GC-376 - Moligand™ , Inhibitor of calpain 1;Inhibitor of cathepsin K;Inhibitor of cathepsin L, CAS No.G610527, Inhibitor of calpain 1;Inhibitor of cathepsin K;Inhibitor of cathepsin L
GC-376 - Moligand™ , Inhibitor of calpain 1;Inhibitor of cathepsin K;Inhibitor of cathepsin L, CAS No.G610527, Inhibitor of calpain 1;Inhibitor of cathepsin K;Inhibitor of cathepsin L
GRADE & PURITYMoligand™?Moligand™ — Aladdin's line of ligands and bioactive small molecules. Use for receptor, pathway, and binding studies needing defined small-molecule tools.
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as leucine and derivatives. These are compounds containing leucine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of leucine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.
External Descriptors
Not available
1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.
Certificati (CoA, COO, BSE/TSE e tabella di analisi)
C of A & Other Certificates(BSE/TSE, COO):
Analytical Chart:
Proprietà chimiche e fisiche
Peso molecolare
485.600 g/mol
XLogP3
0.700
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
5
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
8
Rotatable Bond Count
12
Exact Mass
485.183 Da
Monoisotopic Mass
485.183 Da
Topological Polar Surface Area
180.000 Ų
Heavy Atom Count
33
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
777.000
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
2
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
2
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
The total count of all stereochemical bonds
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Calcolatori di soluzioni
Molarity Calculator
Determine the necessary mass, volume, or concentration for preparing a solution.
Dilution Calculator
Determine the dilution needed to prepare a stock solution.
Reconstitution Calculator
Recensioni
Recensioni dei clienti
Application Protocols
Tested/validated applications, recommended concentrations/dilutions, and positive controls: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
General guidance for small-molecule tool compounds (non-binding):
Prepare a concentrated DMSO stock, verify solubility visually, and store in small single-use aliquots.
Establish an 8–12 point dose–response (e.g., 3-fold serial dilution) covering expected activity ranges; include vehicle controls.
Confirm absence of assay interference (e.g., fluorescence quenching, aggregation) using orthogonal readouts or counter-screens as appropriate.
Biological Roles
Context (general/literature; no medical claims):
GC-376 is widely used in research as a tool compound to modulate cysteine protease activity. In aqueous environments, bisulfite adducts of peptidyl aldehydes can equilibrate to the corresponding aldehyde, which may form a reversible covalent hemithioacetal with active-site cysteines of target proteases.
Such compounds assist in dissecting protease substrate recognition (S1–S4 subsites), transition-state stabilization, and the contribution of P-side chain chemistry to potency and selectivity.
In cell-free assays, GC-376-class inhibitors can enable determination of kinetic parameters (kobs, kinact/Ki for time-dependent inhibitors) and facilitate competitive versus noncompetitive mechanism assignments through inhibitor titration and progress-curve fitting.
In cell-based systems (where permitted and validated), these tools may help relate biochemical potency to functional readouts, accounting for permeability, efflux, and intracellular stability.
Important notes:
Target specificity, on/off rates, cellular uptake, and potential off-target effects are system-dependent and should be empirically verified in the user’s assay conditions.
Avoid extrapolating biochemical findings to physiological or clinical outcomes. This product is for research use only.
Buffer Applications
Not typically applicable. GC-376 is not a buffering agent and is not used to control pH.
Practical note for assay buffers (general):
Choose buffers that maintain protease stability and activity (e.g., HEPES, Tris, or phosphate at appropriate pH and ionic strength), and confirm compatibility with the chosen co-solvent (commonly ≤1–2% DMSO). Include detergent (e.g., 0.01–0.05% nonionic) if nonspecific adsorption or aggregation is suspected. Filter and degas buffers for optical assays.
No buffer composition is specified for this item; refer to your assay SOPs and literature precedents.
Green Alternatives
Scope: While the compound itself is fixed, greener choices can be made in solvent selection and workflow.
Greener practices (general recommendations):
Prefer aqueous buffers with minimal DMSO (≤1% v/v) when compatible with the target and assay sensitivity.
Replace DMF/NMP with DMSO or ethanol/water cosolvent systems where feasible. Validate enzyme tolerance to ethanol at the intended levels.
Minimize solvent volumes via microplate-based assays and acoustic or low-dead-volume dispensing.
Implement solvent recycling for plate washing and cleaning steps when appropriate.
Comparison of common media (general):
Aqueous buffer + ≤1% DMSO: High assay compatibility; reduced environmental impact; may require staged dilution to prevent precipitation.
DMF/NMP: Strong solubility but poorer EHS profile; avoid unless essential for data quality.
Operational tips:
Use pre-warmed buffers to enhance dissolution at low co-solvent levels.
Evaluate cyclodextrins or serum proteins as solubilizers in biological contexts to reduce organic solvent requirements, verifying they do not mask readouts.
Right-size batches of stock solutions to reduce waste from expired/unused aliquots.
Pharmaceutical Uses
This catalog item is provided strictly for research use and library screening. It is not an excipient, not formulated for administration, and has no pharmacopeial monograph specified here.
As a screening tool or reference inhibitor in discovery workflows, it may be incorporated into in vitro assay kits or internal control panels for method qualification.
Any scale-up, GMP characterization, or formulation development is outside the scope of this listing and would require dedicated quality agreements and regulatory pathways.
Item-specific regulatory/compendial status: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Physical Properties
Item-specific specifications:
Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Melting point, boiling point, density, refractive index, pKa, logP, UV cut-off: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Solubility: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
General/literature guidance (non-specification):
Form: GC-376 is generally encountered as a solid in research catalogs.
Solubility practice: Small-molecule screening compounds of this class are commonly dissolved in anhydrous DMSO to prepare 10–50 mM stocks, then diluted into aqueous assay buffers. If precipitation occurs upon dilution, use staged dilution (e.g., pre-dilute 1:10 in water-miscible cosolvent before transferring to buffer) and keep final DMSO ≤1–2% v/v to protect sensitive enzymes.
Aqueous behavior: Bisulfite adducts are typically water-compatible; however, actual aqueous solubility and adduct stability depend on pH and ionic strength. Verify clarity after dilution and filter (0.22 µm) if needed for optical assays.
Stability considerations: Peptidomimetic aldehyde adducts can be sensitive to strong base and prolonged high temperatures. Avoid extended exposure to elevated temperature and strong oxidants.
Note: Use the Certificate of Analysis/Specification Sheet for definitive, lot-specific physicochemical data.
Quality and Grades
Grade/Purity: Moligand™ (as provided). Moligand™ denotes our curated small-molecule/ligand collection intended for discovery screening, target validation, and SAR studies in research laboratories.
What Moligand™ typically implies (general guidance; not a specification):
Sourcing and curation for bioactivity relevance and novelty suitable for screening collections.
Identity verified by appropriate analytical methods (e.g., NMR/MS/HRMS/HPLC) as described on the CoA for each lot.
Supplied for research use only; not for human or veterinary use, drug, or diagnostic applications.
Item-specific purity, water content, residual solvents, stabilizers, metal content, and chromatographic purity:
Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Practical notes:
For screening campaigns, document lot number and preparation history (solvent, concentration, date). If low-UV background is essential (e.g., PDA-monitored assays), consult the CoA for HPLC trace/UV profile. If your workflow requires salt form information or counter-ion content, verify on the label/CoA before use.
Reaction and Applications
This product is a bioactive small molecule supplied for discovery research, not a synthetic reagent. As such, it is not typically employed as a solvent, reagent, or catalyst in preparative organic chemistry.
Research applications (general/literature context):
Tool compound for biochemical assay development: Often used to establish positive-control inhibition in protease activity assays and to benchmark assay dynamic range and Z′ factors.
Mechanistic enzymology: Suitable for characterizing time-dependent inhibition, reversibility, and covalent adduct formation kinetics in cysteine-protease models using progress-curve analysis.
Structural biology: Can serve in co-crystallization or soaking experiments to define protease active-site interactions (protein–ligand complex formation), subject to solubility and stability in crystallization conditions.
Selectivity profiling: Applied across enzyme panels to map off-target interactions and build SAR.
Practical considerations:
Use fresh DMSO stocks and minimize water uptake. Track freeze–thaw cycles and avoid light/heat exposure during assay setup.
Confirm compound identity and purity if anomalous results occur (LC–MS/HPLC).
Include solvent-only and inactive-analog controls to ensure observed effects are compound-related rather than solvent or assay artifacts.
Reaction Conditions
Not typically applicable. This product is not intended as a reagent or catalyst in preparative organic synthesis.
Assay-condition guidance (general, non-binding):
Enzymology assays using inhibitors of this class often run at ambient temperature (20–25 °C) in buffered aqueous media with controlled ionic strength and reducing conditions tailored to the protease (e.g., low concentrations of DTT or TCEP if compatible).
Maintain consistent final co-solvent content (commonly ≤1–2% DMSO) across wells. Pre-incubation times with enzyme can range from minutes to an hour when evaluating time-dependent inhibition; optimize empirically.
Confirm linear reaction windows and include proper blanks/controls. These are general best practices and not specifications for this item.
Safety and Handling
Item-specific hazard data:
GHS classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
Signal word: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
Hazard (H) statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
Pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
General laboratory safety guidance (non-authoritative; defer to SDS):
PPE: Wear lab coat, safety glasses, and suitable chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile). Handle powders in a fume hood to minimize dust inhalation.
Avoid exposure: Prevent aerosol/dust formation. Do not ingest or inhale. Wash hands thoroughly after handling. For research use only.
Incompatibilities: Avoid strong oxidizers, strong bases, and reactive acylating/alkylating agents. Maintain solutions free from microbial contamination for biological assays.
First aid (overview): Inhalation—move to fresh air; Skin—wash with soap and water; Eyes—rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; Ingestion—rinse mouth. Seek medical attention as per SDS instructions.
Spill response: Collect solids by gentle sweeping; for solutions, absorb with inert material. Dispose of waste according to institutional and local regulations.
Special risks: As with many bioactive small molecules, minimize exposure time and quantity used. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw of DMSO stocks to limit container contamination and compound degradation.
Always consult the official Safety Data Sheet supplied with the lot for authoritative hazard classifications and response measures.
Solvent Selection
Applicability: GC-376 is supplied as a research small molecule (Moligand™). Solvent choice is governed by assay type, required concentration, and target stability.
General solvent guidance (literature/practice):
Primary stock solvent: DMSO is typically preferred for high-concentration stocks owing to its strong solubilizing power and miscibility with water and most buffers.
Alternative polar aprotics: DMF or NMP can solubilize challenging compounds but may be less desirable in biochemical assays due to target perturbation and cytotoxicity at low percentages.
Aqueous media: Direct dissolution in buffer may be feasible for bisulfite adducts, but confirm clarity and stability; consider small amounts of co-solvent (≤1–2% DMSO) to aid solubilization.
pH effects: Bisulfite adduct equilibria can be pH-dependent. Maintain assay pH in the intended operational range and be consistent across replicates.
Comparison (general):
DMSO: maximal solubility, enzyme-compatible up to ~1–2% v/v; hygroscopic.
DMF/NMP: strong solubilizers; use sparingly in biological systems.
Aqueous buffer + co-solvent: best for target compatibility; watch for precipitation during dilution.
Tips:
Warm gently (ambient to 37 °C) and vortex/sonicate to assist dissolution; avoid prolonged heating.
Filter sterilize (0.22 µm) if using in cell-based assays and if solubility permits.
Validate final solvent composition in controls to decouple solvent effects from compound activity.
Shipped in: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
General guidance (non-binding; follow your institutional SOPs):
Keep container tightly closed in a dry, well-ventilated place away from direct light and heat sources. If long-term storage is anticipated, consider keeping sealed primary containers in a desiccator.
Reconstitution: For small-molecule screening use, dissolve in anhydrous DMSO to prepare a concentrated stock (e.g., 10–50 mM as solubility permits). Mix by vortexing; brief bath sonication can help. Filter if needed and if solubility allows.
Aliquoting: Dispense into single-use aliquots in solvent-compatible vials or plates to avoid repeated freeze–thaw and moisture ingress. If frozen stocks are prepared, store at ≤−20 °C and thaw once before use.
Handling after dilution: Use freshly prepared working solutions. Maintain consistent co-solvent levels across samples. Inspect for precipitation or turbidity and discard compromised solutions.
Note: Always consult the product label and lot-specific CoA/SDS for definitive storage instructions and any stability/stabilizer information.
Structure and Identity
Product: GC-376 (SKU: G610527)
CAS: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
InChIKey: 33251 (as provided; verify against CoA/SDS for the definitive identifier)
SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
General/literature description (for context, not item-specific):
GC-376 is widely cited in the literature as a peptidomimetic aldehyde bisulfite adduct used as a research inhibitor of cysteine proteases (tool compound). The bisulfite adduct behaves as a reversible pro-adduct that can release the corresponding aldehyde in aqueous media, enabling reversible covalent engagement with active-site cysteines in target proteases.
Structural features reported in the literature typically include: a peptide-like backbone (di-/tripeptidic motif), a masked aldehyde (bisulfite adduct) warhead, and a hydrophobic cap group to engage S subsites. No stereochemical or structural details are claimed for this specific catalog item; consult the CoA for the exact structure supplied.
2D description in words (generic/literature):
A linear peptidomimetic scaffold bearing side chains mimicking protease P positions; N-terminus commonly carbamate-protected; C-terminus presented as an aldehyde captured as a bisulfite adduct. Features multiple amide linkages and one electrophile-masking sulfonate adduct moiety.
Synthetic Utility
Not typically applicable. GC-376 is offered as a bioactive small molecule for biochemical research rather than as a synthetic building block or reagent.
General comments (for context only):
Peptidomimetic bisulfite adducts are end products of medicinal chemistry campaigns and are not commonly used as intermediates. They contain multiple functional groups (amides, protected N-terminus, masked aldehyde) that can complicate downstream transformations.
If derivatization or conjugation is desired (e.g., for probe development), custom synthesis routes are usually pursued starting from earlier intermediates rather than modifying the final inhibitor.
Target Specificity
Item-specific target information (name, class, species reactivity, binding constants, or selectivity): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Note: While GC-376 is discussed in the literature as a protease inhibitor tool compound, no target specificity claims are made for this specific catalog lot/listing. Users should establish target engagement and selectivity under their experimental conditions.
Need help choosing the grade?
Our grade selection guide covers purity, stabilizer status, and application suitability for all variants in our catalog.
We use cookies to ensure the website functions properly and, where permitted, to improve your experience. You can manage your preferences at any time in Settings. Learn more in our Cookie Policy.
Shall we send you a message when we have discounts available?
Remind me later
Thank you! Please check your email inbox to confirm.
Products are supplied to verified businesses, institutions, and qualified professionals for research and development use only. Not for use in humans, animals, diagnosis, or therapy.
