YO-PRO-1 3D Staining Solution - BioReagent, for microscopy, ready-to-use, Biological Stain

Cat. No.: Y774181

GRADE & PURITY BioReagent, Ready-to-use, Biological Stain, for Microscopy

Synonyms

Oxazole yellow | YP1 | YO-PRO 1

Storage

Protected from light,Store at -20°C,Avoid repeated freezing and thawing

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

Specifications

Sinonimi

Oxazole yellow | YP1 | YO-PRO 1

Specifiche e purezza

BioReagent, for microscopy, ready-to-use, Biological Stain

Stabilità e conservazione

Store at 2-8°C short term. Store at -20°C long term (12 months). Avoid freeze/thaw cycle. Store in the dark.

Condizioni di conservazione di stoccaggio

Protected from light,Store at -20°C,Avoid repeated freezing and thawing

Spedito in

Ice chest + Ice pads

Questo prodotto richiede spedizione a catena fredda. I servizi di terra e altri servizi economici non sono disponibili.

Grado

Biological Stain, BioReagent, per la microscopia, Pronto all’uso

Product Line

Prodotti biologici

Proprietà chimiche e fisiche

• Sensibilità: light-sensitive

Application Protocols

No manufacturer-validated protocols, recommended dilutions, or tested applications are provided for this product.

• Tested applications (WB, IHC, IF, FC, etc.): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Positive controls: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Note: Users should internally validate staining conditions (incubation time, temperature, buffer, and wash steps) for their specific samples and imaging platforms. Consult the SDS and CoA/Spec Sheet for any item-specific handling instructions.

Biological Roles

YO-PRO-1 is a synthetic fluorescent dye and does not have a native biological role. Its utility arises from selective fluorescence enhancement upon nucleic-acid binding.

• Mechanistic context (literature/general):
  • Cationic cyanine dyes intercalate into or groove-bind nucleic acids, restricting intramolecular rotations and increasing quantum yield upon binding. This produces strong contrast between bound and unbound states.
  • Membrane integrity influences cellular uptake: intact plasma membranes restrict entry of many cationic cyanines, whereas membrane-compromised or permeabilized cells/tissues accumulate dye and fluoresce strongly.
• Research implications:
  • Facilitates visualization of nuclei and nucleic-acid–rich structures in fixed or permeabilized specimens.
  • Often used alongside counterstains and immunolabels in multiplex 3D imaging, requiring careful spectral planning to minimize bleed-through.
• Environmental and matrix effects:
  • Ionic strength, pH near neutrality, and presence of proteins or detergents can modulate binding and background fluorescence; optimize buffer conditions for your sample type.

Note: The descriptions above reflect general literature behavior of YO-PRO-1–type dyes and are not item-specific specifications.

Buffer Applications

This ready-to-use solution is designed to be applied directly; if buffer adjustments or dilutions are required, align them with the product’s base formulation.

• Item-specific buffer composition/pH: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General guidance for nucleic-acid fluorescent stains in microscopy (literature/general):

• Suitable buffers:
  • Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or Tris-buffered saline (TBS) at pH 7.2–7.6 are commonly used to maintain dye performance and sample integrity.
  • For fixed tissues, inclusion of mild detergents (e.g., 0.1% Triton X-100) may improve penetration; verify effects on fluorescence and tissue morphology.
• pH considerations:
  • Neutral pH preserves dye stability and nucleic-acid binding; avoid strong acids/bases that can quench fluorescence or degrade the chromophore.
• 3D applications:
  • For thick tissues and cleared samples, consider buffers compatible with the clearing medium’s refractive index to minimize optical aberrations.
• Additives:
  • Low concentrations of RNase/DNase-free salts are typically compatible; avoid chelators or heavy metals that might alter fluorescence.

Practical tips:

• Filter buffers (0.22 µm) to reduce particulate background.
• Perform small-scale pilot tests when changing buffer composition to ensure signal-to-noise and penetration meet requirements.

Green Alternatives

While fluorescent cyanine dyes are used at very low concentrations, greener practice focuses on solvent choices, waste minimization, and energy-efficient workflows.

• Current product profile:
  • Ready-to-use aqueous staining solution (exact composition Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet). Shipped cold and stored frozen to preserve performance.
• Greener handling strategies (general):
  • Use aqueous buffers where possible; avoid unnecessary organic cosolvents.
  • Minimize volumes and prepare only what is needed to reduce hazardous waste.
  • Employ LED-based illumination to reduce heat and energy consumption during imaging.
• Alternatives and trade-offs (literature/general):
  • Alternative green-emitting nucleic-acid dyes (e.g., SYTOX Green, EvaGreen family) may offer lower hazard classifications or improved photostability; compatibility and spectral properties vary and may require re-optimization.
  • PI or 7-AAD (red emitters) can reduce need for high blue/green excitation power, but shift to longer wavelengths; assess spectral cross-talk and instrument availability.

Comparison (general, illustrative):

• Aqueous ready-to-use vs DMSO stock:
  • Aqueous: reduced flammability/toxicity risk; potentially shorter shelf-life and sensitivity to microbial growth.
  • DMSO stock: longer dye stability at high concentration; requires careful handling and contributes to solvent waste.

Implement closed, light-protected containers and reuse-compatible imaging chambers to reduce consumables.

Pharmaceutical Uses

This product is designated for research use only and is not intended for pharmaceutical, clinical, or diagnostic use.

• Excipient/formulation status: Not applicable. No pharmacopeial status is claimed for this staining solution.
• Manufacturing context:
  • Fluorescent nucleic-acid dyes are occasionally used in process analytics and assay development in R&D settings, but this product is not specified for GMP environments.
• Regulatory note:
  • Do not use in human or veterinary applications. No therapeutic or diagnostic claims are made for this item.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physicochemical specifications for the final solution are not provided.

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Concentration/solvent system: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Density, refractive index, pH: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• BP/MP of formulated solution: Not applicable/Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Literature/spectral characteristics for YO-PRO-1 dye (for context; not item specifications):

• Excitation/emission (nucleic-acid bound): typically Ex ~491 nm, Em ~509 nm (green channel), with strong fluorescence enhancement upon binding to DNA/RNA.
• Solubility: cyanine dyes are commonly supplied in aqueous buffers or DMSO stocks and are water-miscible; exact formulation for this item is not specified.
• LogP/pKa: not commonly reported for the formulated solution; binding and quantum yield are strongly environment-dependent (literature).

Practical notes (general):

• Fluorescent cyanines are light-sensitive; minimize ambient light exposure during handling.
• Avoid repeated freeze-thaw to preserve dye integrity and fluorescence performance.
• Validate spectral settings on your instrument using your sample matrix, as emission can shift slightly with environment and nucleic-acid context.

Quality and Grades

This product is supplied as a BioReagent-grade, ready-to-use biological stain optimized for microscopy workflows.

• Item-specific grade (from Product Data):
  • BioReagent, Ready-to-use, Biological Stain, for Microscopy.
• What this means in practice:
  • BioReagent: suitable for research and laboratory use, with attention to impurities that can affect biological assays and fluorescence backgrounds (not a GMP/clinical grade).
  • Ready-to-use: pre-formulated for direct application to samples without further compounding; minimizes variability from on-site dilution. Exact concentration and buffer composition are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Biological stain for microscopy: formulation is intended to provide robust nucleic-acid–dependent fluorescence and tissue/cell compatibility in imaging workflows.
• Stabilization:
  • No stabilizer information is provided for this item. If stabilizers, surfactants, or preservatives are present, their identities/levels are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Performance considerations:
  • Fluorescent background, photostability, and penetration in 3D specimens are critical performance aspects. Batch-to-batch consistency is controlled under BioReagent practices; verify with your assay controls.
• Documentation:
  • For item-specific acceptance criteria (e.g., concentration, solvent, pH, fluorescence QC), consult the Certificate of Analysis/Specification Sheet.

Reaction and Applications

This product is a fluorescent staining solution intended for microscopy, not for synthetic chemistry. The following focuses on application use-cases in imaging and analysis.

• Intended research applications (from product category/description):
  • Biological stain for microscopy; ready-to-use 3D staining solution. Specific validated applications are not provided; design and validate protocols per your samples.
• General application contexts (literature/general):
  • Nucleic-acid staining of cells and tissues to visualize nuclei and nucleic-acid–rich structures. The dye exhibits strong fluorescence enhancement upon binding DNA/RNA.
  • 3D tissue imaging: penetration into fixed and optically cleared specimens for volumetric microscopy (e.g., confocal, light-sheet). Optimize incubation time and agitation for specimen size.
  • Viability/compromise indicators: YO-PRO-1 is commonly excluded by intact membranes and can label cells with compromised membranes; confirm suitability for your model and endpoints.
• Practical tips (general):
  • Protect samples and solutions from light throughout staining to reduce photobleaching.
  • Rinse steps can reduce background; number and duration depend on specimen and signal-to-noise requirements.
  • Confirm spectral settings: excite near 488–491 nm and collect emission around 509–550 nm (literature) to maximize signal while controlling bleed-through with other fluorophores.
• Controls:
  • Include dye-free negative controls and known-positive controls (e.g., permeabilized samples) to benchmark staining performance.

Note: No manufacturer-validated protocols or use-dilutions are provided for this item.

Reaction Conditions

Not applicable to chemical synthesis. This product is an imaging stain.

General imaging conditions (literature/general) for context:

• Temperature: Room temperature staining is common; colder temperatures can slow diffusion into thick specimens.
• Time: Incubation can range from minutes (cells) to hours or overnight (thick tissues). Optimize for sample size and permeability.
• Light: Perform staining and washes with minimized light exposure to prevent photobleaching.
• Compatibility: Typically compatible with neutral aqueous buffers; avoid extreme pH or oxidants.

No item-specific, manufacturer-validated staining times, temperatures, or dilutions are provided for this product.

Safety and Handling

Safety information specific to this product is not fully specified. Always consult the SDS for authoritative guidance.

• GHS/CLP for this item: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
  • Signal word: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
  • Hazard statements/Pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• General hazard considerations for nucleic-acid–binding cyanine dyes (literature/general):
  • May be harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or in contact with skin; intercalating dyes should be handled as potential mutagens. Use containment and good hygiene.
  • Light-sensitive; protect from light to prevent photodegradation and potential formation of reactive photoproducts.
• Storage incompatibilities (general):
  • Avoid strong oxidizers and bases/acids that can degrade cyanine chromophores. Keep in inert, light-protective containers.
• Recommended PPE and engineering controls:
  • Lab coat, nitrile gloves, safety glasses or goggles; handle in a well-ventilated area or fume hood when preparing dilutions/sprays.
• First-aid overview (general; defer to SDS):
  • Skin/eye contact: Rinse with water for at least 15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing. Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
  • Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical advice if symptoms occur.
  • Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; obtain medical attention.
• Waste: Collect dye-containing solutions as hazardous chemical waste; do not discharge to drains. Follow institutional and local regulations.

Solvent Selection

As a ready-to-use staining solution, this product is intended to be applied directly without solvent selection by the end-user. If dilution is necessary, use the same solvent/buffer system as the stock, or a compatible aqueous buffer.

• Item specifics:
  • Formulation solvent/buffer: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General guidance for YO-PRO-1–type fluorescent stains (literature/general):

• Polarity and miscibility:
  • Typically formulated in water or aqueous buffer; some concentrated stocks may be in DMSO then diluted into aqueous media. Verify compatibility with your samples.
• Buffer compatibility:
  • Physiological salt solutions (e.g., PBS) and neutral pH buffers (pH ~7–8) are commonly used. High ionic strength and certain detergents can affect binding and fluorescence.
• Avoid:
  • Strongly basic or acidic media that can degrade cyanine dyes; organic-rich solvents that may extract lipids and alter tissue integrity in imaging workflows unless your clearing protocol requires them.
• Comparison notes (when choosing alternatives):
  • YO-PRO-1 vs propidium iodide (PI): YO-PRO-1 emits in green channel; PI in red. Multicolor panels should minimize spectral overlap.
  • YO-PRO-1 vs SYTOX Green: both green-excitable nucleic-acid stains; SYTOX variants differ in membrane permeability and staining intensity.
• Practical tip:
  • Match the refractive index and buffer composition to your 3D imaging/clearing medium to preserve optical homogeneity; test a small volume for precipitation or signal loss.

Storage and Reconstitution

Follow the item-specific storage guidance to preserve fluorescence performance and product integrity.

• Storage conditions (from Product Data):
  • Store at -20°C.
  • Protect from light.
  • Avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
  • Shipped in ice chest with ice pads.
• Reconstitution:
  • Ready-to-use solution; no reconstitution required. If aliquoting is needed, do so under low-light conditions using sterile, low-binding tubes.
• Handling tips:
  • Thaw on ice or at 2–8°C, mix gently by inversion; avoid vigorous vortexing that can introduce bubbles and light exposure.
  • After thawing, keep on ice and shield from light during use.
  • If a working dilution is prepared, use the same buffer system as the stock solution, when known. Composition and concentration are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Stability:
  • For detailed shelf life and number of freeze–thaw cycles tolerated, Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet/SDS. In general, aliquoting to single-use volumes minimizes degradation.
• Disposal:
  • Dispose of dye-containing solutions as hazardous chemical waste according to institutional and local regulations.

Structure and Identity

This product is a ready-to-use staining solution containing the nucleic-acid–binding dye YO-PRO-1, formulated for 3D microscopy workflows.

• Item-specific identifiers:

  • SKU: Y774181
  • Product name: YO-PRO-1 3D Staining Solution
  • CAS: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • CID: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Structural features (general, literature):

  • YO-PRO-1 is a green-fluorescent asymmetric cyanine dye that intercalates/binds to DNA and RNA, typically supplied as a monovalent anion or iodide salt in dry form when not pre-formulated (literature).
  • The conjugated polymethine chain and heteroaromatic end groups confer strong nucleic-acid–dependent fluorescence enhancement (literature).

• 2D structure description (general, literature):

  • Two heteroaromatic rings linked by a polymethine bridge, forming a delocalized cationic chromophore; counterion varies by salt form. No stereocenters; planarity favored by conjugation.

Synthetic Utility

Not typically applicable. YO-PRO-1 3D Staining Solution is an imaging reagent, not a synthetic building block or reagent.

For context (literature/general):

• Cyanine dyes participate in photophysical processes rather than chemical transformations in routine lab practice. They are not commonly used as catalysts, ligands, or substrates in synthetic reactions.
• If chemical modification is desired (e.g., conjugation), one would use functionalized dye derivatives (e.g., NHS esters, azides, alkynes) rather than a ready-to-use staining solution.

Target Specificity

Item-specific target information has not been provided.

• Manufacturer target/antigen/clone/isotype: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General information (literature; not item-specific):

• YO-PRO-1–type dyes exhibit strong fluorescence upon binding to nucleic acids (DNA/RNA), and are often used to visualize nuclei or detect membrane-compromised cells. Users should validate specificity in their own system with appropriate controls.

Domande frequenti

What does ready-to-use mean?

ready-to-use indicates that the material has been processed and tested for specialty industrial processing. Specifications focus on the impurities that affect performance in that application — for example, metal content for electronics, particle size for batteries, refractive index for optics, or moisture content for moisture-sensitive processes.

What does BioReagent mean?

BioReagent indicates that the product has been processed and tested for biological and biochemical applications. Specifications may include endotoxin limits, microbial controls, sterility, low DNase/RNase/protease activity, and verified biological activity where relevant.

How should this product be stored?

Store at ?20 °C, protected from light. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles. Aliquot into single-use volumes before freezing.

How is this product shipped?

This product ships in an insulated container with ice pads. Unpack on arrival and transfer it to the storage condition stated above.

What documentation is provided?

Available product documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (COA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and specification sheets, is shown in the product document area. Document availability and access follow the current site policy.