Sodium hexametaphoshpate(SHMP) - AR , CAS No.10124-56-8

CAS: 10124-56-8 Cat. No.: S108858 Formula: Na₆O₁₈P₆ Peso molecolare: 611.77 Numero EC: 688-275-9

GRADE & PURITY AR

Synonyms

Sodium metaphosphate

Storage

Room temperature

Shipped In

Normal

Panoramica

Sodium Hexametaphosphate (SHMP) can be used as:
A reagent for the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids in the presence of H2O2 as an oxidant.
A polymeric stabilizing and protecting agent in the synthesis of SHMP-stabilized gold nanoparticles (Au–SHMP) applicable in the development of biocompatible molecular probes.
A capping agent in the synthesis of sterically stabilized luminescent nanoparticles of manganese doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Mn2+).
A stabilizing agent in the synthesis of barium sulfate nanoparticles by precipitation method.

Specifications

Sinonimi

Sodium metaphosphate

Specifiche e purezza

AR

Condizioni di conservazione di stoccaggio

Room temperature

Spedito in

Normal

Grado

AR

Nomi e identificatori

Pubchem Sid

504773811

Pubchem Sid Url

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/504773811

Peso molecolare

611.77

Proprietà chimiche e fisiche

• Solubilità: Soluble in water. Insoluble in organic solvents
• Sensibilità: Moisture sensitive.
• Punto di ebollizione (°C): 1500°C
• Punto di fusione (°C): 616°C

Application Protocols

No assay-specific, item-validated protocols are provided for this product. For general laboratory use, consider the following literature-style starting points:

• Water softening/sequestration
  • Dissolve SHMP to 0.1% w/v in deionized water; add to sample water while stirring; measure residual hardness (e.g., EDTA titration) and adjust dose to achieve desired Ca2+/Mg2+ levels.
• Dispersant for mineral slurries
  • Prepare 0.2% w/v SHMP solution; add incrementally (0.05–0.3% w/w vs. solids) to the slurry under high-shear mixing; monitor viscosity and particle size; avoid over-dosing which can cause restabilization issues.
• Prevention of calcium phosphate precipitation in buffer screens
  • Add 1–5 mM SHMP equivalent to phosphate-containing buffers when trace Ca2+ is problematic; verify no interference with downstream assays.

These are general literature suggestions for research use only, not product-validated methods. Adjust conditions empirically for your system.

Biological Roles

Context: Sodium hexametaphosphate itself is a laboratory reagent. The following relates to inorganic polyphosphate chemistry in biological systems (literature/general) and is not a claim of biological activity for this product.

• Polyphosphate in biology
  • Linear inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is ubiquitous in cells (bacteria to mammals) as a phosphate and energy reservoir, metal chelator, and regulator of stress responses.
  • PolyP participates in cation homeostasis (e.g., binding Ca2+, Mg2+), protein folding chaperone-like activity, and modulates some enzyme activities.
• Relevance to SHMP solutions in vitro
  • Exogenous polyphosphate (including SHMP-like chains) can chelate divalent cations in buffers, altering enzyme activities that depend on Ca2+/Mg2+.
  • In model systems, polyphosphates can influence mineralization processes (e.g., inhibition of calcium phosphate precipitation) by sequestering Ca2+ and adsorbing to crystal faces.

Research use only note: This item is intended strictly for laboratory research. Any discussion of biological roles is for background context and does not imply suitability for clinical or diagnostic use.

Buffer Applications

SHMP is not a conventional acid–base buffer. However, it is frequently used as an additive in aqueous systems to control divalent cations and dispersion.

• Practical uses in solutions (literature)
  • As a sequestrant: Added at 0.01–0.5% w/v to reduce Ca2+/Mg2+ activity in working solutions, improving solubility of anionic polymers or preventing scale formation.
  • As a dispersant: At 0.05–0.3% w/v to deflocculate clays, mineral suspensions, or proteinaceous systems sensitive to Ca2+.
• Compatibility notes (literature)
  • Avoid strong acid; sustained low pH promotes hydrolysis to orthophosphate, diminishing effectiveness.
  • In phosphate-sensitive assays, SHMP may interfere due to phosphate presence and cation chelation.

For conventional buffering (defined pH control), use bona fide buffer systems (e.g., phosphate, Tris, HEPES). SHMP’s role is chelation/dispersion rather than pH buffering.

Green Alternatives

Environmental considerations focus on phosphorus loading (eutrophication potential) versus persistence of alternative chelants.

• Sustainability trade-offs (literature)
  • SHMP: Inorganic, effective at low dosages; contributes phosphate to effluents—may require treatment to mitigate eutrophication.
  • Citrate/gluconate: Bio-based, biodegradable; weaker complexation, may require higher dosages.
  • EDDS (S,S-ethylenediamine-N,N′-disuccinate): Readily biodegradable chelant with strength similar to EDTA at certain pH; higher cost.
  • EDTA: Strong, versatile; persistent and can mobilize heavy metals in the environment.

Comparison snapshot (literature)

• Performance: SHMP > citrate/gluconate for Ca2+/Mg2+ binding per mole; EDTA/EDDS often stronger per mole than SHMP.
• Environmental persistence: SHMP (moderate; removed in P treatment) < EDTA (high) ≈ DTPA; EDDS/citrate/gluconate (low).
• Regulatory: Phosphorus discharge may be regulated; alternatives may ease compliance but at performance/cost trade-offs.

Selection guidance (literature)

• For closed-loop or treated wastewater systems, SHMP remains attractive.
• Where phosphorus limits are stringent, consider citrate, gluconate, or EDDS and verify efficacy by jar testing and metal ion demand calculations.

Pharmaceutical Uses

General information (literature): Sodium hexametaphosphate can serve as a processing aid/excipient (sequestrant, dispersant) in certain non-sterile dosage forms or oral care formulations, where control of divalent cations and dispersion is desired. It is also encountered in food and cosmetic technologies as a sequestrant and stabilizer.

• Important qualifiers for this item

  • This product is AR grade for laboratory research use only (per Product Data: Research Use Note). It is not designated as pharmaceutical/compendial grade here.
  • Any use in GMP, clinical, or manufacturing contexts requires verification of compendial compliance (e.g., pharmacopeial monograph) and supplier qualification. Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Formulation roles (literature)

  • Sequestrant to reduce Ca2+/Mg2+ that can destabilize actives or excipients.
  • Processing aid to improve dispersion/wetting of solids in aqueous vehicles.

No therapeutic or clinical claims are made for this product.

Physical Properties

Note: The following are literature/general values for sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) and are provided for reference only. They are not item-specific specifications.

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Phase: Inorganic solid (typically glassy granules or powder) (literature)
• Melting/softening: Softening/decomposition reported around 550–630 °C with hydrolysis to orthophosphates (literature)
• Density: ~2.4–2.6 g/cm³ (literature)
• Solubility (water): Freely soluble; typical values reported ~200–300 g/L at 25 °C; solubility increases with temperature (literature)
• Solubility (organic solvents): Essentially insoluble in most common organic solvents (alcohols, ethers, hydrocarbons) (literature)
• pH (1% aq): Slightly acidic to near-neutral, commonly reported ~5.8–7.2 depending on grade and CO2 uptake (literature)
• Hygroscopicity: Hygroscopic; aqueous solutions can undergo gradual hydrolysis (literature)
• Refractive index/logP/pKa: Not typically defined for inorganic salts; not applicable (literature)

For authoritative, item-specific properties (e.g., exact assay, moisture), consult the product’s CoA/Spec Sheet.

Quality and Grades

• Item-specific facts (from Product Data)

  • Grade/Purity: AR (Analytical Reagent)
  • Stabilizers/additives: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• What AR grade implies (general)

  • AR denotes high-purity material intended for analytical and general laboratory use, with impurity profiles controlled to meet analytical reagent specifications. For inorganic salts, this typically includes limits for common metallic impurities and low insoluble matter to support titrations, sample preparation, and trace analysis workflows.
  • UV absorbance characteristics, water content, and trace metal limits are defined by internal or recognized standards for AR materials; exact values are product-specific. For this item, exact impurity limits are Not specified; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Practical implications for SHMP

  • AR-grade SHMP is suitable where low trace metal background is important (e.g., sample digestion blanks, sequestration studies, nanoparticle dispersion where extraneous ions can bias results).
  • Because SHMP can chelate Ca2+/Mg2+, AR quality helps minimize unintended background from adventitious calcium/magnesium and ensures consistent complexation behavior.

• Documentation

  • For compliance and method validation, retain the batch CoA specifying assay, moisture, insolubles, and trace metal limits for your lot.

Reaction and Applications

This material is most often used as a functional additive rather than a stoichiometric reagent.

• Aqueous complexation and sequestration (literature)
  • Binds Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+ to prevent precipitation/carbonate or sulfate scale; useful in preparing metal-ion-controlled systems (e.g., minimizing Ca2+-induced aggregation of anionic colloids or biomacromolecules in research solutions).
• Dispersant/deflocculant (literature)
  • Acts as an electrostatic stabilizer for mineral slurries, clays, and ceramic oxide suspensions; reduces viscosity at low dosages by surface charge modification.
• Sample preparation (literature)
  • Employed to soften water for analytical blanks and diluents; can aid extraction of adsorbed metals from soils/sediments by dispersing fine particles (paired with shaking/sonication).
• Materials chemistry (literature)
  • Template/structure-directing roles in precipitation of calcium phosphates; controls nucleation/growth by cation complexation.
• Bioprocess/food analysis contexts (research use only) (literature)
  • Stabilizes casein micelles and prevents cation-mediated aggregation in model systems; used as a sequestrant during protein or polysaccharide purification where divalent cations interfere.

Practical tips (literature)

• Prepare with deionized water to avoid consuming capacity on adventitious hardness.
• Avoid strong acid; prolonged heating or low pH accelerates hydrolysis to orthophosphate, diminishing chelation.
• Monitor pH; SHMP solutions are slightly acidic to neutral and can drift with CO2 absorption.

Reaction Conditions

Typical usage parameters for SHMP as an additive (literature/general guidance):

• Concentration ranges
  • Sequestration/softening: ~0.01–0.5% w/v in aqueous media; optimize based on total hardness (mg/L as CaCO3) and target free Ca2+/Mg2+.
  • Dispersant/deflocculant: ~0.05–0.3% w/v for mineral or ceramic slurries; higher solids may need incremental dosing.
• pH and stability
  • Functional window: Approximately pH 5–9. Below pH ~5, hydrolysis accelerates, reducing chain length and complexation capacity; above pH ~9, performance can shift due to competing equilibria and increased ionic strength.
• Temperature
  • Use at ambient to moderately elevated temperatures (20–60 °C) is common; prolonged heating hastens hydrolysis. Avoid boiling acidic solutions.
• Contact time
  • Complexation and dispersion typically occur within minutes under stirring; allow 10–30 minutes for equilibrium in hard water systems.
• Compatibility
  • Avoid formulations rich in Al3+ or Fe3+ if precipitation is undesirable; SHMP can form insoluble complexes. For systems requiring strong, selective chelation over broader pH, consider EDTA/EDDS.

These parameters are general literature guidance. Optimize per system by titrating SHMP dosage against measured hardness and monitoring turbidity/particle size.

Safety and Handling

• Product Data safety fields
  • GHS Classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
  • Signal Word: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
  • H-Statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
  • Pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• General laboratory safety guidance (literature/general)
  • Hazards: Typically low acute toxicity; may cause irritation to eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Dust may cause mechanical irritation. Avoid inhalation of dust and contact with eyes/skin.
  • PPE: Wear safety glasses with side shields, lab coat, appropriate gloves (e.g., nitrile). Use dust control (fume hood or local exhaust) when handling powders.
  • Incompatibilities: Strong acids (accelerate hydrolysis to orthophosphate and can release heat), strong bases at high temperature (further condensation reactions), magnesium/calcium-rich solutions (complexation/precipitation phenomena), and aluminum salts (can form insoluble complexes). Avoid moisture exposure to prevent caking and hydrolysis.
  • First aid (overview): If inhaled—move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist. Skin/eye contact—rinse with water for several minutes; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical attention for persistent irritation. If ingested—rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek medical advice.
  • Fire: Non-flammable inorganic salt; use extinguishing media appropriate to surrounding fire. Thermal decomposition can yield sodium orthophosphate and metaphosphate residues.

Always consult the product’s SDS for authoritative hazard classifications and response procedures.

Solvent Selection

Sodium hexametaphosphate is an inorganic, highly water-soluble polyanion; solvent considerations are primarily about aqueous systems.

• Polarity/miscibility (literature)
  • Readily soluble in water; insoluble in most organic solvents (alcohols, ketones, ethers, hydrocarbons).
  • Effective in deionized or softened water; complexation of Ca2+/Mg2+ enhances apparent solubility and controls hardness.
• Dielectric/ionic strength factors (literature)
  • Operates in high-dielectric solvents (water); performance depends on ionic strength and pH. At lower pH, hydrolysis accelerates, reducing chain length and sequestration capacity.
• When to choose SHMP vs alternatives (literature)
  • Choose SHMP when strong, multidentate complexation of alkaline earth metals is needed in aqueous media, and when phosphate buffering or compatibility with phosphate systems is acceptable.
  • Consider citrate, gluconate, or EDTA salts when phosphate load must be minimized or complexation selectivity differs.

Comparison (literature)

• SHMP: High sequestration of Ca2+/Mg2+, functions over pH ~5–9; phosphate-containing; hydrolyzes over time.
• EDTA·Na: Very strong chelator, wider pH utility; not a nutrient; persistent in the environment.
• Sodium citrate: Moderate chelation; good buffering near pH 3–6; lower environmental phosphorus impact but weaker binding.

Storage and Reconstitution

• Item-specific conditions (from Product Data)

  • Storage: Room temperature
  • Shipped: Normal

• General handling guidance (literature)

  • Hygroscopic: Store tightly sealed in a clean, dry container. Use desiccant if ambient humidity is high. Minimize headspace and reseal promptly to prevent caking and hydrolysis.
  • Light sensitivity: Not particularly light-sensitive; store away from reactive chemicals.

• Reconstitution/preparation (literature)

  • To prepare aqueous solutions: Use deionized or distilled water to avoid consuming capacity on Ca2+/Mg2+. Add powder gradually under stirring. Typical lab stocks: 0.1–10% w/v depending on use. Filter if particulate matter is a concern.
  • pH considerations: Solutions are slightly acidic to near-neutral; adjust only if necessary. Avoid strong acid; low pH accelerates hydrolysis to orthophosphate.
  • Storage of solutions: For best performance, prepare fresh as needed. If storage is required, keep at room temperature or refrigerated in clean, inert containers; monitor for pH drift and performance loss over time due to hydrolysis.

For exact shelf-life, allowable moisture, and impurity limits, Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. This product is for research use only.

Structure and Identity

Brief overview: Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is a condensed inorganic polyphosphate salt commonly represented as the cyclic hexamer of sodium metaphosphate, but commercial material is typically a mixture of linear and cyclic polyphosphates.

• Item-specific identifiers (from Product Data)
  • SKU: S108858
  • CAS: 10124-56-8
  • Product name: Sodium hexametaphoshpate (SHMP)
  • Grade: AR (Analytical Reagent)
  • InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Literature/general identity (for context; not item specifications)
  • Common formula representation: Na6P6O18 (often written as (NaPO3)6 for the hexamer)
  • Molecular formula nuance: Commercial “SHMP” is a polyphosphate glass with an average degree of polymerization; the hexamer formula is a conventional representation.
  • Approximate molecular weight: ~611.77 g/mol for Na6P6O18 (literature; commercial materials may have an average MW distribution)
  • Structural features: anhydrous condensed phosphate anions linked by P–O–P anhydride bonds; sodium counter-ions; mixture of cyclic and linear chains possible.
  • 2D structure (description): repeating metaphosphate units (–PO2–O–) forming a ring (hexamer) or short chain; terminal and bridging oxygens coordinate Na+; no stereocenters; fully inorganic.

Synthetic Utility

Although not a classical “reagent” in organic synthesis, SHMP is a valuable auxiliary in aqueous and materials workflows (literature/general):

• Coordination/complexation control
  • Titrimetric or precipitation reactions sensitive to Ca2+/Mg2+ can be moderated by SHMP to suppress side precipitates (e.g., carbonate/sulfate scaling) and to maintain homogeneous conditions.
• Colloid and particle synthesis
  • Used as a deflocculant and electrostatic stabilizer in forming ceramic oxides, clays, and inorganic nanoparticles; improves size control by preventing cation-bridging aggregation.
• Mineralization chemistry
  • Modulates nucleation/growth of calcium phosphate and related salts; useful in preparing amorphous calcium phosphate phases by transient Ca2+ sequestration.
• Sample workup and separations
  • Enhances dispersion of fine particulates, facilitating filtration/centrifugation and improving extraction reproducibility from soils/sediments.
• Hydrolytic reactivity
  • Polyphosphate chains cleave (hydrolyze) under acidic conditions and heat, yielding shorter chains and ultimately orthophosphate; this property can be leveraged to tune sequestration strength over time/temperature.

In retrosynthetic planning, SHMP is not a building block but an enabling additive that shapes the reaction medium’s ionic environment and colloidal behavior.

Target Specificity

Not applicable to this product type. Sodium hexametaphosphate is an inorganic salt, not a biological targeting reagent or antibody. No antigen/epitope specificity data are relevant.