This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dialkyl ethers. These are organic compounds containing the dialkyl ether functional group, with the formula ROR', where R and R' are alkyl groups.
External Descriptors
Not available
1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.
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Recensioni
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Application Protocols
Not applicable.
No antibody or assay protocols apply to this small-molecule solvent. For process use, follow standard operating procedures for solvent handling, drying, degassing, and recovery suited to your laboratory or production environment.
Biological Roles
This compound is a synthetic fluorinated ether and does not have established biological roles.
General context (literature/general; not product-specific)
Fluorinated ethers are typically biologically inert solvents with low water solubility and limited bioavailability. They are generally used as process aids, carriers, or cleaning agents in laboratory and manufacturing settings rather than as biochemical reagents.
Interactions with biomolecules are weak due to low polarity and minimal hydrogen-bonding capacity; partitioning favors nonaqueous or fluorous phases. This can be exploited for phase-transfer or separation strategies where proteins, nucleic acids, and most metabolites remain in aqueous/organic phases while the fluorous phase carries specially tagged compounds.
Toxicology profiles vary by structure; many HFEs exhibit low acute toxicity but can act as CNS depressants at high vapor concentrations due to solvent narcosis. Always consult the SDS for exposure limits and institutional safety policies.
Practical guidance
If used around biological materials or live cells, avoid direct contact and inhalation exposure; use in closed systems or fume hoods.
For extractions in bioanalytical workflows, confirm that the analyte is sufficiently hydrophobic/fluorophilic; otherwise, recovery may be poor. HFEs are rarely used for routine biomolecule extraction.
Buffer Applications
Not typically applicable.
Ethyl 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl ether is a nonaqueous, water-immiscible solvent and does not function as a buffering agent. It is not used to prepare pH buffer systems or electrophoresis/cell culture media.
For aqueous work, select appropriate buffering systems (e.g., phosphate, Tris, HEPES) in water or water–miscible organic cosolvents as required. Use this solvent, if at all, only as a nonaqueous phase in specialized biphasic processes.
Green Alternatives
Context
Hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) are commonly adopted as replacements for ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons and some chlorinated solvents. They generally have zero ODP and favorable toxicity profiles but can possess moderate-to-high global warming potentials (GWPs) and atmospheric lifetimes that warrant careful use and recovery.
Potential greener choices (application dependent)
2-Methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF): Bio-based option, good solvency for many organics, forms azeotropes with water; flammable and peroxide-forming.
Ethyl acetate or isopropanol: Low-tox, widely recoverable; may lack the necessary compatibility with fluorinated materials or volatility profile.
Supercritical CO2: For cleaning/extraction operations, offers zero solvent residue; requires high-pressure equipment and has different solubility/selectivity.
Comparison highlights (general; not product specs)
Environmental profile: HFEs (this product) typically have zero ODP, low toxicity; however, assess GWP and implement closed-loop recovery. 2-MeTHF/CPME are renewable/low GWP but more flammable.
Performance: HFEs wet fluorinated/silicone surfaces exceptionally well; hydrocarbons/ethers may not. If such wetting is noncritical, greener alternatives may suffice.
Best practices
Use minimal volumes and maximize reclamation via condensers and cold traps.
Consider hybrid processes (HFE rinse followed by greener co-solvent displacement) to reduce net HFE usage while maintaining performance.
Document life-cycle impacts and local regulatory status when selecting between HFEs and alternatives.
Pharmaceutical Uses
No therapeutic or clinical claims.
General formulation/process context (literature/general; not product-specific)
Specialty solvent: Fluorinated ethers can be used as process solvents or cleaning fluids in pharmaceutical manufacturing where compatibility with fluoropolymers, silicone elastomers, or fluorous-tagged auxiliaries is desirable. Their rapid evaporation can aid in drying of equipment or components.
Extractables/leachables: If used in contact with materials of construction, assess extractables/leachables and ensure effective removal via validated drying steps.
Residual solvent considerations: Fluorinated ethers may not be explicitly categorized in ICH Q3C; sponsors should define acceptable limits based on toxicological assessment and analytical capability, and demonstrate adequate purge in the manufacturing process.
Excipient status: This specific compound is not listed here with any pharmacopeial monograph. If considering as an excipient or processing aid, conduct full compatibility and safety assessments and consult regulatory guidance.
Best practices
Implement closed handling systems and solvent recovery to minimize emissions.
Validate analytical methods (GC headspace or GC–MS) for residual monitoring in drug substances or devices if the solvent is present during processing.
Physical Properties
Item-specific specs
Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Density, refractive index, water/peroxide content, metals, UV cutoff: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Storage & shipping (from Product Data)
Storage conditions: Room temperature.
Shipped in: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Literature/general expectations for fluorinated ethers (for context only; not product specifications)
Volatility: Fluorinated ethyl ethers of C5–C6 backbone commonly have relatively low to moderate boiling points and high vapor pressures at ambient conditions, facilitating rapid evaporation from surfaces.
Polarity: Low-to-moderate polarity relative to hydrocarbon ethers; polarizability is high due to C–F bonds, yet hydrogen-bond basicity of the ether oxygen is weakly expressed in heavily fluorinated media.
Solubility profile: Typically immiscible with water; miscibility varies with hydrocarbons (often limited) but is enhanced with other fluorocarbons and hydrofluoroethers. Good solubility for perfluorinated lubricants, silicones, and fluorinated greases.
Thermal behavior: Fluorinated ethers often exhibit good thermal oxidative stability and low flammability compared to hydrocarbon ethers, but individual properties depend on exact structure.
Important
Do not use the above as specifications. For method development or engineering calculations (e.g., vapor pressure, enthalpy, Hansen parameters), obtain batch-specific values from the CoA/Spec Sheet or measure under your conditions.
Quality and Grades
Item-specific
Grade/purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Stabilizers/inhibitors: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Guidance on grades (general)
Research grade: Suitable for general laboratory use. Impurities and moisture levels are controlled to typical research specifications but may not meet trace analysis limits.
HPLC/GC grade solvents (if applicable): Feature very low nonvolatile residue and UV-absorbing impurities to minimize baseline noise. When a fluorinated ether is used as a specialty mobile phase modifier or sample diluent, low UV background and low extractables are important.
Electronic/semiconductor grade: Emphasizes ionic cleanliness, particle count, and outgassing behavior; sometimes relevant where fluorinated ethers are used in precision cleaning or as carrier fluids.
What to check on the CoA for this item
Identity tests: GC–MS/GC-FID purity, retention time match to reference.
Purity and key limits: Water content, nonvolatile residue, acidity/alkalinity, and specific stabilizer content where used.
Volatile profile: Residual low-boiling fluorocarbons or alcohols from synthesis.
UV-Vis profile (if chromatographic use is intended): Baseline absorbance across 200–400 nm.
Practical note
If moisture-sensitivity or acid/base sensitivity is critical for your application, request current lot data (Karl Fischer, acid number, metal ions). Where values are not listed on the CoA, perform application-specific pre-qualification.
Reaction and Applications
Item-specific applications from catalog
Manufacturer applications: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
General/literature applications for fluorinated ethers
Inert reaction medium: Useful as a relatively inert, low-nucleophilicity solvent for reactions that are inhibited by coordinating donors. The ether oxygen is weakly basic in a heavily fluorinated environment, reducing metal–solvent interactions.
Fluorous processing: Can act as a carrier or diluent for perfluorinated reagents/catalysts in biphasic systems; phase behavior may aid in product–catalyst separation.
Cleaning and surface prep: Efficient displacement of water and light hydrocarbons from surfaces; low surface tension allows penetration into fine features. Suitable for post-synthesis rinsing of fluorinated ligands, silicones, or PFPE lubricants.
Heat/mass transfer: Volatility and thermal stability make HFEs candidates for low-temperature bath fluids or for rapid solvent-switch operations.
Practical guidance
Drying: If water content is critical, dry over 3 Å molecular sieves or distill from activated alumina; confirm by Karl Fischer. Strong drying agents (e.g., Na/K metals) are generally unnecessary and may be incompatible.
Degassing: Standard sparging with inert gas or freeze–pump–thaw can be used if oxygen-sensitive chemistry is attempted.
Workup: Due to low boiling point (typical for this class), removal is often achieved by gentle rotary evaporation at ambient-to-mildly elevated temperatures; consider cold traps to recover solvent and protect pumps.
Reactivity cautions: Avoid strong bases/nucleophiles and high-temperature Lewis acids that can cleave ethers.
Reaction Conditions
General guidance for use as a solvent or medium (literature/general; not product-specific)
Temperature range: HFEs are often employed from sub-ambient to moderate temperatures. Verify boiling point and vapor pressure on the CoA and set condenser/cold trap capacity accordingly. Avoid sealed heating unless pressure ratings are known.
Atmosphere: For air- or moisture-sensitive reactions, use standard Schlenk or glovebox techniques. The solvent can be degassed by inert gas sparging or freeze–pump–thaw cycles.
Drying: Dry over activated 3 Å molecular sieves or neutral alumina. Avoid aggressive drying with alkali metals.
Additives: If using strong Brønsted or Lewis acids/bases, pilot studies are recommended to confirm ether stability. Minimize prolonged exposure at elevated temperatures.
Workup: Due to high volatility typical of this class, remove under reduced pressure at modest bath temperatures. Use cold traps to prevent solvent release and to enable recovery/reuse.
Performance hints
Solubility tuning: Co-solvents (e.g., small amounts of alcohols, hydrocarbons, or polar aprotics) can be added to adjust solvation and phase behavior; test for miscibility and azeotrope formation.
Metals and seals: Prefer PTFE, PFA, FFKM, or FKM seals; some elastomers may swell. Stainless steel and glass are generally compatible.
Analytics: For GC analysis, use appropriate columns for fluorinated volatiles; for KF moisture testing, direct injection may be feasible given low water solubility.
Expected outcomes
Yields and rates are highly reaction-dependent; the principal effect of this solvent class is reduced coordination and altered phase behavior, which can favor cleaner product profiles in some electrophilic or cationic processes.
Safety and Handling
Item-specific hazard data
GHS classification, pictograms, signal word, H-statements: Not specified for this item; refer to the SDS for authoritative information.
General safety guidance for fluorinated ethers (literature/general; not specific to this item)
Inhalation/volatility: These materials can be highly volatile. Work in a well-ventilated fume hood to minimize inhalation exposure.
Flammability: Many hydrofluoroethers exhibit reduced flammability versus hydrocarbon ethers, but classifications vary. Keep away from ignition sources until the specific flash point and flammability limits are confirmed on the SDS.
Chemical stability: Generally stable under ambient conditions. Avoid strong bases/acids at elevated temperatures, strong reducing agents, and very reactive metals.
Incompatibilities: Molten alkali metals, finely divided reactive metals, and strong nucleophiles can attack ether linkages. Avoid contact with strong Lewis acids at high temperature that may promote C–O cleavage.
EHS considerations: Spills can spread quickly due to low surface tension; contain at the source. Prevent release to the environment unless evaluated—fluorinated organics may be persistent.
PPE and first-aid (standard laboratory practice)
PPE: Safety glasses or chemical splash goggles, lab coat, and suitable chemical-resistant gloves. Due to volatility, consider additional respiratory protection per risk assessment and institutional policy.
First aid: Move exposed persons to fresh air for inhalation exposure; rinse skin with soap and water upon contact; flush eyes with water for ≥15 minutes; seek medical attention as needed. Always follow the SDS.
Peroxide formation
Typical dialkyl ethers can form peroxides; heavily fluorinated ethers are generally far less prone. Nevertheless, follow your organization’s peroxide testing policy for ethers used or stored long-term.
Solvent Selection
Solvent type and polarity (general for hydrofluoroethers)
Class: Weakly polar, low hydrogen-bond basicity ether solvent with high fluorine content.
Miscibility: Typically immiscible with water; miscible with many fluorinated solvents and refrigerants; limited miscibility with alkanes and common organic solvents varies by structure.
Volatility: Often high; enables fast drying but requires closed systems for loss control.
When to choose Ethyl 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl ether
As a low-residue rinse for fluoropolymer or silicone-terminated surfaces where hydrocarbon solvents wet poorly.
As a specialty medium for fluorous-compatible processes or to dissolve/transfer perfluorinated oils and greases.
For temperature-sensitive steps leveraging its typically low boiling range to accelerate solvent removal.
Comparison considerations (literature/general; not product specifications)
Versus hydrocarbon ethers (e.g., diethyl ether, MTBE): Lower flammability potential and better compatibility with fluorinated materials, but generally poorer solvation of polar organics.
Versus perfluorinated solvents (e.g., perfluorohexane): Better organic solvency due to ether oxygen, often higher dielectric than perfluoroalkanes while retaining low surface tension.
Versus chlorinated solvents (e.g., DCM): Often less toxicologically problematic and non-ozone-depleting; however, HFEs can carry nontrivial GWP—assess sustainability goals.
Practical tips
Verify compatibility with elastomers—FKM, FFKM, PTFE are generally preferred; some EPDM or nitrile rubbers may swell.
For extraction or cleaning, pre-screen solubility of target residues; pairing with a co-solvent (e.g., alcohol or hydrocarbon) can tune solvation and drying behavior.
Storage and Reconstitution
Item-specific (from Product Data)
Storage conditions: Room temperature.
General handling and storage (literature/general; not product-specific)
Container: Store in tightly sealed, chemically compatible containers (glass or fluoropolymer-lined). Minimize headspace to reduce evaporative loss.
Atmosphere: Store under ambient dry air or inert gas as appropriate. While hydrofluoroethers are generally not moisture-sensitive, keeping containers dry prevents condensation and potential acid formation from trace impurities.
Light: Ambient light is typically acceptable; protect from direct sunlight and heat sources to limit pressure build-up.
Stability: Fluorinated ethers are typically stable at room temperature. Avoid contact with strong bases, strong acids, and reactive metals.
Repackaging: If aliquoting, use clean, dry syringes or transfer lines. Purge destination containers with inert gas to reduce moisture and oxygen exposure if that benefits your application.
Reconstitution
Not applicable; supplied neat as a liquid solvent. If drying is needed before use, polish with activated molecular sieves (3 Å) and verify dryness by Karl Fischer titration.
Disposal
Collect spent solvent for halogenated organic waste streams per institutional and regulatory requirements. Consider on-site recovery via distillation with appropriate condensers and cold traps to minimize emissions.
SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Literature/structural description (general)
Structural class: Fluorinated ether; nominally an alkyl–alkyl ether linking an ethyl group to a hexafluoropropyl moiety.
Functional groups: One ether linkage (R–O–R′); one partially fluorinated propyl fragment bearing –CF3 and –CF2–/–CHF– units; one ethyl fragment (–CH2CH3).
2D description in words: The molecule consists of an ethyl group bound through oxygen to a substituted propyl group that carries six fluorine atoms distributed across its three carbons (two on C-1, one on C-2, and three on C-3 by the name). The oxygen is the only heteroatom.
Stereochemistry: Depending on substitution pattern around the central carbon of the propyl unit (–CHF–), a stereogenic center may exist; commercial material is typically racemic unless otherwise specified.
Notes
Nomenclature caveat: “1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl” indicates six fluorines located as 1,1- (geminal), 2-, and 3,3,3-substitutions on the propyl chain. Exact atom connectivity and any stereochemical specification should be confirmed from the CoA/Spec Sheet.
Synthetic Utility
General reactivity features (literature/general; not product-specific)
Ether functionality: Chemically robust toward many reagents; low coordinating ability in heavily fluorinated ethers can be advantageous for reactions sensitive to donor solvents.
Fluorinated matrix: Reduces nucleophilicity/basicity of the medium, often diminishing side reactions like elimination or solvolysis compared to more basic ethers.
Use cases
Solvent for electrophilic fluorination or reactions involving sensitive cations where donor solvents (e.g., THF, DME) can complex and alter outcomes.
Fluorous biphasic catalysis: Serves as a carrier for fluorous-tagged catalysts or ligands enabling phase separation after reaction; note that classic fluorous solvents are more highly fluorinated than hydrofluoroethers, so verify partitioning.
Workup and purification: Employed as a rinse to displace higher-boiling hydrocarbon solvents from fluorinated products or surfaces; aids in rapid drying before analysis or subsequent steps.
Retrosynthetic value
The molecule itself is mainly a solvent/process aid rather than a building block. Ether cleavage to recover fragments is typically not practical under mild conditions and is not a common synthetic transformation.
Practical notes
If used as solvent in organometallic chemistry, confirm compatibility: strong bases (e.g., BuLi) may induce side reactions or C–O cleavage at elevated temperatures. Begin with low temperatures and small-scale screens.
For photochemical work, confirm transparency at operative wavelengths via UV–Vis; many HFEs have low UV absorbance above ~220–230 nm, but verify experimentally for this item.
Target Specificity
Not applicable.
This product is a small-molecule fluorinated ether solvent and does not possess biological target specificity (no antigen, epitope, clone, or isotype).
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