Anticorps DCK - Primary antibody, specific to DCK, Rabbit IgG

Cat. No.: Ab099262

GRADE & PURITY ExactAb™, Validated, 1.0 mg/mL

Application

WB

Host species

Rabbit

Reactive species

Human, Mouse, Rat

Isotype

Rabbit IgG

Conjugation

Unconjugated

Vue d’ensemble

Anticorps de lapin anti-Human DCK, polyclonal, pouvant être utilisé pour les tests de laboratoire et autres.
Application
WB : 1/500-1/2000
Fonction de la protéine
Requise pour la phosphorylation des désoxyribonucléosides désoxycytidine (dC), désoxyguanosine (dG) et désoxyadénosine (dA). Elle possède une large spécificité de substrat et ne présente pas de sélectivité basée sur la chiralité du substrat. C'est également une enzyme essentielle pour la phosphorylation de nombreux analogues de nucléosides largement utilisés comme agents antiviraux et chimiothérapeutiques.

Specifications

Product Name

Anticorps DCK - Primary antibody, specific to DCK, Rabbit IgG

Synonymes

Anticorps de la protéine DCK | Anticorps DCK_HUMAN | Anticorps de la désoxycytidine kinase | Anticorps de la désoxynucléoside kinase | Anticorps EC 2.7.1 | Anticorps EC 2.7.1.74 | Anticorps MGC117410 | Anticorps MGC138632 | Anticorps OTTHUMP00000219118 |

Spécifications et pureté

ExactAb™, validé, 1,0 mg/mL

Espèce hôte

Rabbit

Spécificité

DCK

Immunogène

A synthetic peptide derived from human DCK (AA 62-112).

Contrôle positif

WB: MCF7 cell lysate.

Conjugation

Unconjugated

Grade

ExactAb™, Validated

Isotype

Rabbit IgG

SDS-PAGE

150 kDa

Méthode de purification

Immunogen affinity purified

Concentration

1.0 mg/mL

Product Line

Produits biologiques

Stockage et expédition

Forme

Liquide

Conditions de stockage de stockage

Conserver à -20°C, éviter les congélations et décongélations répétées

Expédié en

Glacière + blocs de glace

Stabilité et stockage

Stocker à 4℃ à court terme (1-2 semaines). Conserver à -20℃ à long terme (12 mois). Dès réception, il est recommandé d'aliquoter. Éviter les cycles de congélation/décongélation.

Images

Western Blot: DCK Antibody (Ab099262)

DCK Antibody (Ab099262) - Western Blot
All lanes: DCK Antibody (Ab099262) at 1/1000 dilution
Samples: Lysates at 20 µg per lane
Secondary: Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Ab170144) at 1/10000 dilution
Predicted band size: 31 kDa
Observed band size: 29 kDa
Exposure time: 100.0 s

Application

Application

Dilution info

WB

1/500-1/2000

Application Protocols

Item-specific tested applications and recommended dilutions are not provided for SKU Ab099262; refer to the CoA/Spec Sheet. The following are general, literature-based templates to aid initial planning and should be optimized empirically.

Western blot (general)

• Sample: 20–40 µg total protein per lane; denature in Laemmli buffer, reduce if epitope permits.
• Transfer: PVDF or nitrocellulose; confirm DCK size by literature for your species.
• Block: 5% BSA or milk in TBST, 30–60 min.
• Primary: Start at 1:1,000 in TBST + 5% BSA; incubate 1–2 h RT or overnight 4 °C.
• Secondary: HRP- or IRDye-conjugated anti-host IgG; 1:10,000 typical. Develop with ECL or scan.

Immunofluorescence/ICC (general)

• Fix: 4% PFA (10–15 min) or cold methanol (5–10 min) depending on epitope.
• Permeabilize: 0.1–0.3% Triton X-100 or saponin.
• Block: 3–5% BSA or serum.
• Primary: 1:200–1:500; 1 h RT or overnight 4 °C.
• Secondary: Species-appropriate fluorophore-conjugate; include nuclear/cytosolic markers for co-localization.

Immunoprecipitation (general)

• Lysate: Non-denaturing buffer; 1–2 mg total protein.
• Antibody: 1–4 µg; rotate 1–4 h at 4 °C; capture with Protein A/G beads.

ELISA (general)

• Titrate primary to balance signal/background; include standard curve and negative controls.

Always verify species reactivity, isotype, and host of Ab099262 on its datasheet before selecting secondaries and conditions.

Biological Roles

Target overview (literature)

• DCK (deoxycytidine kinase; EC 2.7.1.74) is a cytosolic nucleoside kinase that phosphorylates deoxycytidine, deoxyadenosine, and deoxyguanosine to their corresponding monophosphates, initiating the salvage pathway for deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis.
• Functional importance: Regulates intracellular dNTP pools, supporting DNA replication and repair, especially in lymphoid and hematopoietic cells where salvage pathways are prominent.
• Regulation: Activity is modulated by feedback from nucleotide pools and post-translational mechanisms; subcellular localization can be cytosolic and nuclear depending on context (literature).

Research utility of anti-DCK antibodies (general)

• Proteomic mapping of nucleotide metabolism pathways via immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation.
• Assessing changes in dNTP salvage pathway engagement in response to genetic or chemical perturbations.
• Co-localization studies with replication or repair markers to interrogate cell cycle–linked dynamics.

Notes

• The above describes general biology of DCK and typical research uses of anti-DCK antibodies. Item-specific epitope, species reactivity, and validated applications for Ab099262 are not specified for this item; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet.
• No clinical or diagnostic claims are made; this product is for research use only.

Buffer Applications

This product is an antibody reagent; it is not itself a buffering agent. However, successful use depends on appropriate buffer systems (general, literature):

Common working buffers

• PBS (10 mM phosphate, 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, pH 7.4): Routine dilution, washing, and storage.
• TBS (20–50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4–7.6): Preferred when phosphate interferes (e.g., with alkaline phosphatase detection).
• PBST/TBST: PBS or TBS with 0.05–0.1% Tween-20 to reduce nonspecific binding in WB/ELISA.
• Blocking buffers: 3–5% BSA, nonfat dry milk, or commercial blockers to suppress background.

Additives (as appropriate)

• Preservatives: 0.02–0.05% sodium azide for storage stability (avoid with HRP). Not specified for this item—verify on CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Cryoprotectant: 10–50% glycerol enables −20 °C storage without freezing (general guidance).

Practical guidance

• Maintain pH ~7.2–7.6 and isotonic ionic strength to preserve antibody conformation.
• Filter buffers (0.22 µm) for sterility and low background in sensitive assays.

Item-specific formulation and compatibility for Ab099262 are not specified; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet before deviating from the supplied buffer.

Green Alternatives

Sustainability considerations for antibody workflows focus on buffer composition, preservatives, and consumables rather than solvent substitution.

Greener choices (general guidance)

• Preservatives: Prefer low-toxicity antimicrobial strategies (sterile handling, small aliquots, refrigeration) to minimize or eliminate sodium azide where plumbing hazards exist. If azide-free is needed (e.g., for live-cell or peroxidase-based assays), use single-use aliquots and sterile filtration.
• Cryoprotection: Glycerol is widely used; consider reduced-percentage glycerol combined with aliquoting to lessen viscosity and facilitate cold-chain handling.
• Detergents: Biodegradable surfactants (where compatible) can be considered in place of traditional nonionic detergents.
• Packaging: Opt for recyclable plastics where available and consolidate shipments to reduce cold-chain footprint.

Comparison (general, literature)

• Azide-preserved vs azide-free: Azide preserves against microbial growth but is toxic and incompatible with HRP and metal plumbing; azide-free requires stricter asepsis and shorter open-vial shelf life.
• High vs low glycerol: High glycerol (≥50%) supports −20 °C storage without freezing; low glycerol requires lower storage temperature (−80 °C) but eases pipetting and reduces volume of petrochemical-derived cryoprotectant.

Item-specific formulation for Ab099262 is not specified; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet to confirm preservatives and excipients before implementing substitutions.

Pharmaceutical Uses

This product is a research-use antibody and is not intended for human or veterinary use, clinical diagnostics, or as an active pharmaceutical ingredient.

• Regulatory status: Research use only (RUO). No GMP, pharmacopeial, or clinical-grade claims are made for this SKU. Any such status would need to be explicitly documented; it is not specified for this item.
• Formulation/excipient context: Antibodies used in pharmaceutical development (as reference reagents or analytical standards) require defined composition, sterility/bioburden controls, and validated performance characteristics. For Ab099262, exact composition, sterility, bioburden limits, and excipients are not specified; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Typical non-clinical roles (general):
  • Analytical reagent in bioassays supporting discovery research on nucleotide metabolism enzymes.
  • Positive control material for method development in immunoassays (WB, ELISA, IP) in preclinical labs.
  • Reagent for mechanism-of-action studies in cell lines or lysates, without any claims of diagnostic or therapeutic intent.

If use is contemplated in regulated environments, perform risk assessment, method qualification, and material qualification using lot-specific CoA, and confirm absence/presence of preservatives (e.g., sodium azide) compatible with the intended instrumentation and waste handling protocols.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physical data

• Concentration, formulation buffer, pH, and stabilizers: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet (varies with isotype/format).

General/literature properties for typical IgG antibodies (for planning only)

• Approximate molecular mass: ~150 kDa for full-length IgG; ~50 kDa for Fab; ~25–30 kDa for scFv (literature).
• Isoelectric point (pI): Commonly pI ~6–9 depending on isotype and sequence (literature).
• Solubility: Readily soluble in aqueous buffers (PBS, TBS) with stabilizers such as 0.02–0.05% sodium azide or 50% glycerol for freeze–thaw protection (literature).
• UV quantitation: ε280 ~1.35–1.6 (mg/mL)−1 for IgG depending on sequence and glycosylation (literature).
• Stability: Enhanced by storage at −20 °C or −80 °C and avoidance of repeated freeze–thaw; addition of carrier proteins (e.g., BSA) can reduce adsorption losses (literature).

Note: Do not treat the above as specifications. Confirm exact formulation, concentration, and any preservatives on the product’s CoA/Spec Sheet.

Quality and Grades

Item-specific grade

• Grade/Purity: ExactAb™, Validated (item-specific).

What this implies

• ExactAb™ (general description): Denotes a rigorously characterized research antibody offering consistent lot-to-lot identity and performance metrics. Typical attributes may include specificity verification, titer evaluation, and documentation of validation data. Exact qualification criteria for this SKU are not specified; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet for the precise validation package.
• Validated: Indicates the antibody’s performance has been confirmed against its intended antigen using defined assays. The exact set of validated applications, species reactivity, and positive control materials are not specified for this item; consult the Certificate of Analysis or product datasheet for details.

Quality considerations for antibody users

• Specificity: Review validation images/lot data to confirm single-band or expected pattern for DCK in your species/sample type.
• Sensitivity: Check limit of detection and recommended loadings; optimize by titration in your matrix.
• Reproducibility: Maintain consistent sample preparation (lysis buffer, inhibitors) and detection chemistry (secondary antibody, substrate/fluor).
• Documentation: For regulated workflows, retain CoA/Spec Sheet and SDS; this product is for research use only and not released to pharmacopeial or GMP standards unless explicitly stated (not specified for this item).

Note: Where exact metrics (purity %, host/isotype, concentration, preservatives) are required, they are not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Reaction and Applications

This product is an antibody reagent and is not used as a stoichiometric reactant or catalyst in synthetic chemistry. Accordingly, classical reaction families (e.g., Grignard, cross-coupling) are not applicable.

Relevant laboratory applications (general, literature)

• Immunoblotting (Western blot): Detection of DCK in cell/tissue lysates after SDS-PAGE and transfer.
• Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Visualization of cellular DCK localization following fixation/permeabilization.
• Immunoprecipitation: Enrichment of DCK from lysates for downstream analysis (e.g., mass spectrometry or activity assays).
• ELISA: Quantitative/semiquantitative measurement when paired with suitable capture/detection systems.

Practical tips (general)

• Antigen abundance: DCK is a cytosolic/nuclear enzyme; fractionation can improve signal-to-noise.
• Denaturation sensitivity: Optimize epitope exposure with appropriate fixation (PFA vs methanol) and antigen retrieval (for IHC on FFPE), as needed.
• Controls: Include isotype controls and peptide-blocking controls when available to substantiate specificity.

Item-specific validation and recommended applications for Ab099262 are not provided in the Product Data. Consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for the verified application list and any demonstrated performance data.

Reaction Conditions

Classical reaction-condition parameters (solvent, catalysts, temperature) are not applicable to an antibody reagent.

Assay-condition guidance (general, literature; not item-specific)

• Western blot: Typical primary antibody incubations at 4 °C overnight or 1–2 h at room temperature in TBST + 5% BSA or milk; starting dilution ranges often 1:500–1:2,000, then optimize by titration.
• Immunofluorescence/ICC: Incubate 1–2 h at room temperature or overnight at 4 °C in blocking buffer; permeabilize with 0.1–0.5% Triton X-100 or saponin as appropriate.
• Immunoprecipitation: 1–4 µg antibody per mg lysate protein; 1–4 h binding at 4 °C with rotation; capture with Protein A/G beads matched to isotype.
• ELISA: Coating 1–5 µg/mL antigen in carbonate buffer, pH 9.6; primary antibody dilutions titrated to achieve desired dynamic range.

Important note

• The above are representative literature conditions to help plan experiments. Item-specific recommended dilutions, incubation times, and validated applications for Ab099262 are not specified; refer to the product CoA/Spec Sheet for authoritative guidance.

Safety and Handling

Compliance and use

• Research Use: For research use only. Not for diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

GHS/SDS information

• Signal word, hazard statements, pictograms, and classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Many antibody preparations in buffered saline are not classified as hazardous under GHS; classification depends on actual formulation and preservatives (general guidance; defer to SDS).

PPE and laboratory practice (general)

• Wear lab coat, gloves, and eye protection.
• Avoid ingestion, inhalation of aerosols, and contact with skin/eyes.
• Handle biological materials using standard biosafety practices; disinfect spills with appropriate protein-compatible disinfectants.

Incompatibilities and cautions (general)

• Avoid microbial contamination; use sterile tips and vessels.
• Preservative sensitivity: If sodium azide is present (not specified), avoid contact with copper/lead plumbing—flush with copious water to prevent metal azide accumulation (literature caution).
• Do not mix with strong oxidizers or denaturants unless protocol requires.

First-aid (general)

• Skin/eye contact: Rinse with water for at least 15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing.
• Ingestion/inhalation: Seek medical attention; move to fresh air.

Shipping/temperature

• Shipped: Ice chest + ice pads (item-specific).
• Storage: Store at −20 °C; avoid repeated freezing and thawing (item-specific). Always consult current SDS for authoritative safety guidance.

Solvent Selection

Relevance: Antibodies are aqueous biomolecules rather than organic reagents. Solvent selection focuses on buffer systems that preserve structure and binding activity.

• Primary medium: Aqueous buffers (e.g., PBS, TBS) are standard for storage and assays (general, literature).
• Additives (general): 10–50% glycerol for freeze–thaw protection; 0.02–0.05% sodium azide as antimicrobial; carrier proteins (e.g., 0.1% BSA) to reduce adsorption (not item-specific).
• Detergents: 0.05–0.1% Tween-20 (TBST/PBST) to mitigate nonspecific binding in blotting/ELISA (literature).
• Organic solvents: Avoid unless protocol-specific (e.g., methanol fixation steps in IF for cells); high organic content can denature antibodies.

Selection tips (general)

• Choose PBS for physiological ionic strength and compatibility with most secondary antibodies and enzyme conjugates.
• Use TBS when phosphate can interfere (e.g., with alkaline phosphatase detection or certain metal-dependent interactions).
• Maintain pH 7.2–7.6 to protect binding activity; avoid extremes unless performing elution in affinity steps.

Item-specific note

• Exact formulation and compatible additives for SKU Ab099262 are not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet before altering the buffer environment.

Storage and Reconstitution

Item-specific storage

• Storage conditions: Store at −20 °C (item-specific).
• Handling: Avoid repeated freezing and thawing (item-specific). Aliquot upon first thaw to minimize freeze–thaw cycles.
• Shipping: Ice chest + ice pads (item-specific).

Reconstitution and formulation

• Reconstitution status, buffer composition, concentration, and presence of stabilizers/preservatives: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General guidance (literature; not item-specific)

• If supplied lyophilized: Reconstitute with sterile water or recommended buffer (e.g., PBS) to the stated concentration; let stand 10–15 minutes at room temperature with gentle mixing—do not vortex aggressively.
• If supplied in solution: Upon receipt, briefly centrifuge to collect contents, then aliquot into low-binding tubes. Consider adding carrier protein (e.g., 0.1% BSA) for long-term storage if compatible with downstream assays.
• Storage formats: For −20 °C storage without freezing, 30–50% glycerol is commonly used. For long-term storage without glycerol, keep at −80 °C in small aliquots.
• Avoid microbial contamination; use sterile technique and filter buffers when preparing working dilutions.

Always consult the product’s CoA/Spec Sheet for exact reconstitution instructions and buffer composition specific to SKU Ab099262.

Structure and Identity

This product is an immunoglobulin-based research antibody directed against deoxycytidine kinase (DCK).

• SKU: Ab099262; Product name: DCK Antibody
• Target antigen: DCK (deoxycytidine kinase)
• Category: Antibody (research use only)

Item-specific identifiers

• Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• SMILES / InChI / InChIKey / CAS / CID: Not applicable to antibodies or not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General structural features (immunoglobulins; literature)

• Typical architecture: Two heavy chains and two light chains forming a Y-shaped glycoprotein; disulfide-linked.
• Domains: Variable regions (antigen binding) and constant regions (effector), each with β-sandwich immunoglobulin folds.
• Approximate size: IgG class antibodies are commonly ~150 kDa; Fab fragments ~50 kDa; scFv ~25–30 kDa (literature, not item-specific).
• Post-translational features: May include N-linked glycosylation on Fc (literature, not item-specific).

2D/epitope description (general)

• Antibodies recognize short linear or conformational epitopes on DCK; exact epitope, clonality, and host species are not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Synthetic Utility

Not applicable. This product is a biological antibody reagent and is not employed as a building block, catalyst, or reagent in chemical synthesis.

For researchers integrating biochemical with chemical workflows (general guidance):

• Antibody–conjugate preparation: If conjugation (e.g., HRP, biotin, fluorophores) is desired, standard chemistries target lysine ε-amines (NHS esters) or reduced cysteines (maleimides). Verify buffer is amine-free and contains no competing thiols during conjugation steps. Conjugation readiness and free-amine content for Ab099262 are not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Affinity capture: Antibodies can serve as affinity ligands immobilized on Protein A/G or activated resins for target enrichment; coupling efficiency depends on isotype and buffer composition (general, literature).

No item-specific synthetic or conjugation specifications are provided for SKU Ab099262; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet if modification is planned.

Target Specificity

Item-specific information

• Antigen/Target: DCK (deoxycytidine kinase)
• Species reactivity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Clone/Isotype/Host: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Epitope mapping/Immunogen: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Cross-reactivity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Notes

• This section reflects only what is provided or intrinsically clear from the product name. For verified reactivity profiles and application data, consult the lot-specific datasheet or CoA before use.