Hexachloroethane - 1000μg/ml,in Purge and Trap Methanol , CAS No.67-72-1

CAS: 67-72-1 Cat. No.: H141171 Fórmula: C₂Cl₆ Peso molecular: 236.74 Beilstein Registry Number: 1740341 Número CE: 200-666-4

GRAU & PUREZA 1000μg/ml,in Purge and Trap Methanol

Synonyms

Perchloroethane

Storage

Store at -20°C

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads,FedEx DG Service

Especificações

Sinónimos

Perchloroethane

Especificações e pureza

1000μg/ml,in Purge and Trap Methanol

Condições de armazenamento de armazenamento

Store at -20°C

Enviado em

Ice chest + Ice pads,FedEx DG Service

Este produto requer transporte de cadeia fria. Serviços terrestres e outros serviços econômicos não estão disponíveis.

Nomes e identificadores

SMILES isoméricas

C(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl

WGK Alemanha

3

RTECS

KI4025000

Número UN

2811

Grupo de embalagem

I

Peso molecular

236.74

Beilstein

1740341

Reaxy-Rn

1740341

Reaxys-RN_link_address

https://www.reaxys.com/reaxys/secured/hopinto.do?context=S&query=IDE.XRN=1740341&ln=

Propriedades químicas e físicas

• Ponto de ebulição (°C): 186°C
• Ponto de fusão (°C): 185°C

Application Protocols

No manufacturer-validated biological application protocols (e.g., WB, IHC, IF, FC) apply to this small-molecule reagent. For chemical applications, see the Reaction Conditions and Synthetic Utility sections for literature-style setup guidance. Always adapt protocols to your substrates, scale, and equipment, and consult the SDS for safe handling.

Biological Roles

Hexachloroethane is a synthetic, fully halogenated hydrocarbon and has no natural biological role.

• Endogenous occurrence: None (literature).
• Biochemical interactions (literature/general):
  • Due to high hydrophobicity (log Kow ~3–4), it partitions into lipid phases and may bioaccumulate in organisms exposed environmentally.
  • Metabolic transformation in biota or microbial systems, when it occurs, generally proceeds via reductive dehalogenation yielding lesser-chlorinated ethanes/ethenes.
• Use in biochemical research: Primarily as a model halogenated contaminant for studying reductive dechlorination pathways, electron-transfer processes, and environmental fate.

Note: This product is for research use only. No medical, diagnostic, or therapeutic applications are implied or supported.

Buffer Applications

Not typically applicable. Hexachloroethane is a hydrophobic crystalline solid with negligible water solubility and no acid/base functionality; it is not used to formulate aqueous buffers. For laboratory use, focus on the Reaction & Applications, Synthetic Utility, and Solvent Selection sections.

Green Alternatives

Contextual, literature-based assessment of greener choices for tasks where hexachloroethane might be considered.

• Environmental profile (literature): Persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic to aquatic life; halogenated waste burden is significant. Prefer alternatives where feasible.

Comparison examples (general):

• Task: Radical chlorination or chlorine-donor chemistry

  • Alternative: N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) or tert-butyl hypochlorite
  • Pros: Lower persistence; easier stoichiometric control
  • Cons: Different selectivity/reactivity; light/temperature sensitivity

• Task: Generation of trichloromethyl radicals

  • Alternative: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or chloroform (CHCl3) under photolysis
  • Pros: Liquid handling, established protocols
  • Cons: Toxicity/ozone-depleting concerns (CCl4); still halogenated waste

• Task: Access to perhalogenated ethenes (e.g., C2Cl4)

  • Alternative: Direct procurement of target perhalogenated alkene or catalytic dehalogenation of higher chlorinated streams
  • Pros: Fewer steps and byproducts
  • Cons: May not fit bespoke synthetic needs

General green chemistry guidance:

• Minimize scale; use closed systems and efficient condensation to limit emissions.
• Prefer catalytic over stoichiometric halogen sources when possible.
• Rigorously segregate halogenated waste and explore solvent recycling.

Pharmaceutical Uses

Not typically applicable as an excipient or processing aid in pharmaceutical formulations due to hydrophobicity, persistence, and toxicity concerns (literature/general). If used in process research (e.g., as a model halogenated substrate), ensure complete removal and appropriate analytical controls. No pharmacopeial monograph is indicated for this item; consult regulatory guidelines before any GMP-related consideration.

Physical Properties

Item-specific specifications are not provided for this listing; values below are literature/general for hexachloroethane and should be treated as typical, not as product specifications.

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Melting point (literature): ~185–187 °C (sublimes near mp)
• Boiling point (literature): Decomposes/sublimes before a clear normal boil; reported bp ~187–190 °C is associated with sublimation/decomposition
• Density (literature): ~2.0–2.2 g/cm³ at 20–25 °C (solid)
• Vapor pressure (literature): Low at ambient temperature; increases near sublimation temperature
• Solubility (literature):
  • Water: Very low (practically insoluble)
  • Organic: Soluble in chlorinated solvents (e.g., CH2Cl2, CHCl3), aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene), and moderately soluble in ethers/alcohols
• Log Kow (literature): ~3–4 (indicative of hydrophobicity and potential bioaccumulation)
• Refractive index: Not applicable for a crystalline solid (literature values generally reported for melts/solutions)
• pKa: Not applicable (non-ionizable under normal conditions)

Note: Do not construe literature values as guaranteed specifications. For exact quality control limits, consult the product CoA/Specification Sheet.

Quality and Grades

• Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

What the absence of a declared grade implies:

• Without a stated “ACS/AR” or “HPLC” grade, performance attributes such as UV cutoffs, metal ion limits, stabilizers, and tight impurity profiles are not implied. Please consult the CoA for the specific lot to obtain numerical purity and impurity profiles.

General guidance on grades relevant to hexachloroethane (context/literature):

• Analytical/ACS grade typically ensures low inorganic residue and well-defined assay by GC.
• “Synthetic” or “technical” grades may be adequate for non-critical transformations but can contain trace chlorinated byproducts (e.g., pentachloroethane, tetrachloroethylenes) or residual solvents.
• Low-UV or “HPLC” grades (if offered) would target minimal absorbance in the 200–300 nm region for chromatographic uses. Not specified for this item.

Stabilizers:

• Hexachloroethane generally does not require stabilizers. Any stabilizer used (if present) would be disclosed on the CoA/label. Not specified for this item.

Recommendation:

• For quantitative or mechanistically sensitive work (e.g., radical chemistry kinetics), verify assay by GC/GC–MS and water content by KF, as applicable.

Reaction and Applications

Literature/research uses of hexachloroethane (C2Cl6) as a reagent or substrate (not item-specific claims):

• Radical chlorine source and trichloromethyl generation:
  • Under photolysis (hv) or radical initiators (e.g., AIBN, peroxides), C2Cl6 can homolytically cleave to generate •CCl3, enabling radical additions to alkenes or initiation of chlorination chains.
• Dechlorination to perhaloalkenes:
  • Reductive dechlorination (e.g., Zn, Fe, or Cu powders; sometimes with alcohols or amide bases) converts C2Cl6 to tetrachloroethylene (C2Cl4) and related species. This is used synthetically to access perhalogenated ethenes.
• In situ chlorine transfer/chlorination auxiliaries:
  • In combination with Lewis acids or transition-metal catalysts, hexachloroethane can act as a chlorine donor for selective chlorination in specific systems (method-dependent; consult primary literature).
• Model compound in environmental and mechanistic studies:
  • Serves as a benchmark substrate for investigating reductive dehalogenation, electron-transfer mechanisms, and remediation catalysis.

Practical tips (general):

• Ensure dry, oxygen-free conditions for radical or reductive transformations to avoid quenching.
• Control temperature carefully near the melting/sublimation range; use jacketed vessels or oil baths.
• Monitor by GC/GC–MS to resolve mixtures of C2Cl6, C2Cl5H (if formed), and dechlorinated products (C2Cl4, C2Cl3H, etc.).

Note: Hexachloroethane is not a common electrophile for SN1/SN2 due to strong –I effects and the stability of C–Cl bonds in the CCl3 group.

Reaction Conditions

General, literature-informed conditions where hexachloroethane is employed (guidance only; optimize per system):

• Radical initiation/trichloromethylation:

  • Solvent: Toluene, chlorobenzene, CH2Cl2
  • Initiation: UV/visible photolysis or thermal initiator (e.g., AIBN, benzoyl peroxide)
  • Temperature: 25–90 °C depending on initiator and substrate
  • Atmosphere: Inert (N2/Ar)
  • Notes: Control light intensity to limit over-chlorination; use radical inhibitors (e.g., TEMPO) in controls to probe mechanism.

• Reductive dechlorination to tetrachloroethylene (C2Cl4):

  • Reagents: Activated Zn dust or Fe powder (stoichiometric)
  • Solvent: Ethanol, DMF, or DMA; sometimes with ammonium salts as promoters
  • Temperature: Reflux (e.g., 60–150 °C depending on solvent)
  • Workup: Quench cautiously; halide salts and metal residues require appropriate disposal. Monitor by GC for C2Cl6 → C2Cl4 progression.

• Lewis acid-assisted chlorine transfer (method-dependent):

  • Catalysts: SbCl3/SbCl5, AlCl3 (reported for specific substrates)
  • Conditions: Low to moderate temperatures; anhydrous media
  • Caution: Strongly corrosive systems; ensure materials compatibility and rigorous exclusion of moisture.

Expected yields: Highly substrate- and method-dependent; consult primary literature for target transformations. Always conduct small-scale trials before scale-up.

Safety and Handling

• GHS classification, signal word, H-statements, and pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to the product SDS for authoritative information.
• General hazards (literature/typical for heavily chlorinated ethanes):
  • Harmful if ingested or inhaled; may cause irritation to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.
  • Thermal decomposition can release corrosive/toxic hydrogen chloride and chlorine-containing gases.
• Recommended PPE: Laboratory coat, chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile), splash goggles; use in a fume hood to prevent inhalation of dust/vapors.
• Handling notes:
  • Avoid dust generation; minimize airborne particulates.
  • Prevent heating above melting point unless controlled; avoid contact with open flames, hot surfaces, or UV sources that could induce radical reactions.
  • Keep away from strong bases, strong nucleophiles, finely divided/reactive metals, strong reducing agents, and strong oxidizers.
• First-aid overview (summary; defer to SDS):
  • Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
  • Skin/eye contact: Rinse thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing; obtain medical advice.
  • Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical attention.
• Spill/accidental release: Avoid breathing dust; collect solids by gentle sweeping or HEPA vacuum; place in compatible container for disposal per local regulations.
• Waste: Treat as halogenated organic waste; segregate from non-halogenated streams.

Solvent Selection

This product is a solid halogenated hydrocarbon rather than a solvent. Selection focuses on choosing an appropriate solvent to dissolve or suspend hexachloroethane for reactions, crystallizations, or analyses.

• Polarity/miscibility (literature):
  • Strongly nonpolar and hydrophobic; essentially insoluble in water.
  • Soluble in chlorinated solvents (CH2Cl2, CHCl3), aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene, xylene), and moderately in ethers (THF, diethyl ether) and higher alcohols.
• Practical choices by use case:
  • Reaction medium for radical chemistry: Chlorinated solvents (e.g., CH2Cl2) or aromatic solvents (toluene) under inert atmosphere help manage radical propagation; avoid protic media if H-atom transfer is undesired.
  • Recrystallization: Hot ethanol or isopropanol may dissolve; upon cooling, hexachloroethane typically crystallizes well. Alternatively, use toluene or ethyl acetate/hexane mixtures, optimizing by small-scale trials.
  • Analytical prep: For GC, dissolve in nonpolar solvents like iso-octane or hexane; for HPLC (if needed), use acetonitrile or methanol with caution (limited solubility) or CH3CN/CH2Cl2 blends.
• Comparison (literature, qualitative):
  • Versus CCl4: Lower volatility and solid handling advantages; similar hydrophobicity.
  • Versus 1,2-dichloroethane: Lower solvency power but easier isolation as a crystallizable solid.

Always verify compatibility of selected solvent with downstream steps and waste segregation rules for halogenated organics.

Storage and Reconstitution

• Storage conditions (item-specific): Store at -20 °C.
• Shipped in (item-specific): Ice chest + ice pads; FedEx DG Service.
• Container: Keep tightly closed in a clean, dry, chemically compatible container (e.g., amber glass) to minimize contamination and light-induced reactions.
• Atmosphere: Store under ambient inert atmosphere if possible for long-term stability; minimize exposure to strong light/UV to avoid radical initiation.
• Stability (general): Hexachloroethane is typically stable at room temperature in the dark; avoid prolonged heating near its melting/sublimation point to prevent decomposition.
• Reconstitution/dissolution (general):
  • To prepare solutions, choose compatible organic solvents (e.g., CH2Cl2, toluene, THF) and warm gently if needed to aid dissolution; do not exceed temperatures that risk decomposition.
  • Filter solutions through PTFE syringe filters (0.2–0.45 µm) to remove particulates before analytical use.
• Freeze–thaw: As a solid, it is not sensitive to freeze–thaw cycling; however, keep desiccated to prevent clumping and to maintain consistent weighing.
• Research use note (item-specific): For research use only.

Structure and Identity

Hexachloroethane is a perhalogenated ethane featuring two trichloromethyl groups linked by a central C–C bond.

• SKU: H141171
• Product name: Hexachloroethane
• CAS: 67-72-1
• CID: 6214
• Category: Halogenated hydrocarbon (perchloroalkane)
• Structural features (general):
  • Consists of two equivalent CCl3 groups (symmetrical CCl3–CCl3)
  • All hydrogens on ethane are replaced by chlorine; no stereocenters; achiral
  • Highly electron-withdrawing environment around the central C–C bond
• Molecular formula (literature): C2Cl6
• Molecular weight (literature): ~236.74 g/mol
• SMILES (literature): ClC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl
• InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• 2D structure (verbal): Two tetrahedral carbon centers connected by a single bond; each carbon bears three chlorine atoms arranged approximately tetrahedrally, giving an overall compact, symmetrical haloalkane.

Synthetic Utility

Literature/general view of hexachloroethane’s value in synthesis:

• Functional group characteristics:
  • Two strongly deactivating trichloromethyl groups bound to a central C–C bond; C–Cl bonds are robust toward ionic substitution but susceptible to radical cleavage.
• Representative transformations:
  • Radical additions/initiations: Photolytic or thermally initiated cleavage generates •CCl3 radicals for chain processes and additions to alkenes/alkynes.
  • Reductive dechlorination: Metals (Zn, Fe, Cu) or catalytic systems (e.g., Pd/Ni with reductants) afford stepwise dechlorination to C2Cl4 and beyond.
  • Chlorine transfer: Serves as a chlorine reservoir in certain Lewis acid-catalyzed chlorinations (method-specific; consult primary sources).
• Retrosynthetic utility:
  • As a starting point for constructing perhalogenated ethenes or as a radical precursor that can install trichloromethyl fragments transiently before further elaboration (e.g., conversion to carbonyls after radical addition when using alternate precursors).
• Compatibility considerations:
  • Poor nucleofugality limits classical substitution; design strategies around radical or electron-transfer manifolds.
  • Select solvents that dissolve C2Cl6 and withstand radical conditions (e.g., toluene, CH2Cl2), and consider light control (filters) to manage initiation rates.

Target Specificity

Not applicable. This product is a small-molecule reagent, not a biological targeting agent or antibody. No antigens, epitopes, species reactivity, clone, or isotype information applies.