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Comprovação documental
Citado em 0 publicações revisadas por pares nas áreas de cromatografia, síntese orgânica e reações de acoplamento cruzado.
Visão geral
Tr-PEG5 is a PEG derivative containing a trityl, alcohol protecting group and a terminal hydroxyl group. Trityl can be removed under acidic conditions. The hydroxyl group can undergo various reactions in order to further derivatize the compound. The hydrophilic PEG linkers increase the solubility of compounds in aqueous media.
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as triphenyl compounds. These are aromatic compounds containing a triphenyl moiety.
External Descriptors
Not available
1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.
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Revisões
Avaliações dos Clientes
Application Protocols
Not applicable.
No validated bioassay protocols (e.g., WB, IHC, IF, FC) are provided or expected for this materials-science PEG linker.
For synthetic or surface-modification workflows, follow standard protocols appropriate to the actual end groups (not specified here) and consult literature precedents for PEG oligomers of similar functionality.
Biological Roles
General background (literature; not item-specific)
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) segments are widely used as inert, hydrophilic spacers that reduce protein adsorption and minimize nonspecific interactions at biological interfaces ("stealth" characteristics). Short PEG oligomers (e.g., PEG5) modulate local hydration and flexibility while adding minimal mass.
In bioconjugation and materials biology, PEG linkers separate bioactive motifs from surfaces or cores (nanoparticles, microparticles) to improve accessibility and reduce steric hindrance.
PEG chains influence phase behavior (cloud point), macromolecular crowding, and partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems. Short oligomers contribute primarily to hydration shell structuring rather than bulk crowding.
Caveats
End-group chemistry governs biological compatibility and reactivity. Since Tr-PEG5 end groups are not specified, do not assume it is suitable for live-cell or in vivo experiments without validation and appropriate safety review. Use is restricted to research applications.
Item-specific biological roles
Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet for any characterization relevant to biointerface work (e.g., residual metals/solvents, endotoxin where applicable).
Note
No medical or clinical claims are made. This product is intended strictly for research use only (per Product Data).
Buffer Applications
Relevance
PEG polymers are sometimes used as crowding agents or precipitants in biochemical buffers (e.g., protein crystallization). However, short PEG oligomers such as PEG5 generally lack the high molecular weight required for effective macromolecular crowding.
Guidance (general, literature)
If the goal is to adjust solvent polarity or reduce nonspecific adsorption on surfaces or probes, low-mass PEG oligomers can be included as additives, but their effect is subtle compared to PEG 3–8 kDa and above.
For crowding/precipitation applications, select higher MW PEG (typically ≥1–4 kDa) at defined w/w% in buffers like HEPES, Tris, or phosphate. Tr-PEG5 would not be a typical choice for this purpose.
Item-specific buffer instructions
Not specified for this item; no validated buffer systems are provided. Consult the CoA/Spec Sheet if buffer compatibility testing has been performed.
Practical note
If employing PEG5 derivatives to modulate surface interactions (e.g., blocking), pretest at low mM concentrations and evaluate interference with assay readouts. End-group identity (not specified here) dictates stability in common buffer pH ranges.
Green Alternatives
Context
PEG-based linkers are often favored over hydrophobic spacers to improve aqueous compatibility and reduce reliance on hazardous organic solvents during processing. The greener choice depends on application and available end groups.
Comparison (general, literature-based)
PEG vs hydrocarbon spacers
Environmental profile: PEGs are typically low volatility and have favorable worker exposure profiles compared to many volatile organic compounds.
Solvent use: PEG linkers can enable water-rich formulations, reducing VOCs.
Tradeoffs: Energy may be required for drying (hygroscopic); end-group synthesis can involve halogenated reagents.
PEG vs PPG (polypropylene glycol)
PEG offers greater hydrophilicity and water miscibility; PPG provides more hydrophobic character and may improve compatibility with nonpolar phases.
Toxicological data generally favor PEG for bioconjugation contexts; selection is application-driven.
Bio-based alternatives
Poly(glycerol), polypeptoids, or polysaccharide-derived spacers (e.g., dextran fragments) can be considered where biodegradability or renewably sourced content is prioritized.
Greener process tips (applicable to PEG oligomers)
Use water or water/ethanol where possible for processing and cleanup.
Prefer catalytic coupling strategies (e.g., enzymatic esterification) when compatible with end groups.
Minimize protecting-group manipulations by selecting pre-functionalized PEG linkers.
Note: Without item-specific end-group information for Tr-PEG5, selection of a greener alternative should focus on the required functionality and targeted solvent system.
Pharmaceutical Uses
Scope
No pharmacopeial status, excipient grade, or GMP information is provided for this item. The following content outlines general roles of PEG-based linkers in pharmaceutical R&D (not clinical claims).
General formulation/manufacturing roles (literature)
Surface modification: PEG segments are used to adjust wettability and reduce fouling on device or particle surfaces.
Conjugation spacer: As part of R&D, PEG linkers can distance APIs from carriers (polymers, lipids) to tune release or targeting in preclinical research.
Solubilization aid: Short PEG oligomers may act as co-solvents/cosurfactants in experimental formulations, though higher MW PEGs are more common as excipients.
Constraints
Without item-specific grade, endotoxin, residual solvent, or bioburden data, Tr-PEG5 should be treated strictly as a research-use reagent, not for human or veterinary use.
Item-specific statement
Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Research Use Note: For research use only (per Product Data).
Physical Properties
Item-specific values
Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular Weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Other specifications (mp/bp/density/RI/UV cutoff/water/peroxide/metals): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
General/literature characteristics for PEG oligomers (n ≈ 5) — for context only
Physical state: Typically waxy solid to viscous liquid depending on exact end groups and purity; PEG oligomers are often low-melting and hygroscopic.
Solubility: High miscibility with water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile, DMSO, DMF; limited solubility in nonpolar hydrocarbons. Solubility can be reduced or enhanced by hydrophobic/hydrophilic end-groups (literature).
Polarity: Strong hydrogen-bond acceptor; high dielectric response typical of polyethers (literature).
Partitioning: PEG oligomers generally exhibit low logP and high hydrophilicity; actual values depend on end groups (literature).
Thermal behavior: No sharp boiling point (decomposes/evaporates over a range); glass transition and softening depend on chain length and capping groups (literature).
Important
Do not use the above general values as specifications for this catalog item. For experimental planning, consult the product’s CoA/SDS for definitive, item-specific data.
Quality and Grades
Item-specific status
Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Guidance on grades for PEG-based materials (general)
Research grade: Suitable for general laboratory use where trace impurities and exact MW distribution are not critical.
High-purity/bioconjugation grade: Lower residual solvents/metals and tighter control of polydispersity; often accompanied by detailed analytical characterization (NMR, GPC/SEC, HPLC, water content).
Chromatography/LC grade solvents are not applicable here; for polymeric linkers, “>95%” often refers to the major oligomer or functionalized species but may still include neighboring PEG lengths. Always verify how purity is defined (by HPLC, NMR, or mass balance).
Stabilizers and additives
Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. Some PEG derivatives are shipped with antioxidants or acid scavengers depending on end-group sensitivity—confirm in documentation before critical applications.
What to check on the CoA
Identity confirmation: 1H/13C NMR, MALDI-TOF/ESI-MS for average MW, IR (C–O–C stretches), and where relevant, functional end-group signals.
Water content: Karl Fischer moisture may be important for moisture-sensitive coupling chemistry.
Residual solvents and metals: Especially important for electronics/materials applications. If not listed, request a detailed spec.
Reaction and Applications
Scope (based on general PEG5 linker behavior; item-specific functional groups are unknown)
Materials science: Short PEG linkers are broadly used to modulate hydrophilicity, reduce nonspecific adsorption, and tailor interfacial properties in coatings, self-assembled monolayers, and nanoparticle surface modification.
Supramolecular/host–guest systems: PEG spacers tune distance and flexibility between functional motifs in foldamers and multivalent ligands.
Polymer chemistry: Acts as a spacer or macroinitiator component when properly functionalized (e.g., with halides/azides/alcohols; not specified for this item).
General laboratory transformations for PEG segments (literature; verify end groups before use)
End-group activation: Hydroxyl-terminated PEGs can be converted to tosylates/mesylates for nucleophilic substitution; carbamate or carbonate formation provides protective or cleavable linkers.
Click chemistry: Azide/alkyne-terminated PEGs participate in CuAAC or SPAAC for rapid bioconjugation.
Ester/amide couplings: Carboxyl- or NHS-activated PEGs couple to amines/alcohols under mild conditions.
Practical tips
Drying: Thoroughly dry PEG materials (vacuum at ambient to 40 °C) prior to moisture-sensitive couplings; PEGs are hygroscopic.
Stoichiometry and polydispersity: Expect a distribution around the nominal “5-mer”; adjust equivalents accordingly and confirm by MS/NMR when precise stoichiometry is critical.
Purification: Precipitation into cold ethers or hexanes from polar solvents often removes small-molecule reagents and salts; size-exclusion or dialysis may be used for larger constructs.
Important: The precise reactivity of Tr-PEG5 depends on its actual terminal functionality, which is not provided here. Consult the CoA/Spec Sheet before planning specific chemistries.
Reaction Conditions
Item-specific, validated conditions
Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and SDS.
General conditions for common PEG-linker transformations (literature; apply only if end groups match)
Tosylation/mesylation of PEG–OH: TsCl or MsCl, Et3N or pyridine, 0–25 °C, 2–12 h in DCM/THF; typical isolated yields 70–90% with dry conditions.
Nucleophilic displacement of PEG–OTs: NaN3, DMF, 60–90 °C, 6–24 h (azide introduction); alternative nucleophiles as required.
Carbonate formation (PEG–OH → PEG–OCO2–R): CDI or p‑nitrophenyl chloroformate, 0–25 °C in DCM/ACN; subsequent coupling to amines under mild base.
Carbamate/urethane couplings: Isocyanates with PEG–OH at 0–25 °C; or activated carbamates coupling to amines with DIPEA in DMF.
CuAAC (for azide/alkyne PEGs): CuSO4/sodium ascorbate in t‑BuOH/H2O or DMF/H2O, rt–40 °C, 1–6 h; typical conversions >90%.
Workup/purification
Removal of salts/catalysts by precipitation into cold ether/MTBE from DMF/DMSO solutions, followed by filtration and vacuum drying.
For small PEG oligomers, flash chromatography on silica with MeOH/DCM or MeOH/EtOAc gradients can be effective; add base (e.g., 0.1% NEt3) if acidic tails lead to streaking.
Reminder
Only implement conditions compatible with the actual terminal functionality of Tr-PEG5, which is not specified here.
Safety and Handling
GHS classification and hazard statements
Signal Word: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
H-Statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
GHS Classification & Pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
General safety considerations for PEG oligomers and functionalized PEGs (literature/good practice)
Expected hazards: Many PEGs are of low acute toxicity; however, functional end groups (not specified here) can introduce irritation or sensitization risks. Always treat as potentially harmful until SDS is reviewed.
PPE: Wear lab coat, safety glasses, and appropriate chemically resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile). Avoid inhalation of dust/aerosols and contact with eyes/skin.
Handling: Hygroscopic nature is common—work quickly under dry conditions. If the material is a low-melting solid or viscous liquid, warm gently to homogenize before aliquoting, avoiding overheating.
Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers may react with polyethers at elevated temperature; avoid strong acids/bases if end groups are acid-/base-labile (general guidance).
Peroxide formation: Polyethers are generally less prone than ethers like THF, but long-term storage, heat, and air can promote oxidative degradation; store cold and under inert atmosphere when possible.
First aid (overview; defer to SDS): Rinse eyes/skin with water for at least 15 minutes upon contact; remove contaminated clothing. If inhaled, move to fresh air. If ingested, rinse mouth—seek medical attention in all cases.
Storage/transport (item-specific)
Storage Conditions: Store at −20°C (per Product Data).
This item is a PEG-derived material; exact end groups are not provided. The guidance below reflects typical PEG oligomer behavior and should be verified experimentally for this item.
Polarity and miscibility (general, literature)
PEG oligomers are highly polar and typically miscible with water and many polar organics (MeOH, EtOH, acetone, acetonitrile, DMF, DMSO). Solubility often decreases in aliphatic hydrocarbons and increases in etheric and polar aprotic media.
Dielectric environment: Solvents with moderate-to-high dielectric constant enhance PEG solvation via ether–dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding (as acceptors).
Selection tips
For dissolution/preparative work: Start with MeOH/EtOH, ACN, acetone, or water (if end groups tolerate). For strictly anhydrous transformations, dry DMF, DMSO, or CH3CN are common choices.
To precipitate or phase-transfer: Anti-solvents like MTBE, diethyl ether, or hexanes can precipitate PEG oligomers from polar solutions; effectiveness depends on end groups and concentration.
For analytical cleanup: Cold diethyl ether or MTBE washes can remove nonpolar impurities from PEG-rich residues.
Comparison snapshot (general)
Water: Maximizes hydrophilic interactions; fastest dissolution for hydrophilic caps.
ACN/acetone: Good volatility for workup; maintain PEG solubility while enabling rapid evaporation.
DMF/DMSO: Highest solvating power; preferred for coupling reactions but harder to remove.
Note: Because this item’s precise termini are not specified, test small-scale solubility before committing to a process solvent.
Storage and Reconstitution
Storage (item-specific)
Store at −20 °C (per Product Data).
Shipped in an ice chest with ice pads (per Product Data) to maintain cold chain.
General handling for PEG oligomers (literature/good practice)
Hygroscopicity: Many PEG derivatives are hygroscopic. Minimize exposure to ambient humidity; keep container tightly closed. Consider storage under inert gas with desiccant.
Thermal behavior: If the material is waxy/viscous, warm gently (e.g., to 25–40 °C) to liquefy before aliquoting. Avoid prolonged heating that may accelerate oxidation.
Aliquoting: Prepare single-use aliquots to reduce freeze–thaw and moisture uptake.
Reconstitution
Solvents: For dissolution, begin with polar solvents such as water, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, acetone, DMF, or DMSO, depending on end-group stability. For moisture-sensitive end groups, use rigorously anhydrous solvents.
Concentration: Prepare stock solutions at convenient concentrations (e.g., 10–100 mM for defined-mass oligomers) only after confirming molecular weight and end-group stoichiometry—both are not specified for this item.
Filtration: If particulate matter is present, filter through PTFE or PES (0.2–0.45 µm) compatible with chosen solvent.
Shelf-life and specifications
Stability limits, water content, and assay/purity acceptance criteria: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and SDS.
Note
For research use only (per Product Data). Always consult the CoA/SDS for authoritative guidance specific to this catalog item.
Structure and Identity
Brief overview: Tr-PEG5 is listed under materials-science reagents. PEG5 generally denotes an oligomeric polyethylene glycol segment containing five ethylene oxide (–CH2–CH2–O–) repeat units; however, the exact end group(s) implied by “Tr-” are not specified in the provided data.
Item-specific identifiers (from Product Data)
SKU: T596770
Product Name: Tr-PEG5
CAS: 125274-16-0
CID: 11546599
InChIKey: 249081 (as provided)
SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular Formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular Weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Structural features (general, literature-based for PEG oligomers)
Backbone: Repeating ethylene oxide units –(CH2–CH2–O)–n– with n ≈ 5 for “PEG5”.
End groups: Not specified for this item; “Tr-” could denote a specific protecting group or functional cap, but no definitive assignment is possible from the provided data.
Functional motifs: Ether linkages (polyether). No stereogenic centers in the PEG backbone; overall flexible, conformationally dynamic chain.
2D structure description (general, for PEG segments)
Linear chain of alternating –CH2–CH2– units separated by oxygen atoms, terminating in undefined end groups. The polymeric ether oxygen atoms confer strong hydrogen-bond acceptor ability and high polarity relative to hydrocarbon chains.
Notes
Because end-group identity is not provided, do not ascribe specific reactive handles or protection patterns to this item without consulting the CoA/Spec Sheet.
Synthetic Utility
Overview (general for PEG5 linkers; end groups for this item are not specified)
Functional role: A short, flexible, hydrophilic spacer that increases aqueous compatibility, modulates steric environment, and separates reactive or recognition elements in multifunctional molecules and surfaces.
Key transformations and strategies (literature examples)
Nucleophilic substitution: Hydroxyl-terminated PEGs can be converted to sulfonates (OTs/OMs) and displaced by nucleophiles (N3, I, CN, SR, NR2) to introduce functionality.
Carbonyl chemistry: Formation of PEG carbonates/carbamates/urethanes provides cleavable or stable linkages to alcohols/amines.
Click and ligation platforms: Azide/alkyne-terminated PEGs engage in CuAAC/SPAAC; thiol-ene additions proceed under radical conditions when vinyl/allyl termini are present.
Surface grafting: Silane-, thiol-, or phosphonic-acid-capped PEGs enable grafting to SiO2, Au, and metal oxide surfaces; short PEGs like PEG5 maintain thin coatings with reduced steric bulk.
Design considerations
Chain length: PEG5 provides ~2–2.5 nm contour length (literature estimate) in extended conformations; effective spacing in solution is shorter due to coil statistics.
Polydispersity: Commercial PEG oligomers may include neighboring n values; confirm distribution if precise spacing is critical (MALDI/NMR).
Caution
The specific reactivity of Tr-PEG5 depends entirely on its terminal groups, which are not provided here. Verify end-group identity/stoichiometry before planning syntheses.
Target Specificity
Not applicable.
This product is a materials-science PEG linker, not an antibody or affinity reagent. No antigen/epitope, clone, isotype, or species reactivity information applies.
Item-specific targeting data: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet if any affinity tags or recognition motifs are present (none indicated).
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