TXN2 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A

Cat. No.: T1489650

Storage

Store at -20°C

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

Panoramica

TXN2 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A contains three designed siRNAs for TXN2 gene (Human), as well as a negative control, a positive control, and a FAM-labeled negative control. Components TXN2 siRNA-1: 5 nmol (HPLC) TXN2 siRNA-2: 5 nmol (HPLC) TXN2 siRNA-3: 5 nmol (HPLC) siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) FAM-labeled siRNA Negative Control: 5 nmol (HPLC) GAPDH siRNA Positive Control:5 nmol (HPLC)

Specifications

Condizioni di conservazione di stoccaggio

Store at -20°C

Spedito in

Ice chest + Ice pads

Questo prodotto richiede spedizione a catena fredda. I servizi di terra e altri servizi economici non sono disponibili.

Product Line

Prodotti biologici

Application Protocols

General transfection and knockdown workflow for siRNA reagents (adapt as needed; not item-specific):

Standard lipid-mediated transfection (adherent cells):

1. Plate cells 18–24 h prior to transfection to reach 50–60% confluence.
2. Prepare two tubes in RNase-free conditions:
   • Tube A: Dilute siRNA in serum-free medium to yield a final well concentration of 10–25 nM after addition to cells.
   • Tube B: Dilute transfection reagent per manufacturer’s recommendation (e.g., 1–3 µL per well of a 24-well plate) in serum-free medium.
3. Combine tubes A and B; incubate 10–15 min at room temperature to form complexes.
4. Replace culture medium with fresh complete medium (antibiotic-free for sensitive cells) and add complexes dropwise.
5. Incubate 24–72 h. Assess TXN2 mRNA by RT-qPCR at 24–48 h; assess protein by immunoblot at 48–96 h.
6. Include controls: non-targeting siRNA, mock (reagent only), and, where available, an independent TXN2 siRNA.

Electroporation (suspension/primary cells):

• Mix cells with siRNA (typically 50–200 pmol per reaction) and electroporate using an optimized program; recover immediately in pre-warmed medium.

Validation and analysis:

• Normalize qPCR to stable housekeeping genes; verify primer efficiency.
• Quantify protein knockdown with densitometry; replicate across passages.

No vendor-tested cell lines, dilutions, or sequences are specified for this item.

Biological Roles

Target gene background (general literature):

• TXN2 (Thioredoxin-2) encodes a mitochondrial thioredoxin localized to the matrix/intermembrane space and is a key component of the thioredoxin system (with thioredoxin reductase 2 and peroxiredoxins).
• Functions:
  • Maintains mitochondrial redox homeostasis by reducing disulfide bonds in substrate proteins.
  • Supports detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via peroxiredoxin pathways.
  • Modulates apoptotic signaling and mitochondrial integrity through redox-sensitive protein regulation.
• Cellular processes influenced by TXN2 perturbation (reported in literature):
  • Oxidative stress responses, mitochondrial respiration efficiency, and redox-dependent signaling cascades.

Relevance to this product:

• The TXN2 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A is intended to downregulate TXN2 mRNA to study these biological processes in vitro.
• Expected outcomes of effective knockdown (to be validated experimentally):
  • Decreased TXN2 transcript and protein levels, altered redox-sensitive readouts (e.g., peroxiredoxin oxidation states), and phenotype-specific changes contingent on the model system.

Notes:

• Specific transcript variants/isoforms targeted are not specified for this item; researchers should confirm isoform coverage using their own primer/probe sets.
• All uses are for research only; no clinical or diagnostic claims are made.

Buffer Applications

This product is not a buffering agent; however, suitable buffers are critical for siRNA stability and handling (general literature/practice).

• Commonly used solutions:
  • RNase-free water: Best for immediate use and compatibility with most transfection systems.
  • 1× TE (10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.5–8.0): Recommended for long-term frozen storage; EDTA chelates metal ions that catalyze RNA hydrolysis.
  • siRNA dilution buffer: Some laboratories use low-ionic-strength Tris or HEPES buffers (RNase-free) for improved pH control; composition must be compatible with the chosen transfection reagent.
• Practical tips:
  • Avoid divalent cations (Mg2+, Ca2+) in storage buffers; they may enhance nuclease activity.
  • Filter-sterilize and validate as RNase-free; avoid DEPC residues in buffers destined for cell culture.
  • Maintain pH ~7.0–8.0 to limit backbone transesterification.

No item-specific buffer recipe is provided; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet if a recommended reconstitution buffer accompanies this product.

Green Alternatives

Greenness considerations for siRNA-based workflows focus on reducing hazardous transfection auxiliaries and minimizing resource use rather than substituting the oligonucleotide itself.

• Opportunities (general literature/practice):
  • Prefer aqueous buffers (RNase-free water/TE) over solvent-heavy formulations.
  • Use low-toxicity, serum-compatible transfection reagents that avoid extensive washing and reduce media waste.
  • Optimize transfection to reduce siRNA dose (e.g., effective at 5–10 nM) while maintaining knockdown, thereby lowering material and plastic consumption.
  • Consolidate assays and adopt miniaturized formats (96–384 wells) to reduce reagent volumes.
  • Consider electroporation for hard-to-transfect cells to avoid cationic lipid waste, where appropriate and safe for your system.

Comparison (general):

• Lipid-based transfection vs. electroporation
  • Resource footprint: Lipid reagents introduce additional organic components; electroporation reduces chemical inputs but increases electricity and cuvette waste.
  • Cell compatibility: Lipids often gentler for many adherent lines; electroporation suits suspension/primary cells but may reduce viability—requires optimization.

Waste management:

• Collect and dispose of nucleic-acid contaminated consumables per local biosafety guidance; segregate from chlorinated solvent waste streams to simplify disposal.

No item-specific greener substitute is applicable, as the reagent’s identity (siRNA targeting TXN2) defines its function.

Pharmaceutical Uses

This reagent is supplied strictly for research use only and is not intended for human or veterinary use, diagnostic procedures, or as an active pharmaceutical ingredient.

Context (general information about oligonucleotides in regulated settings):

• Pharmaceutical/clinical-grade oligonucleotides require GMP manufacturing, comprehensive impurity profiling, validated analytical methods, and stability/sterility controls. None of these attributes are specified for this catalog research reagent.
• In preclinical discovery labs, research-grade siRNAs can support:
  • Target validation in in vitro systems.
  • Assay development for screening of small molecules or biologics affecting the same pathway.

Item-specific status:

• Pharmacopeial status, excipient roles, and clinical formulation suitability: Not specified for this item; this product should not be used for formulation or therapeutic purposes.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physicochemical specifications are not provided.

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. (siRNA sets are commonly supplied lyophilized or in aqueous RNase-free buffer; literature)
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. (sequence-dependent; literature range per duplex ~13–15 kDa for 21–23mers)
• Solubility (general literature):
  • Freely soluble in RNase-free water or 1× TE / 10 mM Tris, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.5–8.0.
  • Working stocks typically prepared at 10–100 µM depending on use and storage strategy.
• pKa / logP / refractive index: Not applicable for oligonucleotide duplexes (polyionic, aqueous systems; literature).
• Optical properties (general literature):
  • Strong UV absorbance at 260 nm; extinction coefficient is sequence-dependent and not specified for this item.
• Stability (general literature):
  • Aqueous solutions are stable at −20 °C to −80 °C for months when aliquoted and protected from RNases; repeated freeze–thaw cycles decrease integrity.
  • Lyophilized material is typically stable at −20 °C in a desiccated, dark environment.

Because siRNA physicochemical parameters are sequence- and formulation-dependent, please refer to the item’s CoA/Spec Sheet for any provided product-specific measurements (concentration, OD260, residual solvents/salts).

Quality and Grades

• Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Context for siRNA quality (general literature/practice):

• Oligonucleotide quality may be described by purification method (e.g., desalting, HPLC, PAGE) and analytical confirmation (LC/MS, CE, UV/OD260). Absent explicit statements, purification level for this item is not specified.
• Key quality attributes typically reviewed:
  • Identity (strand masses by MS), duplex formation (annealing verification), and OD260 with calculated concentration.
  • Residual salts/solvents and nuclease-free status (RNase/DNase testing). Not specified for this item.
  • Endotoxin/bioburden: Only relevant for sensitive cellular assays; not specified for this item.
• What “pre-designed siRNA set” generally implies:
  • Sequences computationally selected to target conserved regions of the specified transcript and minimize off-targets (seed-region filters, genome/transcriptome BLAST). The exact design pipeline, target isoforms, and number of duplexes are not specified for this item.
• Practical note:
  • For quantitative work, verify knockdown efficiency in your own system by qPCR/RT-qPCR and immunoblotting, and confirm specificity via multiple independent sequences when available.

Please consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for any item-specific QC metrics (purity %, MS traces, HPLC chromatograms) if provided.

Reaction and Applications

Primary application: sequence-specific post-transcriptional gene silencing (RNA interference) of human TXN2 transcripts in cultured cells or cell-free systems (general literature and intended use).

• Use cases:
  • Gene function studies: Assess roles of TXN2 in mitochondrial redox homeostasis, oxidative stress responses, and apoptotic signaling pathways (literature background).
  • Pathway mapping/validation: Evaluate downstream transcriptional or proteomic changes following TXN2 knockdown.
  • Assay development: Establish TXN2-dependent phenotypic readouts for screening.
• Experimental workflow (general):
  1. Reconstitute siRNA in RNase-free water/TE; quantify by OD260 if concentration is provided.
  2. Transfect cells using a compatible reagent or electroporation; optimize cell density and siRNA dose.
  3. Assess mRNA reduction by RT-qPCR at 24–48 h; assess protein reduction by immunoblot at 48–96 h.
  4. Confirm phenotype rescue by co-transfection of siRNA-resistant cDNA or use of independent siRNA sequences when available.
• Controls:
  • Non-targeting siRNA negative control; TXN2-targeting positive control where applicable; transfection reagent only control.
• Practical tips:
  • Start with 10–25 nM final siRNA; titrate 5–50 nM to balance efficacy and minimize off-target effects (literature ranges).
  • Use multiple readouts (qPCR/protein/phenotype) and replicate across passages.

Note: Specific sequences, chemical modifications, and recommended cell lines are not specified for this item; optimize empirically in your system.

Reaction Conditions

For siRNA-mediated RNAi, “reaction conditions” correspond to transfection and knockdown conditions. The following are general literature guidelines to aid optimization (not item-specific specifications):

• Cell density: 40–70% confluence for adherent lines at transfection; optimize per line.
• siRNA concentration: Start at 10–25 nM final; titrate 5–50 nM to balance efficacy and minimize off-targets/toxicity.
• Complexation: Prepare siRNA–transfection reagent complexes in serum-free medium (e.g., Opti-MEM) per reagent instructions; typical incubation 5–20 min at room temperature.
• Incubation: Add complexes to cells; after 4–6 h some protocols replace with growth medium, others keep complexes without change—follow reagent guidance.
• Knockdown kinetics: mRNA reduction visible by 24–48 h; maximal protein reduction often 48–96 h, depending on protein half-life.
• Media: Use antibiotic-free medium during transfection for sensitive lines; resume antibiotics after 12–24 h if needed.
• Electroporation (alternative): Use vendor-optimized programs/cuvettes; typical siRNA dose 50–200 pmol per reaction depending on cell type.
• Readouts:
  • RT-qPCR with exon-spanning primers for TXN2; normalize to stable housekeeping transcripts.
  • Immunoblot/ELISA for TXN2 protein where validated antibodies are available.
• Replicates/statistics: Perform biological triplicates and independent repeats; include non-targeting and mock controls.

Note: Exact sequences, modifications, and recommended transfection reagents for this item are not specified; users should perform pilot optimizations.

Safety and Handling

• GHS classification, signal word, pictograms, and H-statements: Not specified for this item; refer to the SDS for authoritative safety information.
• General safety (appropriate for synthetic siRNA reagents; literature/practice):
  • Handle using standard laboratory PPE: lab coat, gloves, and safety glasses.
  • Practice RNase-free technique: use certified RNase-free tubes and tips; clean benches and equipment; wear fresh gloves; avoid skin contact with vial rims and solutions.
  • Avoid aerosol generation; keep containers closed to prevent environmental RNase contamination.
• Incompatibilities (practice-based):
  • Avoid exposure to RNases (human skin, unfiltered tips, contaminated buffers), strong acids/bases, and nucleases that degrade RNA.
  • Avoid prolonged light/heat; store cold as directed.
• First-aid overview (general):
  • Skin/eye contact: Rinse with water; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical advice if irritation persists.
  • Inhalation/ingestion: Move to fresh air; rinse mouth; seek medical attention per institutional policy.
• Spill/cleanup: Absorb aqueous spills with disposable towels, decontaminate surfaces with RNase-degrading solutions (e.g., commercial RNase remover) or freshly prepared 0.1% DEPC-treated water where appropriate, followed by water.
• Waste: Dispose according to local regulations for nonhazardous laboratory biological/chemical waste.

Always consult the product SDS for definitive hazard, exposure limits, and transport information.

Solvent Selection

This product is an RNA duplex reagent intended for aqueous biological workflows; organic solvent selection is generally not applicable.

• Recommended solvents (general literature/practice):
  • RNase-free water: Preferred for immediate use; prepare working stocks (e.g., 10–50 µM) and aliquot.
  • TE buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.5–8.0): Enhances long-term stability in frozen storage; EDTA chelates divalent cations that can catalyze RNA hydrolysis.
  • PBS (RNase-free, without Ca2+/Mg2+) can be used for certain applications but is less preferred for long-term storage.
• Not recommended:
  • Organic solvents (e.g., ethanol, DMSO) for stock preparation—may affect duplex integrity or downstream transfection; if used as a component of transfection mixtures, keep siRNA in aqueous phase per reagent guidance.
• Practical guidance:
  • Adjust solvent choice to transfection reagent requirements; many lipofection systems prefer siRNA in water or low-ionic buffers.
  • Filter-sterilize buffers and confirm RNase-free status; avoid DEPC in solutions intended for cell culture unless thoroughly removed.

If the product ships lyophilized, reconstitute only in certified RNase-free aqueous media to the desired stock concentration and store per the Storage & Reconstitution guidance.

Storage and Reconstitution

Item-specific storage conditions provided by the catalog:

• Storage: Store at −20 °C.
• Shipment: Shipped in an ice chest with ice pads.

Additional best practices for siRNA reagents (general literature/practice):

• If lyophilized:
  • Allow vial to equilibrate to room temperature in a desiccator before opening to prevent condensation.
  • Reconstitute in RNase-free water or 1× TE to a convenient stock (e.g., 20–100 µM). Mix gently; avoid vigorous vortexing.
• If supplied in solution: Keep on ice during handling; briefly centrifuge before opening to collect contents.
• Aliquoting and storage:
  • Prepare single-use aliquots to avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles.
  • Store aliquots at −20 °C for routine use or −80 °C for long-term storage; protect from light.
  • Avoid >3 freeze–thaw cycles; discard aliquots showing degradation (e.g., smeared bands on denaturing PAGE or reduced activity).
• Handling precautions:
  • Use RNase-free plastics and buffers; change gloves frequently; avoid touching vial rims.
  • For long-term aqueous storage, TE buffer (pH 7.5–8.0) can improve stability via divalent cation chelation.

Appearance, provided concentration, and any stabilizers are not specified for this item; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet if available.

Structure and Identity

This product is a gene-silencing reagent: a pre-designed small interfering RNA (siRNA) set targeting human TXN2 (thioredoxin-2) transcripts.

• Item name/SKU: TXN2 Human Pre-designed siRNA Set A (T1489650)
• Intended target: TXN2 (Homo sapiens); nuclear gene encoding the mitochondrial thioredoxin-2 protein (general literature)
• Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. (Note: MW of siRNAs is sequence- and modification-dependent; general literature: individual 21–23mer duplexes typically ~13–15 kDa.)
• SMILES / InChIKey / CAS / CID: Not applicable or not specified for this item.
• Structure (general literature description):
  • Double-stranded RNA duplex composed of an antisense (guide) strand complementary to TXN2 mRNA and a sense (passenger) strand.
  • Ends often feature 3′ overhangs (e.g., dTdT or UU) to enhance RISC loading; presence and identity of overhangs for this item are not specified.
  • May be provided as a set of distinct sequences targeting non-overlapping regions of TXN2 to improve knockdown robustness; exact count/sequences not specified for this item.
• Functional features (general): Phosphodiester RNA backbone; strand phosphorylation state and chemical stabilizers (e.g., 2′-O-Me, phosphorothioate) are not specified for this item.

Note: Without sequence disclosure, computed properties (extinction coefficient, exact MW, charge) cannot be itemized; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for item-specific identity and sequence information if provided.

Synthetic Utility

Not a synthetic building block in the classical chemical sense. Nevertheless, as a functional genomics tool, this siRNA set has “utility” within experimental design and validation workflows.

• Utility in workflows (general literature/practice):
  • Rapid knockdown of TXN2 to complement genetic knockout approaches, enabling temporal control and reversibility.
  • Facilitates structure–function analyses by pairing knockdown with rescue using siRNA-resistant constructs.
  • Supports chemical biology: correlate effects of small-molecule modulators of redox pathways with direct suppression of TXN2.
• Design principles typically leveraged (not item-specific):
  • Seed-region off-target filtering, avoidance of SNP-rich regions, predicted low immunostimulatory motifs, and target accessibility models.
• Experimental integration:
  • Combine with transcriptomics/proteomics to map downstream networks.
  • Use CRISPRi/CRISPRa or ASOs in orthogonal validation to confirm TXN2-specific phenotypes.

Because no strand sequences, chemical modifications, or purification details are provided, no further item-specific synthetic or structural annotations can be made.

Target Specificity

• Target gene: TXN2 (Thioredoxin-2), Homo sapiens (general gene identification)
• Intended mechanism: RNA interference via RISC-loaded guide strand base pairing to TXN2 mRNA, promoting endonucleolytic cleavage and degradation (general literature mechanism).
• Target region(s): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet if sequences are provided.
• Isoform coverage: Not specified for this item. Researchers should validate isoform specificity using isoform-discriminating qPCR when necessary.
• Off-target considerations (general):
  • Potential seed-mediated off-targeting; mitigate by using lower effective concentrations, employing multiple independent siRNAs, and confirming phenotypes with rescue experiments.
  • Conduct genome-wide or transcriptome checks when sequences are disclosed; not available for this item.

No clone/isotype/species-reactivity descriptors apply (these are antibody-specific fields). All specificity details beyond the named gene are not provided for this item.