Ensitrelvir fumarate - Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO , CAS No.2757470-18-9

CAS: 2757470-18-9 Cat. No.: E1496986 Fórmula: C₂₆H₂₁ClF₃N₉O₆ Peso molecular: 647.95 PubChem CID: 162623410

GRADE & PURITY Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO

Storage

Desiccated,Store at -80°C

Shipped In

Dry ice packs + Cold packs

Visão geral

Ensitrelvir (S-217622) fumarate is the first orally active non-covalent, non-peptidic, SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease inhibitor ( IC 50 =13 nM) .

Specifications

Especificações e pureza

Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO

Condições de armazenamento de armazenamento

Desiccated,Store at -80°C

Enviado em

Dry ice packs + Cold packs

Este produto requer transporte de cadeia fria. Serviços terrestres e outros serviços econômicos não estão disponíveis.

Grau

Moligand™

Tipo de ação

INHIBITOR

Nomes e identificadores

• SMILES isoméricas: CN1C=C2C=C(C(=CC2=N1)Cl)NC3=NC(=O)N(C(=O)N3CC4=CC(=C(C=C4F)F)F)CC5=NN(C=N5)C.C(=C/C(=O)O)\C(=O)O
• PubChem CID: 162623410
• Peso molecular: 647.95

Application Protocols

No tested application protocols are provided in the product data for this SKU.

General research-use guidance (non-validated suggestions; not specifications):

• Stock preparation: Dissolve in anhydrous DMSO to 10–50 mM. Vortex and, if needed, sonicate briefly. Filter (0.2 µm PTFE) to remove particulates.
• Biochemical enzyme assay setup: Serially dilute the DMSO stock in assay buffer to achieve a final DMSO content ≤1% v/v. Include controls for solvent, enzyme-free background, and known reference inhibitors/ligands where applicable.
• Cell-based assays: Prepare intermediate DMSO stocks to minimize DMSO in wells; include cytotoxicity counterscreens and verify compound carryover/adsorption.
• Biophysical binding: For SPR/ITC, match DMSO content between sample and reference channels; verify compound stability in the running buffer over the experiment duration.

For any specific protocol parameters (concentrations, incubation times, temperatures), consult primary literature for your target system. This product is supplied for research use only.

Biological Roles

Item-specific biological annotations are not provided in the product data. The following notes are general and for research context only (no medical or clinical claims):

• Ensitrelvir fumarate is a synthetic, nitrogen-rich heteroaromatic salt designed as a target-directed small-molecule ligand. Such ligands are commonly used as chemical tools to interrogate enzyme active sites and validate biochemical hypotheses in vitro.
• Typical research use cases include probing structure–activity relationships (SAR), mapping binding interactions via mutagenesis and biophysical methods, and serving as a benchmark compound in assay development.
• Fumarate as a counterion: Fumarate is the trans isomer of butenedioic acid, frequently used to form stable, crystalline salts with basic drug-like molecules. In research use, the fumarate anion is generally inert with respect to enzyme binding, serving primarily to modulate solid-state and dissolution properties.
• Metabolism/biotransformation considerations (general): For heteroaromatic, drug-like ligands, common biotransformations in biological matrices include oxidation (phase I) and conjugation (phase II). Such pathways can impact apparent potency in cell-based systems; include stability controls in assay design.

These points are intended to guide experimental planning only. For any target- or mechanism-specific interpretation, consult primary literature and confirm with orthogonal assays.

Buffer Applications

This product is a small-molecule ligand and is not itself a buffering agent. Therefore, classical buffer system guidance (pH ranges, recipes) does not apply.

Practical notes for buffer use with small-molecule ligands (general):

• Prepare assay buffers (e.g., HEPES, PBS, Tris) appropriate to the biological target, and introduce the compound from a DMSO stock to a final DMSO content typically ≤1% v/v to minimize solvent effects.
• Filter and degas buffers to reduce particulate interference in biophysical assays (SPR/ITC) and to improve LC–MS baselines.
• Include detergents (e.g., 0.01–0.05% Tween-20) if aggregation is suspected; verify that additives do not affect target activity.

Item-specific buffering properties, pKa, or pH stability: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and evaluate empirically as needed.

Green Alternatives

While Ensitrelvir fumarate itself is the analyte/ligand of interest (not easily substitutable), greener choices can be made around its use—particularly in solvent selection and workflow design.

Greener solvent considerations (general):

• Prefer water-buffer + minimal DMSO (≤1% v/v) for assays whenever solubility and compound stability permit.
• Use ethanol or isopropanol as co-solvents where compatible, instead of higher-toxicity amide solvents (DMF, NMP).
• For chromatography and sample prep, acetonitrile and ethanol are generally preferred over chlorinated solvents. Optimize gradients to minimize solvent consumption.

Small comparison (general guidance):

• DMSO vs DMF/NMP: DMSO has lower worker exposure risk and better biodegradability profile than NMP; preferred for stocks.
• Acetonitrile vs dichloromethane: ACN offers lower environmental persistence and easier recovery; use ACN/water mobile phases when possible.

Operational greens:

• Prepare concentrated master stocks and aliquot to reduce freeze–thaw and waste.
• Employ microscale assay formats (384/1536-well) to reduce solvent and compound usage.
• Utilize closed autosampler vials with low dead volume inserts to reduce purge/vent losses and evaporative waste.

Trade-offs:

• Higher water content may precipitate hydrophobic salts; a minimal DMSO co-solvent is often necessary. Ensure that greener substitutions do not compromise assay data quality.

Pharmaceutical Uses

Supplied strictly for research use only. No clinical or therapeutic use is intended or permitted.

Formulation-related context (general, non-clinical):

• Fumarate is a common counterion in solid forms of basic small molecules, often improving crystallinity, hygroscopicity profile, and dissolution relative to the corresponding free base (literature). These features can be advantageous for analytical reference standards and pre-formulation research.
• In research settings, compound salt form can affect apparent solubility and stability during analytical method development (e.g., LC–MS assays, dissolution testing in biorelevant media). Confirm the exact stoichiometry (monofumarate vs difumarate) and hydration state from the CoA before calculating molar concentrations.
• Excipients or additional stabilizers for this SKU: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Regulatory note:

• No pharmacopeial monograph or GMP status is implied by the Moligand™ grade listing. For any work that approaches regulated development, additional qualification (identity, purity profile, residual solvents, water content, polymorph/solid form) should be performed and documented.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physicochemical specifications are not provided in the product data for this SKU. Do not treat the following as specifications.

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight (exact): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Melting point, boiling point, density, refractive index: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Solubility (general guidance, literature/practice):
  • Small-molecule fumarate salts of basic amines are typically freely soluble in polar aprotic solvents (DMSO, DMF) and variably soluble in water or aqueous buffers depending on ionic strength and pH.
  • For assay stocks, 10–50 mM solutions in anhydrous DMSO are commonly prepared, followed by dilution into aqueous media with final DMSO ≤1% v/v (general screening practice).
• pKa/logP/logD: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. Literature for related scaffolds indicates basic pKa(s) enabling salt formation and moderate lipophilicity compatible with cell-based assays, but values are structure-dependent and should not be assumed for this SKU.

Note: For any quantitative use (e.g., molarity, LC–MS quantitation), obtain the lot-specific CoA for accurate formula and molecular weight.

Quality and Grades

• Grade/Purity: Moligand™

About Moligand™ (Aladdin discovery-ligand grade):

• Intended for discovery research workflows such as target validation, assay development, and structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies.
• Emphasis on identity confirmation and impurity control suitable for biochemical and biophysical assays (e.g., LC–MS/NMR verification, typical for screening-grade compounds). Specific acceptance criteria for this lot are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

What this means in practice:

• Suitable for creating DMSO screening stocks, orthogonal bioassay readouts, and chromatographic method development.
• If ultra-trace impurity or absorbance control is critical (e.g., quantitative PK analytics, photometric baselines), request or consult the CoA/specification sheet for details such as purity assay method, residual solvents, water content, and UV profile. If not present, consider additional in-house qualification.

Stabilizers/additives:

• None listed. If stabilizers or form-specific hydrates/solvates are present, they would be disclosed on the CoA. For this listing: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Regulatory note:

• Supplied strictly for research use. No pharmacopeial monograph or GMP conformance is implied by the Moligand™ grade.

Reaction and Applications

This product is supplied as a ready-to-use small-molecule research ligand rather than a synthetic reagent. Typical research applications include:

• Reference compound in biochemical assays:
  • Preparation of DMSO stocks for enzyme inhibition, binding, and kinetics studies in target validation workflows. Employ appropriate positive/negative controls and check for assay interference (e.g., fluorescence quenching, aggregation) with orthogonal readouts.
• Biophysical characterization:
  • Use in SPR, ITC, DSF/TM shift, or NMR ligand-observed assays to corroborate binding and rank SAR series. Ensure buffer and DMSO matching between sample and reference cells.
• Cell-based assays:
  • Titrate across multiple logs; maintain consistent DMSO percentage; include viability/toxicity counterscreens. Consider serum binding and uptake effects when interpreting potency shifts from biochemical to cellular systems.
• Analytical method development:
  • Develop and validate LC–MS/MS methods for quantitation in complex matrices (buffers, lysates) using this compound as a calibration standard. Adjust ionization parameters recognizing the presence of a basic center and potential multiple adducts.
• Structural biology aids:
  • Complex formation with protein targets for co-crystallography or cryo-EM ligand identification; confirm compound integrity by LC–MS before setting up trays.

Note: No specific reaction chemistry (e.g., coupling, protection) is typically performed with this finished ligand. If derivatization is required (e.g., probe synthesis), consult structure-specific literature and protect salt-sensitive functionalities accordingly.

Reaction Conditions

Not typically applicable. This product is a finalized small-molecule ligand supplied for assay and analytical use, not for use as a reagent in synthetic reactions.

General experimental conditions for handling in assays (not specifications):

• Stock solutions: Prepare in anhydrous DMSO (e.g., 10–50 mM), filter if necessary (0.2 µm PTFE), and store aliquots at low temperature to minimize degradation.
• Assay temperatures: Perform biochemical assays at temperatures suitable for the target protein (often 20–37 °C). Avoid prolonged exposure of compound solutions to elevated temperatures or light unless stability is verified.
• LC–MS method development: Start with water (0.1% formic acid) / acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid) gradients; monitor protonated molecular ion and common adducts. Adjust source parameters to minimize in-source fragmentation common to nitrogen-rich heteroaromatics.

Any target-specific incubation times, cofactors, or catalytic conditions are outside the scope of this listing and should be sourced from primary literature related to the chosen biological assay.

Safety and Handling

Hazard information for this item is not provided in the product data. Always consult the SDS for authoritative safety guidance.

• GHS classification, pictograms, signal word, and H-statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• General laboratory precautions (good practice):
  • Handle in a chemical fume hood; avoid inhalation of dust/aerosols.
  • Wear appropriate PPE: lab coat, safety glasses, and nitrile gloves.
  • Avoid skin/eye contact; wash thoroughly after handling.
• Storage incompatibilities and stability (general):
  • Protect from moisture; store desiccated as provided. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw of solutions.
  • Strong oxidizers and strong bases/acids can degrade heteroaromatic drug-like compounds; segregate accordingly.
• First aid (overview; defer to SDS):
  • Eye/skin contact: Rinse with water for several minutes; remove contaminated clothing.
  • Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
  • Ingestion: Rinse mouth; seek medical attention.
• Spill/accidental release (small scale): Avoid dust generation; absorb/collect with inert material; dispose via approved chemical waste streams.
• Special risks (general for organic salts): Hygroscopic uptake of moisture can alter mass and concentration; weigh rapidly in low-humidity conditions and record environmental conditions when preparing standards.

Research use only. Not for human or animal use.

Solvent Selection

Ensitrelvir fumarate is a drug-like organic salt. While item-specific solubility is not provided, effective solvent choices can be guided by the physicochemical class.

• Primary stock solvent (practice):
  • DMSO (anhydrous): Preferred for high-concentration stocks (e.g., 10–50 mM), excellent compatibility with biochemical and cell-based assays at final DMSO ≤0.1–1% v/v.
  • DMF or NMP: Alternatives for difficult dissolution; consider cytotoxicity and removal during workup.
• Aqueous handling:
  • Fumarate salts of basic amines often show improved water/buffer solubility relative to free bases (literature). Nevertheless, initial dissolution in DMSO followed by stepwise dilution into buffer minimizes precipitation.
  • Use buffering near neutral pH (6.8–7.6) and include co-solvent (0.1–1% DMSO) to maintain solubilization during assays.
• Volatile, greener co-solvents:
  • Acetonitrile or ethanol can aid method development for LC and sample preparation, balancing volatility with solubility.
• Compatibility profile (general):
  • Miscible with polar aprotic solvents; variable with water depending on ionic strength and counterion stoichiometry.
  • Avoid nonpolar solvents (hexanes) where solubility is typically negligible.

Practical tips:

• Warm gently (≤40 °C) and vortex/sonicate to assist dissolution; avoid prolonged heating.
• Filter 0.2 µm if particles persist. Verify final concentration by UV/LC–MS if quantitative results are required.

Storage and Reconstitution

Item-specific storage and shipping conditions:

• Storage conditions: Desiccated, Store at -80°C (from product data).
• Shipped in: Dry ice packs + Cold packs (from product data).

Additional guidance (general best practice; not a specification):

• Upon receipt, keep the container closed until equilibrated to room temperature in a desiccator to prevent condensation. Reseal promptly after use.
• For long-term use, prepare single-use aliquots of DMSO stock solutions (e.g., 10–50 mM) in tightly sealed, inert vials; store at -80°C protected from light. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles.
• For aqueous working solutions, prepare fresh on the day of use when possible. If storage is required, validate stability at 2–8°C or -20°C and monitor by LC–MS/HLPC.
• Moisture considerations: Organic salts can be hygroscopic, affecting accurate weighing. Use a dry box or desiccated balance enclosure; record mass quickly.

Reconstitution specifics (solvent, volume, concentration): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet or validate empirically for your application.

Structure and Identity

Ensitrelvir fumarate is a small-molecule organic salt pairing the cationic form of Ensitrelvir with the fumarate counterion, supplied as a discovery-grade research ligand.

• Product name: Ensitrelvir fumarate (research grade)
• CAS: 2757470-18-9 (for the fumarate salt)
• PubChem CID: 162623410
• InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Structural features (general, literature-based):

• Ensitrelvir is a heteroaromatic, nitrogen-rich scaffold (triazinone-like pharmacophore reported in literature) bearing lipophilic aryl substituents and H-bonding donors/acceptors typical of protease-targeted ligands. The fumarate counterion (HOOC–CH=CH–COO–) indicates a protonated basic center on the cation.
• Salt form improves crystallinity and often enhances aqueous compatibility relative to the free base (general property of amine–fumarate salts; literature), without altering the core covalent structure of the cation.

2D structure description (general): heteroaromatic ring system with multiple ring nitrogens, attached aryl group(s) (one commonly bearing an electron-withdrawing substituent in literature reports), and a bicyclic/rigid moiety contributing to shape complementarity; paired with the trans-alkenedioate fumarate anion.

Synthetic Utility

Ensitrelvir fumarate is offered as a finished small-molecule ligand, not as a general synthetic building block. As such, it is typically not used as a reagent or intermediate in routine organic synthesis.

Potential research-adjacent uses (general):

• Analytical reference standard for validating synthetic routes toward analogs (SAR). Comparison of retention times, MS/MS fragmentation, and, if available, NMR can support identity confirmation.
• Probe development starting point: With appropriate IP and safety considerations, chemists may design derivatives (e.g., linkers, photoaffinity handles, fluorophores). Such derivatizations require knowledge of the exact structure to avoid disrupting key binding interactions; protect salt-sensitive sites and consider re-salting post-functionalization.

Reactivity notes (general for heteroaromatics and salts):

• The fumarate counterion is non-nucleophilic and primarily impacts solubility/solid state. Core heterocycles bearing multiple nitrogens can be sensitive to strong base and electrophiles; avoid harsh conditions if any modification is attempted.

For classical synthetic transformations (e.g., coupling chemistry, protecting-group strategies), use appropriately functionalized precursors rather than modifying the final ligand.

Target Specificity

Item-specific target information (antigen/epitope/clone/species) is not applicable; this product is a small-molecule research ligand, not an antibody or biologic.

• Target specificity data for this SKU: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and primary literature for the intended biochemical system.
• For research planning: Validate target engagement with orthogonal methods (e.g., enzyme kinetics plus thermal shift; cellular reporter plus CETSA) to confirm on-target activity and exclude assay interference.