This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dipeptides. These are organic compounds containing a sequence of exactly two alpha-amino acids joined by a peptide bond.
External Descriptors
Not available
1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.
Certificati (CoA, COO, BSE/TSE e tabella di analisi)
C of A & Other Certificates(BSE/TSE, COO):
Analytical Chart:
Proprietà chimiche e fisiche
Peso molecolare
583.600 g/mol
XLogP3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
5
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
13
Rotatable Bond Count
7
Exact Mass
583.093 Da
Monoisotopic Mass
583.093 Da
Topological Polar Surface Area
265.000 Ų
Heavy Atom Count
39
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
963.000
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
6
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
1
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
The total count of all stereochemical bonds
1
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
2
Calcolatori di soluzioni
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Recensioni
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Application Protocols
Tested applications, recommended dilutions/concentrations, and positive controls are not specified for this catalog item. Refer to your laboratory’s validated protocols or peer‑reviewed literature for system‑specific conditions (e.g., media supplementation for bacterial selection or plant tissue culture).
Biological Roles
Literature overview of mechanisms and roles relevant to research (no clinical claims):
Ticarcillin (carboxypenicillin):
Targets bacterial cell wall biosynthesis by acylating penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), particularly transpeptidases involved in peptidoglycan crosslinking. This disrupts cell wall integrity, leading to growth inhibition or lysis in susceptible bacteria.
Susceptible to hydrolysis by many β‑lactamases.
Clavulanic acid (β‑lactamase inhibitor):
Functions as a mechanism-based (suicide) inhibitor of many class A serine β‑lactamases. It undergoes enzymatic opening and rearrangement to form covalent, inactive adducts with the catalytic serine, restoring activity of partnered β‑lactams.
Limited direct antibacterial activity at typical research concentrations; role is potentiation of β‑lactams.
Synergy in combination:
Clavulanate decreases the effective β‑lactamase-mediated degradation of ticarcillin, increasing its apparent potency against β‑lactamase-producing strains (organism- and enzyme-dependent).
Resistance mechanisms that may reduce efficacy include altered PBPs, efflux pumps, reduced porin-mediated uptake, and β‑lactamases poorly inhibited by clavulanate (e.g., many class B/D, some class C).
Research applications of these roles:
Tools for dissecting β‑lactamase kinetics, fitness costs of resistance, and PBP engagement profiles.
Useful controls in evaluating novel β‑lactamase inhibitors or PBP-targeting agents.
Buffer Applications
This product is not a buffer or buffering agent. It is typically added to pre‑made buffers or culture media for antimicrobial selection or mechanistic studies. For practical use, select neutral buffers (e.g., phosphate, MOPS, HEPES; literature) that maintain pH ~6–7 to support β‑lactam stability. Detailed buffer recipes are system‑specific and not provided for this item.
Green Alternatives
Context: “Green” considerations here relate to laboratory media supplements and the broader environmental footprint of antibiotic use in research.
Substitution within β‑lactams (literature):
Where β‑lactamase activity is not a concern, ampicillin alone may suffice—reducing total antibiotic load.
Carbenicillin is often used as an alternative to ticarcillin in plant work; selection of the more potent agent for a given system can lower required dose.
Non‑β‑lactam alternatives (literature):
For plasmid selection or contamination control in specific systems, non‑β‑lactam antibiotics (e.g., kanamycin, spectinomycin) avoid β‑lactam allergy risks for staff and may be more stable in media; however, they require compatible resistance markers and have different spectra.
Operational “green” practices:
Use the minimum effective concentration and shortest exposure time compatible with experimental goals.
Prepare small, single‑use aliquots to minimize waste from expired solutions.
Collect antibiotic‑containing waste and decontaminate according to institutional guidance (e.g., chemical degradation or high‑temperature treatment) before disposal.
Tradeoffs (literature):
Ticarcillin–clavulanate offers broadened activity where β‑lactamases are present but is less stable in alkaline, warm, or illuminated conditions compared to some aminoglycosides. Alternative agents may lessen frequency of solution replacement but may not target the same pathways or organisms.
Pharmaceutical Uses
No clinical or therapeutic claims are made. For research and manufacturing development contexts (literature/general):
Role: Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) combination used in research settings as a reference standard or process development surrogate when studying β‑lactam/β‑lactamase inhibitor combinations.
Formulation research:
Investigations of stability as a function of pH, counterion, and excipients; development of analytical methods (HPLC, LC–MS) for potency and degradation profiling.
Evaluation of sterile filtration, lyophilization parameters, and moisture/light protection strategies.
Compendial context:
Individual components (e.g., ticarcillin disodium, potassium clavulanate) have pharmacopeial monographs in certain jurisdictions (literature). This listing does not imply compliance of this catalog item with any pharmacopeia; consult the CoA.
Manufacturing QC research:
System suitability and assay calibration for microbiological and chromatographic methods assessing β‑lactam/β‑lactamase inhibitor products.
Note: This catalog item is designated For research use only.
Physical Properties
Item-specific physical constants are not provided in the Product Data and should be taken from the CoA/Spec Sheet for this catalog item.
Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular Formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular Weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Literature/general notes (combination):
Physical state: typically supplied as a dry powder blend of ticarcillin salt and clavulanate salt (literature); hygroscopicity can vary by formulation.
Solubility (literature): highly water‑soluble when provided as alkali salts; limited solubility in nonpolar organic solvents; DMSO can dissolve many β‑lactams but is not generally preferred for microbiological supplementation.
Stability (literature): β‑lactam rings hydrolyze in aqueous solution, especially at elevated temperature and at extremes of pH; clavulanate is particularly base‑labile. Light and moisture accelerate degradation.
pH sensitivity (literature): optimal stability for both components near neutral/slightly acidic pH (~6–7); degradation increases in alkaline media.
Melting point, boiling point, density, refractive index, logP, pKa: Not specified for this item; consult primary literature or pharmacopeial monographs for component-specific values. These are not item specifications.
Quality and Grades
Item-specific grade/purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Guidance on grades and implications (general):
Research grade mixtures of ticarcillin with clavulanate are formulated for laboratory use (e.g., media supplementation, enzymology). They are not certified for clinical use.
Analytical or HPLC grades (when specified) indicate tighter control of organic/UV impurities and particulates—beneficial for quantitative assays (e.g., β‑lactamase kinetics) and QC reference work.
Stabilizers/buffers: Some commercial blends incorporate stabilizing salts or specific counterions (e.g., disodium ticarcillin with potassium clavulanate) to enhance solubility and stability. The presence and level of any stabilizers in this item are not specified; check the CoA.
Ratio of components: Laboratory products are often supplied at fixed mass ratios (e.g., 15:1 ticarcillin:clavulanate in certain “Timentin”-type blends, literature). The exact ratio for this item is not specified; verify on the label/CoA before quantitative use.
QC considerations for sensitive applications:
Verify potency or activity by microbiological assay when critical.
Confirm absence of insoluble particulates for sterile filtration workflows.
For chromatography or spectrophotometric assays, obtain UV absorbance background from a blank to account for any excipients.
Documentation: For regulatory or archival needs, preserve batch CoA/SDS and any in‑house verification data.
Reaction and Applications
While not a synthetic reagent, this combination is widely used in research workflows. The following are laboratory applications and practical tips (literature/general guidance):
Microbiological selection and contamination control:
Supplementation of bacterial culture media to inhibit cell wall synthesis in susceptible organisms. The clavulanate component inhibits many class A β‑lactamases, extending activity of ticarcillin against β‑lactamase producers.
Typical working concentrations reported in the literature vary by organism and context; many labs employ total antibiotic at tens to hundreds of mg/L. Optimize empirically for the target strain and matrix.
Plant tissue culture:
Frequently used post‑transformation to suppress Agrobacterium while allowing plant tissue recovery. Concentration windows are plant‑species dependent; evaluate phytotoxicity.
Enzymology and mechanistic studies:
Probe pair for β‑lactamase inhibition kinetics (time‑dependent, mechanism-based inhibition by clavulanate) and PBP-binding inhibition by ticarcillin. Useful for benchmarking β‑lactamase variants and efflux/permeability studies.
Analytical/QA contexts:
Reference mixture for validating microbiological potency assays or LC methods designed to separate β‑lactam antibiotics and inhibitors. Employ light- and temperature-controlled autosamplers to limit on-instrument degradation.
Practical tips:
Prepare fresh aqueous solutions shortly before use; avoid autoclaving with drug present.
Protect from light; keep solutions chilled when possible and minimize time at elevated temperature or high pH.
Reaction Conditions
Not a reagent for traditional organic reactions. The following literature guidance pertains to its use in biological assays and media preparation:
Aqueous media: use sterile water or neutral buffers (phosphate, MOPS, HEPES) at pH ~6–7 to balance solubility and stability.
Temperature: prepare and store working solutions cold when possible; conduct biological assays at the temperature required by the system (often 25–37°C). Elevated temperatures accelerate β‑lactam hydrolysis.
Light: protect solutions from light (amber vessels or foil wrap) to limit degradation.
Sterilization: do not autoclave the antibiotic in media; instead, sterilize by 0.22 μm filtration and add aseptically to cooled, autoclaved media.
Concentration ranges: literature reports a wide range depending on organism and application; determine minimal effective concentrations empirically for your system. Avoid unnecessary excess to reduce degradation and off‑target effects.
Compatibility: avoid strong acids/bases, reducing/oxidizing agents, and prolonged exposure to metal ions that may catalyze degradation.
These conditions are general literature guidance and do not constitute product specifications.
Safety and Handling
Authoritative safety information is provided in the SDS. The following are general considerations for β‑lactam antibiotic/inhibitor mixtures.
GHS classification, pictograms, signal word, H‑statements: Not specified for this item; refer to the SDS.
Primary hazards (general):
Potential respiratory and dermal sensitizer (β‑lactams are known allergens). Avoid generating or inhaling dust/aerosols.
May cause skin and eye irritation. Use appropriate PPE: lab coat, nitrile gloves, safety goggles.
Not for human or veterinary use. For research use only.
Handling tips:
Work in a fume hood or biosafety cabinet when weighing and preparing sterile solutions.
Minimize moisture exposure; reseal promptly. Prepare fresh solutions immediately before use when possible.
Filter-sterilize aqueous solutions through 0.22 μm membranes for microbiological use.
Incompatibilities (general): strong acids/bases (promote β‑lactam hydrolysis), strong oxidizers, and prolonged exposure to moisture/heat/light.
First aid (general overview; defer to SDS):
Inhalation: move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms occur.
Skin/eye contact: rinse with water for at least 15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical advice if irritation persists.
Ingestion: rinse mouth; seek medical attention. Provide SDS to responders.
Spill/leak: avoid dust; collect mechanically; dispose according to institutional and local regulations.
Solvent Selection
Applicability: This is a solid combination product used primarily in aqueous systems; solvent selection focuses on dissolution for media supplementation and biochemical assays.
Polarity/miscibility (literature):
As alkali salts, both components are readily soluble in water and aqueous buffers. They exhibit negligible solubility in nonpolar solvents.
DMSO can dissolve many β‑lactams but may not be ideal for microbiology due to DMSO’s biological effects; if used, keep final DMSO ≤0.1–0.5% v/v in assays.
Buffer compatibility (literature):
Best stability near pH 6.0–7.0 (e.g., sodium phosphate, MOPS). Avoid prolonged exposure to pH >7.5 where hydrolysis accelerates, particularly for clavulanate.
Avoid strong acids/bases during dissolution.
Practical selection guidance:
For culture media: dissolve directly in sterile water or add to cooled, autoclaved media; filter-sterilize. Avoid autoclaving with the antibiotic present.
For enzyme assays: use freshly prepared neutral phosphate or HEPES buffers; keep solutions cold and protected from light when feasible.
Short comparison (literature, typical lab use):
Ticarcillin–clavulanate vs ampicillin: superior performance in presence of β‑lactamase-expressing strains; slightly less stable in warm alkaline media.
Ticarcillin–clavulanate vs carbenicillin: similar application in selection; clavulanate component helps overcome many class A β‑lactamases.
Storage and Reconstitution
Item-specific storage (from Product Data): Store at room temperature.
Shipped in: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Container handling: keep tightly closed in a dry, light‑protected container. Minimize headspace humidity and repeated vial opening.
Reconstitution:
Solvent: sterile water or neutral buffer (pH ~6–7). Mix gently to dissolve; avoid strong acid/base.
Sterilize by 0.22 μm filtration for microbiological use. Do not autoclave solutions containing the product.
Working solutions: prepare fresh immediately before use when practical. If stocks are prepared, filter-sterilize, aliquot, and freeze to limit degradation.
Solution stability (literature): β‑lactams degrade in aqueous solution with time, accelerated by heat, light, and alkaline pH. Clavulanate is especially base‑labile. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles; use single‑use aliquots.
Disposal: collect antibiotic‑containing waste and inactivate/dispose according to institutional and local regulations.
Always consult the item’s label and CoA/SDS for definitive handling and storage instructions for your specific lot.
Structure and Identity
Brief description: This product is a fixed-combination of the β-lactam antibiotic ticarcillin with the β‑lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid (often supplied as their salt forms in research products). It is widely used as an antimicrobial supplement in laboratory media and as a tool compound pair for β‑lactamase/PBP studies.
Item-specific identifiers (from Product Data):
SKU: T929372
Product Name: Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid
CAS: 86482-18-0 (combination)
CID: 6437075 (combination entry)
InChIKey: 429152 (as provided)
Molecular Formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular Weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Structural features (literature):
Ticarcillin: a carboxypenicillin bearing the bicyclic penam core with an endocyclic β‑lactam (azetidin-2-one) fused to a thiazolidine ring, and a carboxylated side chain; typically used as disodium salt for aqueous solubility.
Clavulanic acid: a clavam bicyclic β‑lactam lacking the thiazolidine sulfur; acts as a mechanism-based β‑lactamase inhibitor; commonly supplied as potassium clavulanate for stability/solubility.
Combination: no covalent linkage between the two components; the activity arises from concurrent presence of both molecules in solution.
2D structure description (literature):
Each component contains a strained four‑membered β‑lactam amide ring. Ticarcillin includes additional carboxylate(s) and an amide side chain; clavulanate features an enol ether-like unsaturation and an oxazabicyclic framework.
Synthetic Utility
This combination is not typically used as a synthetic building block. However, in chemical biology and analytical method development (literature/general):
Probe functions:
Ticarcillin serves as a representative carboxypenicillin for PBP-binding studies and as a substrate in β‑lactamase turnover assays.
Clavulanate is a prototypical mechanism-based inhibitor used to benchmark inhibition kinetics across β‑lactamase classes that are susceptible to serine-targeted inactivation.
Derivatization (specialized):
β‑Lactam ring–containing compounds have been derivatized to fluorescent or affinity probes to study PBPs/β‑lactamases; clavulanate analogs have been modified to map active-site chemistry. Such transformations are specialized and outside routine synthetic workflows.
Retrosynthetic value:
Limited, as both components are complex, highly functionalized bicyclic systems synthesized via dedicated routes. They are far more valuable as bioactive standards than as precursors.
Conclusion: Consider this product a ready-to-use biological tool mixture rather than a reagent for stepwise organic synthesis.
Target Specificity
Not applicable to this product category. This item is not an antibody or targeted biological agent with defined antigen/epitope binding. No clone, isotype, or species reactivity data apply.
Mechanistic note (literature): In microbiological contexts, ticarcillin targets PBPs involved in peptidoglycan crosslinking, while clavulanate targets many class A serine β‑lactamases. Specific organism susceptibility varies and should be determined empirically.
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