1,3-Dimethoxypropane: Properties, Uses & Lab Guide

1,3-Dimethoxypropane is a symmetric aliphatic diether widely employed in organic chemistry as a polar aprotic co-solvent, protecting-group precursor, and versatile synthetic building block.

IUPAC Name

1,3-Dimethoxypropane

Molecular Formula

C5H12O2

Molecular Weight

104.15 g/mol

CAS Number

4352-99-2

Functional Class

Aliphatic diether (acetal ether)

Aladdin SKU

D695842

Chemical Identity and Physical Properties

1,3-Dimethoxypropane (CAS 4352-99-2) is a linear, symmetric aliphatic diether with the molecular formula C₅H₁₂O₂ and a molecular weight of 104.15 g/mol. Its structure consists of a three-carbon propane backbone flanked by two methoxy (–OCH₃) groups at the 1- and 3-positions, giving it moderate polarity and good miscibility with a broad range of organic solvents.

The compound is a colourless, low-viscosity liquid at room temperature. Its ether oxygen atoms confer weak Lewis-base character, enabling coordination to Lewis-acidic metal centres and hydrogen-bond acceptance without acting as a proton donor — a property exploited in both solvent formulation and coordination chemistry. The relatively low boiling point facilitates easy removal under reduced pressure after reaction workup.

Key physicochemical parameters are summarised below; researchers should consult the certificate of analysis (CoA) supplied with each lot for purity and water-content specifications.

Laboratory Applications and Synthetic Utility

1,3-Dimethoxypropane serves several distinct roles in synthetic and analytical chemistry:

• Co-solvent and reaction medium: Its moderate dielectric constant and ether-like solvation properties make it suitable as a co-solvent in reactions requiring polar aprotic conditions without the high boiling point of DMF or DMSO. It is compatible with organolithium and Grignard reagents when handled under rigorously anhydrous, inert-atmosphere conditions.
• Acetal-forming reagent: As a source of the 1,3-propanedioxy motif, the compound can participate in transacetalization reactions to generate cyclic or mixed acetals, providing temporary protection of carbonyl functionalities during multi-step synthesis.
• Ligand precursor and coordination chemistry: The two oxygen donors separated by a flexible propyl tether allow 1,3-dimethoxypropane to act as a bidentate oxygen ligand toward certain metal ions, relevant in catalyst preparation and materials research.
• Electrolyte additive: Published research has explored symmetric diethers as co-solvents and additives in lithium-ion battery electrolytes, where their stability window and coordination behaviour affect cycling performance. Users should consult current literature for specific electrolyte formulations.

These applications underscore the compound's versatility as a specialty reagent across multiple research disciplines.

Safe Handling, Storage, and Regulatory Considerations

As with most low-molecular-weight aliphatic ethers, 1,3-Dimethoxypropane presents flammability as the primary hazard. Researchers should observe the following precautions:

• Flammability: Store away from ignition sources, open flames, and oxidising agents. Use explosion-proof refrigeration if cold storage is required. Ensure adequate ventilation or use a fume hood during transfers and open-container operations.
• Peroxide formation: Ethers can form explosive peroxides upon prolonged exposure to air and light. Store under inert gas (nitrogen or argon) in amber or opaque containers, label containers with the date of opening, and test for peroxides before distillation or concentration steps.
• Personal protection: Wear appropriate chemical-resistant gloves, safety spectacles, and a lab coat. Avoid prolonged inhalation of vapours.
• Waste disposal: Dispose of as halogen-free organic solvent waste in accordance with local and institutional regulations.

Always consult the current Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for lot-specific hazard information before use. SDS documents are available from Aladdin Scientific upon request or via the product page.

Ordering, Specifications, and Quality Assurance

Aladdin Scientific offers 1,3-Dimethoxypropane under SKU D695842. When procuring this reagent, laboratory managers and researchers should consider the following:

• Purity grade: Confirm the purity specification on the product page and CoA to ensure it meets the requirements of your application (e.g., anhydrous or standard grade).
• Packaging size: Select the appropriate quantity to minimise prolonged storage and reduce peroxide risk.
• Lot traceability: Aladdin Scientific provides lot-specific CoAs. Record the lot number in your laboratory notebook for full experimental traceability.
• Lead time and shipping: This is a specialty reagent; confirm current stock status and shipping conditions (temperature, packaging) with Aladdin customer service prior to placing an urgent order.

For volume pricing, custom packaging, or bulk orders, contact Aladdin Scientific directly through the website or customer service channels.

Frequently asked questions

What is 1,3-Dimethoxypropane used for in organic synthesis?

1,3-Dimethoxypropane is used as a polar co-solvent compatible with air-sensitive reagents such as organolithiums and Grignard reagents, as a transacetalization reagent for temporary carbonyl protection, and as a bidentate oxygen ligand precursor in coordination and catalyst chemistry. It has also been investigated as an electrolyte additive in lithium-ion battery research.

How should 1,3-Dimethoxypropane be stored to prevent peroxide formation?

Store 1,3-Dimethoxypropane under an inert atmosphere (nitrogen or argon) in tightly sealed, amber or opaque containers away from light, heat, and ignition sources. Label containers with the date of opening, and routinely test for peroxides — especially before any distillation or concentration step — using commercial peroxide test strips or reagents.

Is 1,3-Dimethoxypropane compatible with organolithium reagents?

Yes, under rigorously anhydrous and inert-atmosphere conditions, 1,3-Dimethoxypropane is generally compatible with organolithium reagents. Researchers should ensure the solvent is thoroughly dried before use and conduct reactions under nitrogen or argon to avoid moisture- or oxygen-induced decomposition.

Where can I obtain the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for 1,3-Dimethoxypropane?

The Safety Data Sheet for 1,3-Dimethoxypropane (SKU D695842) is available directly from the Aladdin Scientific product page or upon request from Aladdin customer service. Always consult the most current SDS before handling this reagent.

References

1. Lide, D. R. (Ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. CRC Press. (General physicochemical properties of aliphatic ethers.)
2. March, J. Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure. Wiley-Interscience. (Acetal protection of carbonyl groups and transacetalization.)
3. Aladdin Scientific. Product Page: 1,3-Dimethoxypropane, SKU D695842. Retrieved from https://www.aladdin-e.com

Products are supplied for research and development use only. Not for use in humans, animals, diagnosis, or therapy.