if needed, TOC.

• Stability/compatibility

  • Avoid strong reducing agents (can cleave azo linkages) and strong oxidants (can bleach chromophores). Protect solutions from intense light and elevated temperature to minimize degradation.

• Item-specific

  • No manufacturer‑validated protocols or conditions are provided for this item.

Safety and Handling

• Item-specific (from Product Data)

  • GHS Classification, Signal Word, H‑Statements, Pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
  • Storage: Store at −20°C.
  • Shipping: Ice chest + ice pads (protect from heat during transit).

• General safety guidance for azo direct dyes (literature/general; not product‑specific)

  • Hazards: Many azo dyes may cause skin/eye irritation and respiratory irritation as dusts. Some azo dyes can release aromatic amines under reductive conditions. Avoid inhalation of powders and contact with skin/eyes.
  • PPE: Use lab coat, safety glasses or goggles, and suitable gloves (e.g., nitrile). Handle powders in a fume hood or with local exhaust ventilation to minimize airborne dust.
  • Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers (may degrade chromophores), strong reducing agents (can cleave azo bonds), and strong acids/bases (can alter ionization/solubility and cause dye migration). Avoid prolonged exposure to light and elevated temperatures to preserve color strength.
  • First aid (overview; defer to SDS):
    • Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
    • Skin: Wash with soap and water; remove contaminated clothing.
    • Eyes: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present and easy.
    • Ingestion: Rinse mouth; seek medical advice. Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
  • Spill/cleanup: Avoid dust formation; gently sweep or use HEPA‑filtered vacuum; wipe residues damp to prevent dispersion.

• SDS priority

  • Always consult the product‑specific SDS for authoritative hazard classification, exposure limits, disposal instructions, and transport information.

Solvent Selection

• Applicability: As a sulfonated azo “Direct” dye (class‑general), solvent considerations primarily concern preparation of aqueous staining/stock solutions rather than use as a reaction solvent.

• General solvent behavior of direct red azo dyes (literature/general)

  • Water: typically the solvent of choice; solubility often improves with gentle heating and addition of electrolytes. Buffers at neutral–alkaline pH usually maintain solubility.
  • Alcohols (MeOH, EtOH): variable and often limited solubility; co‑solvent with water may aid wetting but can reduce substantivity to fibers/tissues.
  • Polar aprotic solvents (DMSO, DMF): can dissolve many azo dyes; small DMSO fractions (≤10%) can help prepare concentrated aqueous stocks when water alone is insufficient.
  • Nonpolar solvents: generally unsuitable due to anionic sulfonate groups.

• pH and ionic strength

  • Elevated ionic strength (NaCl/Na2SO4) promotes dye uptake on cellulose (salting‑out) but may reduce solubility at very high salt.
  • Alkaline pH can shift spectra and may increase anionic charge; acidic pH may decrease solubility for some structures.

• Selection guidance (use‑case driven)

  • Spectrophotometry/tracer work: aqueous buffer at the experimental pH; verify λmax in the chosen medium.
  • Textile/fiber staining: water with electrolyte (NaCl) and, if required, mild alkali (Na2CO3) to enhance exhaustion (literature practice).
  • Microscopy: aqueous buffer; filter through 0.22–0.45 μm to minimize background; avoid organic co‑solvents that can affect tissue morphology.

• Item-specific

  • No solvent specifications are provided for this item; prepare solutions empirically and verify performance for your method.

Storage and Reconstitution

• Item-specific (from Product Data)

  • Storage conditions: Store at −20°C.
  • Shipping: Ice chest + ice pads to maintain low temperature during transit.

• Reconstitution and handling (general guidance for azo dyes; not a product specification)

  • Reconstitution solvent: Deionized water or appropriate aqueous buffer is typically suitable. Small fractions of DMSO (≤10%) can assist dissolution if needed; confirm compatibility with your assay.
  • Concentration: Prepare stocks at convenient levels (e.g., 1–10 mg/mL) based on solubility and intended use. Determine exact concentration gravimetrically and/or by UV‑Vis using an experimentally established ε and λmax.
  • Filtration: Pass reconstituted solutions through 0.22–0.45 μm filters to remove particulates before analytical or imaging use.
  • Light/temperature: Protect from light; store refrigerated (2–8°C) for short‑term and frozen (−20°C) for longer‑term. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles by aliquoting.

• Stability and appearance checks

  • Inspect solutions for precipitate, color shift, or spectral changes; discard if significant deviations are observed.

• Documentation

  • Because grade/purity and spectral characteristics are not specified for this item, users should document lot number, preparation date, solvent/buffer composition, and measured spectral parameters for reproducibility.

Structure and Identity

• Item-specific (from Product Data)

  • SKU: C1450313
  • Product name: C.I. Direct red 84
  • CAS: 6409-83-2
  • Storage: Store at -20°C (see Storage & Reconstitution)
  • SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Literature/General information (for context; not item specifications)

  • C.I. Direct Red 84 is a member of the “Direct” dye class, typically water‑soluble, anionic azo dyes used for direct application to cellulosic fibers without a mordant.
  • Structural features commonly observed in Direct Red dyes include: one or more azo (–N=N–) linkages connecting substituted aromatic rings and sulfonate groups (–SO3−, often as sodium salts) that confer water solubility.
  • 2D structural description (general for direct azo reds): a conjugated, extended aromatic scaffold with one or more azo bonds aligned para to phenyl/napthyl donors/acceptors; multiple sulfonate groups positioned on the aromatic rings increase anionic character. Specific ring substitution pattern for C.I. Direct Red 84 should be confirmed from primary spectral/structural references or the product CoA.

• Synonymy (literature): “Direct Red” numbers are Color Index designations; trade names and exact structures can vary by supplier. Verify the exact isomer and counterions on the CoA for your lot before quantitative work.

Synthetic Utility

• Applicability

  • As a finished dye, C.I. Direct Red 84 is not typically used as a building block in organic synthesis. However, azo dyes can serve as probes or functional additives in materials and analytical chemistry. The following points are general and not specific specifications of this product.

• General utility of azo dyes in research (literature/general)

  • Chromophoric probe: High molar absorptivity and charge enable use as tracers in transport, adsorption, and membrane permeability studies.
  • Polymer and surface functional testing: Adsorption onto cellulose, chitosan, and oxide surfaces can quantify surface area, charge density, or functionalization levels by UV‑Vis.
  • Model compound: Azo bond chemistry (reduction to amines; cis–trans photoisomerization in some systems) makes dyes useful for studying redox and photophysical processes.
  • Analytical separations: Serve as test analytes for validating ion‑pair chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and dye–surfactant interactions.

• Practical considerations

  • Record exact concentration gravimetrically; hygroscopic salts and dye content variability can affect molarity. Establish extinction coefficients under your exact conditions.
  • When using as an adsorption standard, maintain constant ionic strength and pH; report temperature and equilibrium time.

• Item-specific

  • No synthetic or coupling applications are provided for this item by the manufacturer. Any such use should be validated and is at the researcher’s discretion.

Target Specificity

• Item-specific

  • No antigen/epitope/biological target information is provided for C.I. Direct Red 84. There are no clone, isotype, or species reactivity details, as this product is a small‑molecule dye rather than a biomolecular binder.

• Note

  • Any observed binding or staining patterns are generally non‑specific and driven by physicochemical interactions (electrostatics, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic/π–π interactions). Validate specificity empirically with appropriate positive/negative controls for your system.