Recombinant Human ECF Protein

Cat. No.: rp329417

GRADE & PURITY ≥95%(SDS-PAGE)

Accession #

P51671

Protein Tag

N-His

Expression system

E. coli

Endotoxin Concentration

<1.0 EU/μg

Specifications

Product Name

Recombinant Human ECF Protein

Specifiche e purezza

≥95%(SDS-PAGE)

Concentrazione di endotossina

<1.0 EU/μg

Aminoacidi

24-97 aa

Numero d'ordine

P51671

Peso molecolare previsto

14 kDa

SDS-PAGE

14 kDa

Tipo di molecola

Proteine

Product Line

Prodotti biologici

Stoccaggio e spedizione

Condizioni di conservazione di stoccaggio

Store at -20°C,Avoid repeated freezing and thawing

Spedito in

Ice chest + Ice pads

Stabilità e conservazione

Store at -20~-80℃ long term (12 months). Upon reconstitution, it is recommended to aliquot. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.

Application Protocols

Manufacturer-tested applications, recommended dilutions, and positive control suggestions are Not specified for this item.

General guidance (not validated for this specific product; optimize as needed):

• Reconstitution: Dissolve at 0.1–1.0 mg/mL in sterile PBS or HEPES buffer with 0.1% carrier protein; gently invert to mix; avoid vigorous vortexing.
• Working concentrations: Prepare serial dilutions fresh in assay buffer; keep on ice and use within the same day for cell-based assays.
• Aliquoting: Dispense small single-use aliquots immediately after reconstitution to comply with the Product Data instruction to avoid repeated freezing and thawing.

For item-specific, validated protocols, refer to the CoA/Spec Sheet or contact technical support with the SKU (rp329417).

Biological Roles

Item-specific biological role annotations for “Recombinant Human ECF Protein” are Not specified in the Product Data. The acronym ECF is used in the literature for several eosinophil chemotactic factors and related chemokines; the exact identity/sequence for this product should be confirmed via CoA/Spec Sheet.

General literature context (not item-specific):

• Eosinophil chemotactic activity in humans is mediated by chemokines including eotaxins (e.g., CCL11/eotaxin-1, CCL24, CCL26) and factors released by mast cells (historically termed ECF/ECF-A). These proteins regulate leukocyte trafficking, tissue homing, and inflammatory gradients.
• Such chemokines typically signal via G protein–coupled receptors on target leukocytes, triggering cytoskeletal rearrangements, integrin activation, and directed migration.
• Beyond chemotaxis, chemokines can modulate cell survival, degranulation, and crosstalk with other immune mediators in vitro.

Use note: The above reflects general biological principles for chemokines/chemotactic factors. Do not ascribe specific receptor usage, potency, or pathway engagement to this product without item-specific documentation.

Buffer Applications

This product is a recombinant protein; buffer selection and handling strongly influence stability and activity. Item-specific formulation is Not specified; follow these general, literature-based practices and validate in your assay:

• Reconstitution buffers: PBS (pH 7.2–7.5), 10–20 mM HEPES (pH 7.2–7.6), or 10–20 mM Tris (pH 7.5–8.0). Use sterile, endotoxin-controlled water.
• Stabilizers: Add 0.1% carrier protein (BSA/HSA or recombinant albumin) or 5–10% glycerol to reduce adsorption and freeze–thaw stress if compatible with downstream assays.
• Salt/ionic strength: 150–300 mM NaCl commonly reduces non-specific interactions; optimize for binding or migration assays.
• Detergents: 0.001–0.01% non-ionic detergents (Tween-20/Pluronic F-68) can limit surface sticking in plasticware.
• Storage aliquots: Prepare small, single-use aliquots to adhere to the Product Data instruction to avoid repeated freezing and thawing.

Example buffer table (general):

• PBS: 10 mM phosphate, 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, pH 7.4 — isotonic, broadly compatible.
• HEPES: 10 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4 — CO2-independent pH control for live-cell work.

Note: For sensitive cell-based chemotaxis assays, confirm that buffer components (e.g., glycerol, detergents) do not affect cell behavior.

Green Alternatives

Green chemistry considerations are less about solvent substitution and more about cold-chain, packaging, and experimental design for protein reagents.

Sustainability strategies (general guidance):

• Shipment/storage optimization: This item ships on ice with ice pads per Product Data. Consolidate orders to reduce shipping frequency and packaging waste.
• Form factor: Prefer lyophilized or concentrated formats to minimize cold-chain volume and dry ice usage (item-specific form is Not specified).
• Buffer selection: Use phosphate- or HEPES-based aqueous systems, avoiding unnecessary organic co-solvents. Choose biodegradable detergents at the lowest effective concentration.
• Waste minimization: Plan experiments to right-size aliquots, reducing freeze–thaw cycles and discard rates.
• Materials: Employ low-protein-binding, recyclable plastics where feasible; rinse and segregate for recycling per local rules.

Trade-offs:

• Glycerol addition improves freeze–thaw stability but increases carbon footprint and complicates cold-chain mass; balance against stability needs.
• Carrier proteins (BSA/HSA) enhance stability but introduce animal-derived components; consider recombinant albumin for animal-free workflows.

These are general recommendations; item-specific formulation and stability data are Not specified for this product.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No clinical or therapeutic claims are made for this product. It is designated For research use only.

General, non-clinical roles of recombinant proteins in pharma/biotech labs (not item-specific):

• Analytical standards and system suitability controls for ligand-binding assays (LBAs) or ELISAs targeting the same protein.
• Reference materials for method development, spike-recovery studies, and potency assay qualification.
• Process development reagents for evaluating formulation buffers, excipients, and container-closure interactions affecting protein stability.
• Reagents for in vitro mechanism-of-action studies and pathway mapping in discovery research.

Item-specific pharmacopeial status, excipient listing, or GMP grade is Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet if applicable.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physical parameters are not provided in the Product Data.

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Isoelectric point (pI): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Extinction coefficient (A280): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Solubility: Proteins are generally soluble in aqueous buffers; exact solubility for this item is Not specified; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Formulation/excipients: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General literature guidance for recombinant proteins (context, not item-specific):

• Typical reconstitution uses sterile, neutral pH buffers (e.g., PBS, 10–50 mM Tris or HEPES, pH 7.2–7.5) with 0.1% carrier protein (BSA/HSA) or 0.05–0.1% inert polymers (trehalose, mannitol) to enhance stability.
• Concentration determination commonly uses A280 with an item-specific extinction coefficient or colorimetric assays (BCA, Bradford); values must be sequence-specific and are Not specified here.
• Stability is impacted by temperature, pH, ionic strength, shear, and freeze–thaw; avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles as noted in Product Data.

Always consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for exact, item-specific physical properties.

Quality and Grades

• Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

How to interpret quality for recombinant proteins (general guidance):

• Purity metrics often include SDS-PAGE densitometry (% main band), HPLC/UPLC purity, residual host cell protein/DNA, endotoxin (EU/µg), bioburden, and residual reagents. Exact specifications for this item are Not specified.
• Activity/identity confirmation may rely on bioassays (e.g., chemotaxis), receptor-binding assays, mass spectrometry, and N-terminal sequencing. The presence of tags, PTMs, and correct disulfide pairing can influence activity.
• Endotoxin: For cell-based assays, low endotoxin is typically desirable. Item-specific endotoxin level is Not specified.
• Stabilizers/excipients: Sugars (trehalose), proteins (BSA/HSA), or salts may be included to enhance stability; presence/type for this item is Not specified.
• Lot-specific documentation: The Certificate of Analysis typically reports purity, identity, and activity testing. Use the CoA to qualify suitability for your assay (e.g., chemotaxis, signaling readouts).

Recommendation: For regulated workflows or quantitative bioassays, verify lot-specific CoA data against your internal acceptance criteria (purity threshold, endotoxin limit, potency window) before adoption.

Reaction and Applications

As a recombinant human protein, this product is intended for biochemical/biological assays rather than classical organic reactions.

Typical research applications for recombinant cytokines/chemokines (general, literature-based; specific validated uses for this item are Not specified):

• Cell migration/chemotaxis assays (e.g., Boyden chamber, transwell) to quantify directed cell movement.
• Signal transduction studies: Time-course phosphorylation profiling (e.g., MAPK/AKT) after ligand stimulation; downstream gene expression via qPCR/RNA-seq.
• Receptor-ligand interaction analyses using ELISA, SPR/BLI, or flow-based binding assays to determine affinity and kinetics.
• Calibration standards and positive controls for immunoassays targeting the same protein.
• Neutralization/competition assays to characterize antibodies or small-molecule inhibitors in vitro.

Practical tips (general):

• Reconstitute with sterile buffer containing carrier protein to minimize adsorption and activity loss. Prepare aliquots to avoid repeated freeze–thaw (aligned with Product Data).
• For chemotaxis, establish a concentration-response curve across orders of magnitude to capture EC50 and maximal response; include negative controls and gradient integrity checks.
• For signaling assays, pre-starve cells in low-serum medium to reduce basal activity; use short stimulation times to capture transient phosphorylation.

Note: Manufacturer-tested applications for this specific item are Not specified. Design and validate assays according to your system requirements.

Reaction Conditions

This recombinant protein is intended for biological assays rather than chemical synthesis. The following are general, literature-based conditions for common in vitro uses (not item-specific; validate empirically):

• Chemotaxis assays: Establish gradients using transwell inserts (3–8 µm pores). Typical ligand ranges span 10 pM–100 nM depending on receptor affinity; incubation 1–4 h at 37°C, 5% CO2. Include vehicle and gradient controls.
• Signaling stimulation: Serum-starve cells 2–16 h; stimulate with ligand for 2–30 min at 37°C; quench and analyze phospho-proteins by Western blot or phospho-ELISA.
• Binding kinetics (SPR/BLI): Immobilize ligand or receptor; run multi-cycle kinetics at 10–37°C in HEPES-buffered saline with surfactant; analyze with 1:1 or heterogeneous binding models.
• Stability studies: Store aliquots at -20°C per Product Data; for working stocks, keep on ice and minimize time at room temperature. Assess activity after stress (freeze–thaw, agitation) using your functional assay.

Expected yields, catalysts, or temperatures typical of small-molecule synthesis do not apply. Item-specific activity units, EC50, or KD for this product are Not specified; consult CoA/Spec Sheet if available.

Safety and Handling

• GHS/CLP classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Signal word, H-statements, pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.

General laboratory safety for recombinant proteins (good practice; defer to SDS):

• PPE: Lab coat, safety glasses, and appropriate gloves. Use a certified biological safety cabinet for operations that may generate aerosols.
• Handling: Avoid inhalation of powders/aerosols; prevent skin/eye contact. Work on clean surfaces; use sterile tools for reconstitution to prevent bioburden.
• Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers and proteases (endogenous or contaminating) can degrade proteins. Minimize exposure to extreme pH, high temperature, denaturants, and repeated freeze–thaw.
• First aid (general): If inhaled, move to fresh air; if on skin, wash with water; if in eyes, rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; if ingested, rinse mouth. Seek medical advice and show SDS.
• Waste: Dispose according to institutional and local regulations for non-hazardous biological/lab waste unless SDS indicates otherwise.
• Special risks: Proteins are not typically volatile but can aerosolize during lyophilizate handling. Use caution during weighing and reconstitution.

Authoritative safety information resides in the SDS; always consult the SDS and institutional EHS policies before use.

Solvent Selection

This product is a recombinant protein and is not used with organic solvent systems in the way small-molecule reagents are. Selection focuses on aqueous buffers for reconstitution, dilution, and storage.

General buffer considerations (literature, not item-specific):

• Buffer system: PBS, HEPES (pH 7.2–7.5), or Tris (pH 7.5–8.0) are commonly used. Avoid phosphate if subsequent assays are phosphate-sensitive.
• Ionic strength: 100–300 mM total salts often improve solubility and minimize non-specific adsorption; optimize empirically.
• Stabilizers: 0.1% carrier protein (BSA/HSA) or 5–10% glycerol can reduce surface adsorption and freeze–thaw damage. Non-ionic detergents (0.001–0.01% Tween-20) may reduce sticking in plastics; verify assay compatibility.
• Redox environment: Disulfide-containing proteins may require mild oxidizing conditions; include reducing agents only if compatible with structure/function.
• Filtration: Sterile, low-protein-binding filters (0.22 µm PVDF/PES) help maintain sterility without excessive loss.

Comparison (general):

• PBS vs HEPES: HEPES offers superior pH buffering near neutral in CO2-independent settings; PBS is simple and widely compatible.
• Tris vs HEPES: Tris has temperature-dependent pKa; HEPES is more stable across typical lab temperatures.

Item-specific formulation guidance is Not specified; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet and validate in your assay context.

Storage and Reconstitution

Item-specific storage and shipping:

• Storage Conditions: Store at -20°C. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing. (Provided in Product Data.)
• Shipped In: Ice chest + Ice pads. (Provided in Product Data.)

General reconstitution and handling guidance (not item-specific; validate for your application):

• Reconstitution buffer: Sterile PBS, HEPES, or Tris buffer at neutral pH (7.2–7.5). Consider adding 0.1% carrier protein (BSA/HSA) or 5–10% glycerol if compatible with your assay to enhance stability.
• Technique: Allow vial to equilibrate to room temperature before opening to minimize condensation. Add buffer slowly to the vial wall, gently swirl; avoid foaming.
• Concentration: Prepare a concentrated stock (e.g., 0.1–1 mg/mL) to reduce freeze–thaw cycles. Filter sterilize if required using low-protein-binding 0.22 µm filters.
• Aliquoting: Divide into single-use aliquots immediately after reconstitution; store aliquots at -20°C or -80°C according to your stability studies.
• Thawing: Thaw on ice; mix gently to homogenize. Do not refreeze partially thawed aliquots.
• Short-term storage: Keep working solutions on ice and use within the same day. Avoid prolonged exposure to room temperature and light.

Any item-specific excipients, pH, and recommended reconstitution volumes are Not specified for this item; refer to the CoA/Spec Sheet.

Structure and Identity

Recombinant Human ECF Protein is supplied as a research-grade protein. Item-specific primary structure information (exact sequence, length, tags, and expression host) is not provided in the Product Data.

• Item-specific identifiers
  • Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • SMILES/InChI/InChIKey: Not applicable for proteins; Not specified for this item.
  • CAS/CID: Not specified for this item.
• Structural features (general protein context, literature)
  • Proteins are linear polymers of L-amino acids linked by peptide bonds with defined sequence and higher-order structure (secondary/tertiary; quaternary if oligomeric).
  • Recombinant preparations may include affinity tags (e.g., His6, Fc) or signal peptides; presence/absence is Not specified for this item.
  • Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as glycosylation, disulfides, or N-terminal methionine retention depend on expression system; Not specified for this item.
• 2D description in words (general)
  • A polypeptide chain composed of amino acid residues with side-chain functionalities (basic, acidic, polar, hydrophobic) that collectively determine folding and activity. If glycosylated, carbohydrate moieties may be attached to Asn (N-linked) or Ser/Thr (O-linked) residues (not specified here).

Note: “ECF” is an acronym used in the literature for several eosinophil chemotactic factors/chemokines; the specific isoform and sequence for this product are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Synthetic Utility

Classical small-molecule synthetic utility does not apply to recombinant proteins. However, proteins can be chemically modified or used as biological tools in chemical biology workflows (general guidance; not item-specific):

• Conjugation chemistry: Primary amines (Lys N-ε) and N-termini can be modified via NHS esters; cysteine thiols enable maleimide or haloacetyl conjugation; carbohydrate moieties (if glycosylated) allow oxime ligation after periodate oxidation.
• Labeling: Site-specific tags (e.g., AviTag for biotinylation) or enzymatic handles (sortase, transglutaminase) facilitate controlled attachment to fluorophores, affinity tags, or solid supports. Presence of such tags in this item is Not specified.
• Immobilization: Coupling to activated matrices (NHS-agarose, CNBr-Sepharose) for affinity capture or receptor studies.
• Crosslinking: Homo/heterobifunctional crosslinkers (e.g., DSS, SMCC) stabilize complexes for structural or interaction mapping.

Note: Reaction conditions must preserve protein fold and activity (neutral pH, controlled temperature, minimal denaturants). Item-specific reactivity depends on sequence and PTMs, which are Not specified; verify experimentally.

Target Specificity

Target specificity details (e.g., receptor binding, isoform, epitope) are Not specified for this item. For recombinant proteins, specificity typically refers to the cognate receptor(s) and bioactivity profile, which must be confirmed experimentally.

Please consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for item-specific information such as:

• Exact identity/sequence and isoform.
• Known receptor(s) and species cross-reactivity (if established).
• Verified bioassays used to qualify the lot.

Domande frequenti

What is the purity of this product, and how is it determined?

This product is supplied at ≥95% purity, determined by SDS-PAGE. Lot-specific values are stated on the Certificate of Analysis.

How should this product be stored?

Store at ?20 °C. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles. Aliquot into single-use volumes before freezing.

How is this product shipped?

This product ships in an insulated container with ice pads. Unpack on arrival and transfer it to the storage condition stated above.

What documentation is provided?

Available product documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (COA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and specification sheets, is shown in the product document area. Document availability and access follow the current site policy.