Germanium (Ge) — Element 32: Properties & Data
Germanium (Ge) is a metalloid with atomic number 32 and atomic mass 72.630. It has melting point 1211.4 K (938 °C), boiling point 3106 K (2833 °C), density 5.323 g/cm³. It sits in group 14 and period 4 of the periodic table and was discovered in 1886.
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Key facts
| Atomic mass | 72.630 u |
|---|---|
| Electron configuration | [Ar]4s2 3d10 4p2 |
| Oxidation states | +4, +2 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 2.01 |
| Atomic radius (van der Waals) | 211 pm |
| Ionization energy | 7.9 eV |
| Electron affinity | 1.35 eV |
| Melting point | 1211.4 K |
| Boiling point | 3106 K |
| Density | 5.323 g/cm³ |
| Standard state | Solid |
| Discovered | 1886 |
Domande frequenti
What is the electron configuration of germanium?
The ground-state electron configuration of germanium is [Ar]4s2 3d10 4p2.
What group and period is germanium in?
Germanium (Ge) is in group 14 and period 4 of the periodic table, classified as a metalloid.
What is the melting point of germanium?
Germanium melts at 1211.4 K (938 °C).
What is the standard state of germanium?
Germanium is a solid at standard temperature and pressure.
Related elements
Informazioni su questi dati: property values compiled from IUPAC Standard Atomic Weights (2021), the NIST Atomic Spectra Database, and PubChem. Curated by the Aladdin Scientific technical team. Last reviewed: .