GM-109, Antagonist of motilin receptor, CAS No.rp174156, Antagonist of motilin receptor

CAS: rp174156 Cat. No.: rp174156 PubChem CID: 9850904

GRADE & PURITY Moligand™

Specifications

Product Name

GM-109, Antagonist of motilin receptor, CAS No.rp174156

Sinonimi

GM 109;GM109

Grado

Moligand™

Specifiche e purezza

Moligand™

Tipo di azione

ANTAGONIST

Meccanismo d'azione

Antagonist of motilin receptor

CAS

rp174156

Tipo di molecola

Piccola molecola

Stoccaggio e spedizione

Condizioni di conservazione di stoccaggio

Room temperature

Taxonomic Classification

Taxonomy Tree

• Kingdom Organic compounds
  • Superclass Organic acids and derivatives
    • Classe Peptidomimetics
      • Subclass Hybrid peptides

• Kingdom: Organic compounds
• Superclass: Organic acids and derivatives
• Classe: Peptidomimetics
• Subclass: Hybrid peptides
• Intermediate Tree Nodes: Not available
• Direct Parent: Hybrid peptides
• Alternative Parents: Oligopeptides Phenylalanine and derivatives N-acyl-alpha amino acids and derivatives Macrolactams Alpha amino acid amides Beta amino acids and derivatives Amphetamines and derivatives Phenylpropanes 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids Aralkylamines Fatty amides Secondary carboxylic acid amides Lactams Azacyclic compounds Organopnictogen compounds Monoalkylamines Organic oxides Carbonyl compounds Hydrocarbon derivatives
• Molecular Framework: Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
• Substituents: Cyclic hybrid peptide - Alpha-oligopeptide - Phenylalanine or derivatives - Macrolactam - N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives - Alpha-amino acid amide - Beta amino acid or derivatives - Alpha-amino acid or derivatives - Amphetamine or derivatives - Phenylpropane - Aralkylamine - 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid - Phenol - Benzenoid - Fatty amide - Monocyclic benzene moiety - Fatty acyl - Carboxamide group - Secondary carboxylic acid amide - Lactam - Amino acid or derivatives - Azacycle - Organoheterocyclic compound - Carboxylic acid derivative - Primary amine - Amine - Organic oxygen compound - Carbonyl group - Organic nitrogen compound - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organic oxide - Organopnictogen compound - Organooxygen compound - Organonitrogen compound - Primary aliphatic amine - Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
• Descrizione: This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hybrid peptides. These are compounds containing at least two different types of amino acids (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) linked to each other through a peptide bond.
• External Descriptors: Not available

Data sources

1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.

DOI: 10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y

Obiettivi associati (umani)

MLNR Tchem Motilin receptor (0 Activities)

Discover Target: MLNR

Activity Type	Activity Value -log(M)	Mechanism of Action	Activity Reference	Publications (PubMed IDs)

MLNR Tchem Motilin receptor (1724 Activities)

Discover Target: MLNR

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

Meccanismi d'azione

Informazioni genetiche

• Alternate Names: GM 109;GM109
• Reference:
  • 1. Kinetics and inhibition of recombinant human cystathionine gamma-lyase. Toward the rational control of transsulfuration., The Journal of biological chemistry, Steegborn, C C and 7 more authors.
  • 2. Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Strausberg, Robert L RL and 83 more authors.
  • 3. Genomic basis of cystathioninuria (MIM 219500) revealed by multiple mutations in cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH)., Human genetics, Wang, Jian J and Hegele, Robert A RA.
  • 4. Cloning and nucleotide sequence of human liver cDNA encoding for cystathionine gamma-lyase., Biochemical and biophysical research communications, Lu, Y Y, O'Dowd, B F BF, Orrego, H H and Israel, Y Y.
  • 5. Single nucleotide polymorphism in CTH associated with variation in plasma homocysteine concentration., Clinical genetics, Wang, J J, Huff, A M AM, Spence, J D JD and Hegele, R A RA.
  • 6. Cystathionine gamma-lyase overexpression inhibits cell proliferation via a H2S-dependent modulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and p21Cip/WAK-1., The Journal of biological chemistry, Yang, Guangdong G, Cao, Kun K, Wu, Lingyun L and Wang, Rui R.
  • 7. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)., Genome research, Gerhard, Daniela S DS and 115 more authors.
  • 8. Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network., Nature, Rual, Jean-François JF and 37 more authors.
  • 9. The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1., Nature, Gregory, S G SG and 178 more authors.
  • 10. Polymorphisms in one-carbon metabolism and trans-sulfuration pathway genes and susceptibility to bladder cancer., International journal of cancer, Moore, Lee E LE and 14 more authors. more
  • 11. Toward a confocal subcellular atlas of the human proteome., Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP, Barbe, Laurent L and 10 more authors.
  • 12. Kinetic properties of polymorphic variants and pathogenic mutants in human cystathionine gamma-lyase., Biochemistry, Zhu, Weidong W, Lin, Alexander A and Banerjee, Ruma R.
  • 13. Pathway-based evaluation of 380 candidate genes and lung cancer susceptibility suggests the importance of the cell cycle pathway., Carcinogenesis, Hosgood, H Dean HD and 12 more authors.
  • 14. Relationship between cystathionine gamma-lyase gene polymorphism and essential hypertension in Northern Chinese Han population., Chinese medical journal, Li, Yun Y and 8 more authors.
  • 15. Active cystathionine beta-synthase can be expressed in heme-free systems in the presence of metal-substituted porphyrins or a chemical chaperone., The Journal of biological chemistry, Majtan, Tomas T, Singh, Laishram R LR, Wang, Liqun L, Kruger, Warren D WD and Kraus, Jan P JP.
  • 16. MALDI-TOF MS genotyping of polymorphisms related to 1-carbon metabolism using common and mass-modified terminators., Clinical chemistry, Meyer, Klaus K, Fredriksen, Ase A and Ueland, Per Magne PM.
  • 17. Structural basis for the inhibition mechanism of human cystathionine gamma-lyase, an enzyme responsible for the production of H(2)S., The Journal of biological chemistry, Sun, Qingxiang Q and 10 more authors.
  • 18. Oral facial clefts and gene polymorphisms in metabolism of folate/one-carbon and vitamin A: a pathway-wide association study., Genetic epidemiology, Boyles, Abee L AL and 16 more authors.
  • 19. Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes., Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, Gonzales, Patricia A PA and 7 more authors.
  • 20. An association study of 45 folate-related genes in spina bifida: Involvement of cubilin (CUBN) and tRNA aspartic acid methyltransferase 1 (TRDMT1)., Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology, Franke, Barbara B and 7 more authors.
  • 21. Polymorphisms in innate immunity genes and lung cancer risk in Xuanwei, China., Environmental and molecular mutagenesis, Shen, Min M and 12 more authors.
  • 22. H2S biogenesis by human cystathionine gamma-lyase leads to the novel sulfur metabolites lanthionine and homolanthionine and is responsive to the grade of hyperhomocysteinemia., The Journal of biological chemistry, Chiku, Taurai T and 5 more authors.
  • 23. Variations in folate pathway genes are associated with unexplained female infertility., Fertility and sterility, Altmäe, Signe S and 7 more authors.
  • 24. Bile-acid-activated farnesoid X receptor regulates hydrogen sulfide production and hepatic microcirculation., World journal of gastroenterology, Renga, Barbara B, Mencarelli, Andrea A, Migliorati, Marco M, Distrutti, Eleonora E and Fiorucci, Stefano S.
  • 25. Cystathionine gamma-lyase: Clinical, metabolic, genetic, and structural studies., Molecular genetics and metabolism, Kraus, Jan P JP and 14 more authors.
  • 26. Relative contributions of cystathionine beta-synthase and gamma-cystathionase to H2S biogenesis via alternative trans-sulfuration reactions., The Journal of biological chemistry, Singh, Sangita S, Padovani, Dominique D, Leslie, Rachel A RA, Chiku, Taurai T and Banerjee, Ruma R.
  • 27. PTEN identified as important risk factor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease., Respiratory medicine, Hosgood, H Dean HD, Menashe, Idan I, He, Xingzhou X, Chanock, Stephen S and Lan, Qing Q.
  • 28. Genetic susceptibility to distinct bladder cancer subphenotypes., European urology, Guey, Lin T LT and 18 more authors.
  • 29. Gene-centric association signals for lipids and apolipoproteins identified via the HumanCVD BeadChip., American journal of human genetics, Talmud, Philippa J PJ and 38 more authors.
  • 30. Integrative predictive model of coronary artery calcification in atherosclerosis., Circulation, McGeachie, Michael M and 13 more authors.
  • 31. Cystathionine beta-synthase 844Ins68 polymorphism is not associated with the levels of homocysteine and cysteine in an Indian population., Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals, Kumar, Jitender J, Garg, Gaurav G, Karthikeyan, Ganesan G and Sengupta, Shantanu S.
  • 32. The expression and activity of cystathionine-γ-lyase and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase in human neoplastic cell lines., Amino acids, Jurkowska, Halina H, Placha, Wojciech W, Nagahara, Noriuki N and Wróbel, Maria M.
  • 33. Ancient origin of the CTH alelle carrying the c.200C>T (p.T67I) variant in patients with cystathioninuria., Clinical genetics, Espinós, C C and 8 more authors.
  • 34. Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of thiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study., Diabetes care, Bailey, Swneke D SD and 11 more authors.
  • 35. Maternal genes and facial clefts in offspring: a comprehensive search for genetic associations in two population-based cleft studies from Scandinavia., PloS one, Jugessur, Astanand A and 12 more authors.
  • 36. [Expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase/hydrogen sulfide pathway in CVB3-induced myocarditis in mice]., Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics, Hua, Wang W and 6 more authors.
  • 37. Folate-metabolizing gene variants and pregnancy outcome of IVF., Reproductive biomedicine online, Laanpere, M M and 5 more authors.
  • 38. Specificity protein-1 as a critical regulator of human cystathionine gamma-lyase in smooth muscle cells., The Journal of biological chemistry, Yang, Guangdong G, Pei, Yanxi Y, Teng, Huajian H, Cao, Qiuhui Q and Wang, Rui R.
  • 39. Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium., Briefings in bioinformatics, Gaudet, Pascale P, Livstone, Michael S MS, Lewis, Suzanna E SE and Thomas, Paul D PD.
  • 40. Expression of cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase in human pregnant myometrium and their roles in the control of uterine contractility., PloS one, You, Xing-Ji XJ and 8 more authors.
  • 41. MicroRNA-21 represses human cystathionine gamma-lyase expression by targeting at specificity protein-1 in smooth muscle cells., Journal of cellular physiology, Yang, Guangdong G, Pei, Yanxi Y, Cao, Qiuhui Q and Wang, Rui R.
  • 42. H2S-Induced sulfhydration of the phosphatase PTP1B and its role in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response., Science signaling, Krishnan, Navasona N, Fu, Cexiong C, Pappin, Darryl J DJ and Tonks, Nicholas K NK.
  • 43. Characterization of hydrogen sulfide and its synthases, cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase, in human prostatic tissue and cells., Urology, Guo, Hui H and 5 more authors.
  • 44. Sp1 is involved in regulation of cystathionine γ-lyase gene expression and biological function by PI3K/Akt pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines., Cellular signalling, Yin, Peng P and 12 more authors.
  • 45. H₂S protects against pressure overload-induced heart failure via upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase., Circulation, Kondo, Kazuhisa K and 14 more authors.
  • 46. Reduced cystathionine γ-lyase and increased miR-21 expression are associated with increased vascular resistance in growth-restricted pregnancies: hydrogen sulfide as a placental vasodilator., The American journal of pathology, Cindrova-Davies, Tereza T and 5 more authors.
  • 47. Dysregulation of hydrogen sulfide producing enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase contributes to maternal hypertension and placental abnormalities in preeclampsia., Circulation, Wang, Keqing K and 14 more authors.
  • 48. Regulation of cystathionine γ-lyase in mammalian cells by hypoxia., Biochemical genetics, Wang, Maoxian M, Guo, Zhanyun Z and Wang, Shilong S.
  • 49. A genome-wide association study of chemotherapy-induced alopecia in breast cancer patients., Breast cancer research : BCR, Chung, Suyoun S and 6 more authors.
  • 50. [Cystathionine γ-lyase]., Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej (Online), Jurkowska, Halina H, Kaczor-Kamińska, Marta M, Bronowicka-Adamska, Patrycja P and Wróbel, Maria M.
  • 51. Decreased cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) activity in livers of type 1 diabetic rats and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of type 1 diabetic patients., The Journal of biological chemistry, Manna, Prasenjit P, Gungor, Neslihan N, McVie, Robert R and Jain, Sushil K SK.
  • 52. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)/cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) pathway contributes to the proliferation of hepatoma cells., Mutation research, Pan, Yan Y and 5 more authors.
  • 53. The cystathionine γ-lyase/hydrogen sulfide system maintains cellular glutathione status., The Biochemical journal, Lee, Zheng-Wei ZW, Low, Yi-Lian YL, Huang, Shufen S, Wang, Tianxiao T and Deng, Lih-Wen LW.
  • 54. The binding site for the transcription factor, NF-κB, on the cystathionine γ-lyase promoter is critical for LPS-induced cystathionine γ-lyase expression., International journal of molecular medicine, Wang, Maoxian M, Guo, Zhanyun Z and Wang, Shilong S.
  • 55. Regulation of cystathionine gamma-lyase/H₂S system and its pathological implication., Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition), Zhao, Kexin K, Li, Hongzhu H, Li, Shuangshuang S and Yang, Guangdong G.
  • 56. Dysregulation of hydrogen sulphide metabolism impairs oviductal transport of embryos., Nature communications, Ning, Nannan N and 5 more authors.
  • 57. Wnt/β-catenin signaling induces the transcription of cystathionine-γ-lyase, a stimulator of tumor in colon cancer., Cellular signalling, Fan, Kun K and 7 more authors.
  • 58. miRNA-30 family inhibition protects against cardiac ischemic injury by regulating cystathionine-γ-lyase expression., Antioxidants & redox signaling, Shen, Yaqi Y and 7 more authors.
  • 59. Role of the cystathionine γ lyase/hydrogen sulfide pathway in human melanoma progression., Pigment cell & melanoma research, Panza, Elisabetta E and 11 more authors.
  • 60. A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network., Cell, Rolland, Thomas T and 69 more authors.
  • 61. Neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease involves loss of cystathionine γ-lyase., Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.), Paul, Bindu D BD and Snyder, Solomon H SH.
  • 62. The importance of MTHFR, MTR, MTRR and CSE expression levels in Caucasian women with preeclampsia., European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, Seremak-Mrozikiewicz, Agnieszka A and 6 more authors.
  • 63. The importance of rs1021737 and rs482843 polymorphisms of cystathionine gamma-lyase in the etiology of preeclampsia in the Caucasian population., Ginekologia polska, Mrozikiewicz, Przemysław M PM and 8 more authors.
  • 64. Cystathionine γ-lyase, a H2S-generating enzyme, is a GPBAR1-regulated gene and contributes to vasodilation caused by secondary bile acids., American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, Renga, Barbara B and 9 more authors.
  • 65. Correlation between the cystathionine-γ-lyase (CES) and the severity of peptic ulcer disease., African health sciences, Chen, Xiong X, Wan, Ying-Chun YC, Guo, Tao T, Xu, Can-Xia CX and Wang, Fen F.
  • 66. MPST but not CSE is the primary regulator of hydrogen sulfide production and function in the coronary artery., American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, Kuo, Maggie M MM and 10 more authors.
  • 67. Transcriptional Regulation of Cystathionine-γ-Lyase in Endothelial Cells by NADPH Oxidase 4-Dependent Signaling., The Journal of biological chemistry, Mistry, Rajesh K RK and 8 more authors.
  • 68. LPS Up-Regulates Cystathionine γ -Lyase Gene Expression in Primary Human Macrophages via NF-κB/ERK Pathway., Inflammation & allergy drug targets, Badiei, Alireza A, Gieseg, Steven S, Davies, Sian S, Izani Othman, Mohd M and Bhatia, Madhav M.
  • 69. Radiation Exposure Promotes Hepatocarcinoma Cell Invasion through Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Mediated by H2S/CSE Pathway., Radiation research, Pan, Yan Y, Zhou, Cuiping C, Yuan, Dexiao D, Zhang, Jianghong J and Shao, Chunlin C.
  • 70. Cystathionine γ-lyase(CSE)/hydrogen sulfide system is regulated by miR-216a and influences cholesterol efflux in macrophages via the PI3K/AKT/ABCA1 pathway., Biochemical and biophysical research communications, Gong, Duo D and 15 more authors.
  • 71. MicroRNA-186 promotes macrophage lipid accumulation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by targeting cystathionine γ-lyase in THP-1 macrophages., Atherosclerosis, Yao, Yan Y and 9 more authors.
  • 72. Cystathionine γ-lyase is expressed in human atherosclerotic plaque microvessels and is involved in micro-angiogenesis., Scientific reports, van den Born, J C JC and 5 more authors.
  • 73. Dichotomous effects of isomeric secondary amines containing an aromatic nitrile and nitro group on human aortic smooth muscle cells via inhibition of cystathionine-γ-lyase., Biochimie, Ji, Yajing Y and 6 more authors.
  • 74. Distinctive expression pattern of cystathionine-β-synthase and cystathionine-γ-lyase identifies mesenchymal stromal cells transition to mineralizing osteoblasts., Journal of cellular physiology, Gambari, Laura L and 6 more authors.
  • 75. Age-Dependent Allergic Asthma Development and Cystathionine Gamma-Lyase Deficiency., Antioxidants & redox signaling, Wang, Peipei P and 6 more authors.
  • 76. Augmented H2S production via cystathionine-beta-synthase upregulation plays a role in pregnancy-associated uterine vasodilation., Biology of reproduction, Sheibani, Lili L and 7 more authors.
  • 77. Total sulfane sulfur bioavailability reflects ethnic and gender disparities in cardiovascular disease., Redox biology, Rajpal, Saurabh S and 12 more authors.
  • 78. Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides., Gene, Maruyama, K K and Sugano, S S.

Application Protocols

No validated application protocols are included in the listing for GM-109.

General starting points for screening compounds (for research use only):

• Prepare a master stock in anhydrous DMSO (e.g., 10–20 mM). Vortex and, if needed, sonicate gently to aid dissolution. Filter if particulates remain.
• Perform a short-term stability check of the working solution in the intended assay buffer at the planned DMSO percentage.
• Generate an 8–10 point serial dilution (e.g., 1:3 or 1:2) for dose–response evaluation; include vehicle controls and reference standards as applicable to the assay.
• For cell assays, keep total organic solvent ≤0.5–1.0% v/v and confirm lack of vehicle toxicity in control wells.

Recordkeeping:

• Document lot number, preparation date, solvent composition, and storage conditions. Attach chromatograms/spectra if in-house QC is performed.

Biological Roles

No biological target, pathway, or mechanism is provided for GM-109 in the current listing.

• Item-specific biological function: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet or associated screening documentation.

General context for small-molecule screening entries:

• Compounds in discovery libraries are often selected to explore chemical space relevant to protein–ligand interactions, including kinases, GPCRs, ion channels, and enzymes (general medicinal chemistry knowledge).
• Until a target is disclosed and validated, treat GM-109 as a chemical probe candidate to be profiled for potency, selectivity, and potential off-target activities using appropriate counterscreens.

Important note:

• All uses are restricted to research and laboratory settings. No medical, diagnostic, or clinical applications are intended or supported.

Buffer Applications

GM-109 is a small organic molecule, not a buffering reagent. No buffer system parameters are applicable.

Practical notes for assay buffers (general):

• Choose a buffer that maintains compound stability and target activity (e.g., HEPES, PBS, or Tris within pH 6.5–8.0 depending on assay requirements). Confirm compound stability against the selected buffer by LC–MS over the assay timeframe.
• Maintain consistent DMSO percentage across control and treated wells; include vehicle controls to correct for solvent effects.

Green Alternatives

Because GM-109 is a screening compound rather than a process solvent or reagent, “green alternatives” pertain mainly to solvent choices during handling and analysis (general guidance):

Comparison of common solvents (general/literature):

• DMSO: High solvating power; widely assay-compatible but has environmental persistence; use minimal volumes and proper waste handling.
• Ethanol (EtOH): Preferable where feasible due to lower toxicity and better biodegradability; limited by compound solubility.
• 2-MeTHF/CPME: Greener options for synthetic workups if you later derivatize the compound; not typically used for biological assay stocks.
• Acetonitrile vs. MeOH (LC): Consider MeOH where method allows, due to lower environmental impact.

Best practices:

• Minimize solvent volumes, adopt microplate formats to reduce waste, and employ closed autosampler vials to limit emissions.
• Consolidate analytical runs and use solvent recycling systems when compatible with QA requirements.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No formulation or pharmacopeial status is provided for GM-109. This product is supplied strictly for research use only.

General considerations (non-clinical):

• Screening compounds may be used in pre-formulation studies at the research stage to explore solubility enhancers (e.g., cyclodextrins, co-solvents) or to assess stability under different pH and oxidative conditions. Such activities remain within nonclinical research contexts.
• If later development is contemplated, comprehensive CMC characterization (polymorph, solubility profile, hygroscopicity, stability indicating methods) would be required; none of this is specified for GM-109 in the current data.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physicochemical data are not disclosed for GM-109 in the provided listing.

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Melting point (mp): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Boiling point (bp): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Density: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Solubility: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• LogP / cLogP: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• pKa: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Refractive index: Not applicable/unknown for a solid; Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General laboratory considerations (literature/general):

• For small-molecule screening members, initial dissolution is commonly evaluated in anhydrous DMSO (10–20 mM stock) with subsequent dilution into assay buffers; aqueous solubility may vary widely depending on ionizable groups and heteroatom content.
• If the CoA provides calculated properties (e.g., cLogP, TPSA), use them to predict solubility and select appropriate co-solvents (e.g., ethanol, DMF) when needed.

Quality and Grades

• Grade/Purity: Moligand™ (as provided). Specific purity percentage for this item: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

What Moligand™-type screening grade typically implies (industry practice; general information):

• Designed for small-molecule screening and discovery workflows, commonly provided with identity confirmation (e.g., LC–MS) and a minimum purity specification suitable for HTS or target validation. Typical library purities are often ≥90–95% (literature/industry norm), but this is not guaranteed for GM-109 unless stated on the CoA.
• May be supplied as a free base/neutral form or a defined salt to optimize solubility and handling; exact form for GM-109 is not indicated here.

How to verify quality for this item:

• Consult the CoA for: analytical method(s) used (LC–MS, HPLC, NMR), purity basis (area % vs. weight %), residual solvent limits, water content, and salt form.
• For assay-critical work (biochemical/biophysical), consider in-house verification (LC–MS/HPLC) upon receipt to confirm identity and purity in your lab’s method.

Stabilizers/Inhibitors:

• None are listed. If present, they will be disclosed on the CoA/Spec Sheet.

Reaction and Applications

This product is positioned as a small-molecule screening entry rather than a bulk synthetic reagent. No manufacturer application notes are supplied beyond research use.

Research screening context (general):

• Can be incorporated into biochemical, biophysical, or phenotypic assays to probe target engagement, pathway modulation, or SAR hypotheses once structure and mechanism are known.
• Suitable for library plating, dose–response curve generation, orthogonal assay confirmation, and selectivity panels.

Analytical and preparation tips:

• Prepare concentrated DMSO stocks using volumetric methods; confirm concentration by UV (if chromophore known) or quantitative NMR when precise dosing is needed.
• Filter stocks (0.2 µm PTFE) if particulates appear; avoid PVDF/nylon if compound adsorption is suspected.
• Track freeze–thaw cycles and storage time; monitor for degradation by LC–MS before critical studies.

Synthetic chemistry usage:

• Not typically applied as a reaction solvent or auxiliary. Any synthetic transformations of GM-109 would require its structure, which is not provided; no named-reaction roles can be recommended for this item.

Reaction Conditions

Not applicable in a specific sense, as GM-109 is not supplied as a reagent for chemical reactions and its structure is not provided.

General guidance if derivatization is pursued (literature/general):

• Reaction solvents and temperatures must be tailored to the functional groups present (unknown for GM-109). Typical small-molecule derivatizations use polar aprotic solvents (DMF, DMAc, DMSO, MeCN) at 20–120 °C with appropriate bases/catalysts.
• Always confirm compound integrity by LC–MS/NMR before and after transformations; establish stability windows to acids/bases and oxidants by micro-scale tests.

Safety and Handling

Authoritative safety information must be taken from the product SDS. The listing for GM-109 does not include GHS details.

• Signal Word (GHS): Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Hazard Statements (H-Statements): Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Pictograms / Classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.

General laboratory precautions (good practice for small molecules):

• Handle in a fume hood, avoid inhalation and skin contact; wear appropriate PPE: lab coat, safety glasses, and chemically resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile).
• Avoid generating dust/aerosols. For solutions, prevent splashes and clean spills promptly with inert absorbent.
• Storage incompatibilities should be assessed after structure is known. As a default, segregate from strong oxidizers and acids/bases until reactivity is clarified (general precaution).

First-aid overview (defer to SDS for specifics):

• Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
• Skin/eyes: Rinse with water for at least 15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing.
• Ingestion: Rinse mouth; seek medical advice. Do not induce vomiting unless directed.

Waste: Collect in a properly labeled organic waste container; dispose according to institutional and local regulations.

Solvent Selection

Item-specific solubility is not provided. Without a disclosed structure, solvent choice should follow a tiered screening approach (general best practice for small molecules):

• Primary solvent for stocks: Anhydrous DMSO (typical 10–20 mM) due to broad solubilizing power and compatibility with many biochemical assays.
• Co-solvents for assay dilution: Water or buffer with 0.1–1% DMSO; if precipitation occurs, introduce co-solvents such as ethanol or minimal DMF content while confirming assay tolerance.
• pH adjustment: If the compound is ionizable (unknown here), modest pH shifts (buffered pH 6–8) may enhance aqueous solubility; verify chemical stability versus pH before use.

General miscibility/selection notes (literature/general):

• DMSO is miscible with water and many organics; DMF and acetonitrile can be used for analytical sample prep but may be less assay-friendly.
• For cell-based assays, maintain total organic cosolvent typically ≤0.5–1.0% v/v to limit vehicle effects.

Documentation: Record solvent lot, final DMSO % in assay, and any observed precipitation or turbidity over time.

Storage and Reconstitution

• Storage Conditions (as provided): Room temperature.
• Shipped In: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Appearance/Form: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Reconstitution (general guidance, non-item-specific):

• If supplied as a solid: Allow to equilibrate to room temperature in a desiccator before opening. Prepare a concentrated stock in anhydrous DMSO. Record the exact concentration and solvent.
• If supplied as a solution: Verify solvent and concentration on the label/CoA. Mix gently after arrival; avoid introducing moisture.

Aliquoting and stability (general):

• To minimize degradation, prepare single-use aliquots. For DMSO stocks, many labs store at −20 °C to limit hydrolysis/oxidation; however, this product’s listing indicates room-temperature storage—follow the label and CoA for this specific item. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles if colder storage is used in your workflow.

Compatibility checks:

• Confirm solubility and absence of precipitation upon dilution into assay buffers. Inspect visually before use and periodically during long experiments.

Always defer to the product label, CoA, and SDS for item-specific instructions.

Structure and Identity

Brief overview: GM-109 is listed as a small-molecule entry in the Moligand™ collection intended for research screening. Item-specific structural identifiers are largely not disclosed in the provided data.

• Product Name: GM-109 (SKU: rp174156)
• CAS: rp174156 (catalog placeholder; not a standard CAS Registry Number)
• CID: 9850904 (as provided; verify against supplier CoA)
• InChIKey: 324379 (as provided)
• SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular Formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular Weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Structural features (general guidance):

• Because no structure is supplied, functional groups, stereochemistry, and ring systems cannot be enumerated for this item.
• For screening compounds, typical structural motifs span heteroaromatic scaffolds, drug-like fragments, and privileged structures (general medicinal chemistry knowledge), but the specific features of GM-109 are not provided here.

2D structure description:

• Not available in the product data. Request structural file (SMILES/SDF) or refer to the certificate of analysis for definitive identity confirmation.

Synthetic Utility

GM-109 is presented as a screening library member rather than a synthetic building block. Without structural disclosure, no specific reactivity profile can be described.

General notes (literature/general):

• If the structure contains common functional handles (e.g., aryl halide, carboxylic acid, amine), derivatization routes could include cross-coupling (Suzuki, Buchwald–Hartwig), amide coupling, or reductive amination. However, applicability to GM-109 is unknown.
• For SAR exploration, route scouting would begin with functional group compatibility and protecting group strategy once the scaffold is identified.

Conclusion:

• No item-specific synthetic transformations are recommended due to the absence of structural information.

Target Specificity

No target, binding site, or selectivity profile is provided for GM-109.

• Target/epitope: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet or screening data release.
• Species reactivity: Not applicable/unspecified.

Note: Target specificity can only be defined following disclosure of assay results (e.g., IC50/Ki, Kd, thermal shift) and orthogonal validation. None are included in the current product data.