4-(2,6-Difluorophenyl)piperidine - ≥95% , CAS No.1019373-70-6

CAS: 1019373-70-6 Cat. No.: D1294090 Fórmula: C₁₁H₁₃F₂N Peso molecular: 197.22

GRADE & PURITY ≥95%

Storage

Room temperature

Shipped In

Normal

Specifications

Especificaciones y pureza

≥95%

Condiciones de almacenamiento de almacenamiento

Room temperature

Enviado en

Normal

Pureza

≥95%

Nombres e identificadores

Sonrisas canónicas

C1CNCCC1C2=C(C=CC=C2F)F

IUPAC Name

4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)piperidine

InChIKey

XFFWJDKGTLXWRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

INCHI

1S/C11H13F2N/c12-9-2-1-3-10(13)11(9)8-4-6-14-7-5-8/h1-3,8,14H,4-7H2

Peso molecular

197.22

Taxonomic Classification

Taxonomy Tree

• Kingdom Organic compounds
  • Superclass Organoheterocyclic compounds
    • Clase Piperidines
      • Subclass Phenylpiperidines

• Kingdom: Organic compounds
• Superclass: Organoheterocyclic compounds
• Clase: Piperidines
• Subclass: Phenylpiperidines
• Intermediate Tree Nodes: Not available
• Direct Parent: Phenylpiperidines
• Alternative Parents: Fluorobenzenes Aralkylamines Aryl fluorides Dialkylamines Azacyclic compounds Organofluorides Hydrocarbon derivatives
• Molecular Framework: Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
• Substituents: Phenylpiperidine - Fluorobenzene - Halobenzene - Aralkylamine - Aryl fluoride - Aryl halide - Monocyclic benzene moiety - Benzenoid - Secondary aliphatic amine - Azacycle - Secondary amine - Organofluoride - Organohalogen compound - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organic nitrogen compound - Amine - Organonitrogen compound - Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
• Descripción: This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpiperidines. These are compounds containing a phenylpiperidine skeleton, which consists of a piperidine bound to a phenyl group.
• External Descriptors: Not available

Data sources

1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.

DOI: 10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y

Propiedades químicas y físicas

• Peso molecular: 197.220 g/mol
• XLogP3: 2.200
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
• Rotatable Bond Count: 1
• Exact Mass: 197.102 Da
• Monoisotopic Mass: 197.102 Da
• Topological Polar Surface Area: 12.000 Ų
• Heavy Atom Count: 14
• Formal Charge: 0
• Complexity: 170.000
• Isotope Atom Count: 0
• Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
• Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
• Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
• Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
• The total count of all stereochemical bonds: 0
• Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

Application Protocols

No application protocols (e.g., WB, IHC, IF, FC) are applicable to this small-molecule reagent.

• Item-specific tested applications, recommended dilutions, positive controls: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Practical tips for laboratory use (general):

• Prepare concentrated stock solutions for parallel synthesis (e.g., 0.5–1.0 M in DCM, THF, or MeCN) to streamline acylation/sulfonylation campaigns.
• For bioassays, prepare DMSO stocks (e.g., 10–100 mM), filter through 0.22 µm PTFE, and dilute into assay buffer; confirm compound compatibility with plastics and final DMSO content.

Biological Roles

• Item-specific biological/biochemical roles: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. The product is supplied strictly for research use only.

• Literature/general context (no clinical claims)

  • Piperidine is a prevalent motif in natural products and bioactive small molecules due to its basicity and conformational properties. Incorporation of a 2,6-difluorophenyl group can modulate lipophilicity, conformation, and metabolic stability in lead optimization.
  • As a discrete small molecule secondary amine, 4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)piperidine does not have a defined endogenous biological role. Any biological activity arises from context-specific derivatization (e.g., as part of larger drug-like frameworks) or from non-specific amine interactions at high concentrations.
  • Protonation state affects membrane permeability and target engagement in medicinal chemistry models: the conjugate acid of piperidines typically has pKaH around 10–11 (literature), meaning partial protonation at physiological pH and pH-dependent distribution (logD).
  • Fluorination at ortho positions can bias aryl ring orientation via weak intramolecular interactions and may reduce oxidative metabolism on the ring (general medicinal chemistry principle), which is often exploited during structure–activity relationship (SAR) campaigns.

• Laboratory handling and bioassay considerations (general)

  • For in vitro assays, prepare stock solutions in DMSO or ethanol and dilute into buffer minimizing final organic content (<1–2% v/v typical). Adjust pH to keep the compound in the desired protonation state.
  • Adsorptive losses to plastics may occur with lipophilic amines; prefer glass vials for concentrated stocks.

Buffer Applications

This compound is not used as a buffering agent. It lacks a conjugate acid/base pair suitable for maintaining a narrow pH window in aqueous media under typical buffer concentrations.

• Practical notes (general)
  • If present in aqueous systems (e.g., bioassays), its secondary amine will be partially protonated near neutral pH and can contribute minor, uncontrolled buffering capacity. Do not rely on it for pH control.
  • Use standard laboratory buffers (e.g., phosphate, HEPES, MOPS, acetate) to control pH. Select the buffer based on your assay pH and ionic strength requirements.
  • For solubilization, forming a defined salt (e.g., hydrochloride) can greatly increase aqueous solubility; prepare and standardize separately rather than attempting to use it as a buffer component.

Green Alternatives

As a building block, the compound itself is not readily substituted. Improvements in sustainability focus on solvent/base choices and process intensification when using 4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)piperidine.

• Greener solvent swaps (literature guidance)

  • Replace chlorinated solvents (DCM, CHCl3) with EtOAc, MeTHF/2-MeTHF, CPME, or toluene where feasible.
  • Minimize use of dipolar aprotics (DMF, DMAc, NMP); consider MeCN, propylene carbonate, diglyme, or 2-MeTHF as alternatives depending on reaction class.

• Typical greener choices by reaction type

  • Acylation/sulfonylation: EtOAc or 2-MeTHF with organic bases (DIPEA, Et3N); aqueous-organic biphasic systems with carbonate bases to capture HCl are effective and reduce stoichiometric amine salts.
  • Reductive amination: ethanol or 2-propanol with NaBH3CN alternatives such as NaBH(OAc)3; or catalytic hydrogenation in ethanol with Pd/C.
  • Buchwald–Hartwig N-arylation: toluene, 2-MeTHF, or CPME; heterogeneous bases (K3PO4, Cs2CO3) and lower Pd loadings with modern ligands reduce metal footprint.

• Comparison (illustrative)

  • DCM vs. EtOAc: EtOAc offers lower toxicity, biodegradability, and favorable life-cycle metrics while often providing comparable rates for acylations.
  • DMF vs. MeCN/2-MeTHF: MeCN/2-MeTHF generally ease workup and reduce environmental burden; check solubility and base compatibility.

• Process intensification

  • Flow chemistry for exothermic acylations or alkylations can enhance heat/mass transfer and reduce solvent volumes.
  • Salt-switch crystallizations (e.g., transient HCl salt formation) can replace column chromatography, cutting solvent use.

Note: Always validate green substitutions at small scale; kinetics and selectivity can shift with solvent changes.

Pharmaceutical Uses

• Item-specific pharmacopeial/excipient status: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• General role in pharma R&D and manufacturing (no therapeutic claims)

  • Commonly employed as a synthetic intermediate/building block in the preparation of candidate molecules where a 4-aryl piperidine motif is desired. The 2,6-difluorophenyl group can improve physicochemical properties such as metabolic stability and conformational control in target compounds.
  • Salt selection and crystallization: conversion to crystalline salts (e.g., HCl, fumarate, succinate) facilitates purification and solid handling during API intermediate production.
  • Impurity control: secondary amines can form N-oxides or overalkylated tertiary amines; process development typically includes oxidative impurity monitoring and controlled stoichiometry in alkylations.
  • Residual solvent/elemental impurity considerations align with ICH Q3C/Q3D. When used in Pd-catalyzed couplings to generate N-aryl derivatives, ensure downstream Pd removal (carbon treatment, metal scavengers) to acceptable limits.

• Formulation relevance

  • The free base itself is not typically used as an excipient. However, its derivatives (amides, ureas, tertiary amines) may proceed further into preclinical development depending on target profiles.

Research use only. Not for human or veterinary diagnostic or therapeutic use.

Physical Properties

• Item-specific measured properties

  • Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Density: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Melting/boiling point, refractive index, UV cutoff, water/peroxide/metal content: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Literature/computed expectations for this structural class (for planning only; verify experimentally)

  • Phase at ambient conditions: many arylpiperidines are low-melting solids or high-boiling liquids; the presence of two aryl fluorines often increases crystallinity relative to the unsubstituted phenyl analog.
  • Basicity: secondary piperidines typically have conjugate acid pKaH ≈ 10.5–11.5; aryl substitution can slightly lower basicity by inductive/field effects of the aryl and fluorine substituents (literature trend).
  • Lipophilicity: arylfluoro substituents generally increase logP vs. phenyl; secondary amine lowers logD at acidic pH due to protonation (literature trend).
  • Solubility profile: free base expected to be soluble in moderately polar organic solvents (EtOAc, MeOH, MeCN, THF, DCM, toluene) and poorly soluble in neutral water. Protonated salts (e.g., HCl) are commonly water-soluble (literature trend).
  • Volatility: secondary amines of ~200 g/mol are usually low-volatility; odor typical of aliphatic amines.

• Crystallography/spectroscopy (general guidance)

  • 1H NMR: piperidine methylenes (δ ~1.2–3.0 ppm), aromatic protons (δ ~6.8–7.3 ppm, multiplicities influenced by 2,6-F), NH (~1–2 ppm; may broaden). 19F NMR: two equivalent/near-equivalent ortho-F signals (δ typically −110 to −130 ppm). IR: N–H stretch ~3300 cm−1; aryl C–F ~1000–1200 cm−1. (Literature ranges)

Quality and Grades

• Item-specific grade/purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• How to interpret grades for this compound class (general guidance)

  • Research-grade or synthetic-grade material is typically suitable for organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry campaigns. If “98%+” or “HPLC grade” is specified in a CoA, this generally indicates low levels of chromatographic impurities and residual solvents; for amines, residual water and amine-oxide content may also be reported.
  • Stabilizers: none are typically added to secondary amines; absence/presence of stabilizers should be confirmed on the CoA. If supplied as a salt (e.g., hydrochloride), purity may be expressed as free-base equivalent—verify before stoichiometric calculations.
  • Analytical controls that are useful to request/verify:
    • Identity: 1H/13C NMR, 19F NMR, HRMS; optional IR.
    • Purity: GC or HPLC area %, chiral analysis generally not required (achiral compound).
    • Residual solvents: GC headspace (USP <467> if relevant to your workflow).
    • Water: Karl Fischer (especially if handling as free base); amines can be hygroscopic depending on structure.
    • Assay as acid salt (if applicable): argentometric chloride for HCl salt or titration for amine content.

• Fit-for-purpose recommendations

  • For metal-catalyzed couplings (e.g., Buchwald–Hartwig), low metal background and low amine-oxide content are beneficial; consider pre-washing or distilling under reduced pressure if sensitive transformations are planned.
  • For medicinal chemistry SAR, batch-to-batch consistency (assay, residual solvent profile) improves reproducibility across screens.

Reaction and Applications

• Role in synthesis

  • Versatile secondary amine building block that combines the pharmacophoric piperidine motif with a 2,6-difluorophenyl group. Useful in medicinal chemistry, agrochemistry, and materials precursor work where basic lipophilic amines are required (research use only).

• Representative transformations (literature/general)

  • Acylation and sulfonylation: rapid formation of amides and sulfonamides using acid chlorides/anhydrides or sulfonyl chlorides in the presence of base (Et3N, DIPEA). Carbamates via chloroformates or CDI-activated carbonates.
  • Urea/thiourea formation: with isocyanates/isothiocyanates or via CDI/DPPA-based coupling of amine and amine derivatives.
  • Alkylation: N-alkylation to tertiary amines using alkyl halides, epoxides (β-hydroxylation), or reductive amination with aldehydes/ketones.
  • Metal-catalyzed N-arylation: Buchwald–Hartwig coupling with aryl (pseudo)halides using Pd catalysts and bulky biaryl phosphines (e.g., XPhos, tBuBrettPhos) or ligandless systems; affords N-aryl piperidines.
  • Salt formation: pharmaceutically relevant salts (e.g., HCl, HBr, mesylate) to tune solubility and crystallinity for downstream processing.

• Strategic features of the scaffold

  • Two ortho-fluorines increase metabolic robustness of the aryl ring and can influence conformation via C–F/CH interactions.
  • The benzylic linkage at piperidine C4 provides a handle for further derivatization adjacent to the aryl group (oxidation or lithiation strategies require careful condition development; consult literature).

• Practical tips

  • Control protonation: free base for nucleophilic reactions, salt for purification/crystallization.
  • Drying: secondary amines can retain water; dry over K2CO3 or molecular sieves before moisture-sensitive steps.
  • Odor management: handle in a fume hood; cap promptly to limit CO2 uptake and amine odor.

Reaction Conditions

General, literature-based guidance for common transformations of 4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)piperidine. Optimize for your specific substrates.

• Amide/sulfonamide formation

  • Reagents: acid chlorides/anhydrides or sulfonyl chlorides (1.0–1.2 equiv), base (Et3N or DIPEA, 2.0–3.0 equiv).
  • Solvent: DCM, THF, EtOAc, or MeCN.
  • Temperature/time: 0–25 °C, 0.5–4 h (monitor by TLC/HPLC). For sluggish acylations, gentle warming to 40–50 °C.
  • Tips: pre-cool for acid chloride additions; use aqueous bicarbonate workup to neutralize HCl and minimize amine salt formation.

• Carbamate/urea synthesis

  • Paths: chloroformates (for carbamates) or isocyanates (for ureas); CDI coupling of amine with amine/amine derivatives.
  • Solvent: DCM, THF, 2-MeTHF; base as needed (pyridine/DIPEA).
  • Conditions: 0–25 °C; typically complete within 1–3 h. Quench carefully to avoid CO2 loss from carbamates.

• Reductive amination (to form tertiary amines)

  • Carbonyl partner: aldehyde/ketone (1.0–1.5 equiv), reducing agent NaBH(OAc)3 (2–3 equiv) in DCE/MeOH/AcOH (pH ~5–6) or catalytic hydrogenation (H2, 1–3 bar) in EtOH with Pd/C.
  • Temperature: 20–40 °C; 2–18 h. Control acid amount to prevent over-protonation.

• Buchwald–Hartwig N-arylation

  • Catalyst/ligand: Pd2(dba)3 or Pd(OAc)2 (0.5–2 mol%), bulky biaryl phosphines (tBuBrettPhos, XPhos, SPhos 1–4 mol%).
  • Base: NaOtBu, KOtBu, or K3PO4 (2–3 equiv).
  • Solvent: toluene, dioxane, 2-MeTHF, or t-AmOH.
  • Temperature/time: 80–110 °C; 4–16 h.
  • Notes: minimize β-hydride elimination by using hindered ligands; exclude moisture/air for reproducibility.

• Workup/purification

  • Acid–base extraction: protonate with 1–2 M HCl to transfer to aqueous phase; basify and extract to recover free base.
  • Convert to crystalline salts for isolation; dry under high vacuum at ambient to 40 °C to remove residual solvents.

All conditions are literature-style guidance; confirm on small scale and consult SDS for safety.

Safety and Handling

• Item-specific hazard data

  • Signal word: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
  • H-statements / GHS classification / pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.

• General safety considerations for secondary amines and aryl fluorides (literature/industry practice; not a substitute for SDS)

  • Hazards: may cause skin/eye irritation and respiratory tract irritation; amines can be harmful if swallowed. Many low-MW amines have strong odor.
  • PPE: lab coat, nitrile gloves, splash goggles. Use in a fume hood to control vapors/odors and avoid inhalation of aerosols.
  • Incompatibilities: strong oxidizers (risk of exotherm), acylating/alkylating agents (uncontrolled reaction), acid chlorides/anhydrides (acylation), isocyanates (urea formation), strong mineral acids (salt formation with heat evolution), nitrosating agents (risk of N-nitrosamine formation—avoid nitrite in strong acid).
  • Reactive behavior: secondary amines readily form salts with acids; CO2 from air can slowly form carbamates on surfaces—keep containers tightly closed.
  • Spill/first aid (overview): absorb small spills with inert material; ventilate area. Skin/eye contact—rinse with water for ≥15 min; remove contaminated clothing. Inhalation—move to fresh air. Ingestion—rinse mouth; seek medical attention. Always follow institutional procedures.
  • Fire: not expected to be highly flammable as a bulk liquid/solid, but organic amines can burn; use CO2, dry chemical, or foam. Combustion may release HF due to aryl–F content—firefighters should wear SCBA.

Always consult the product SDS for authoritative hazard and response information before use.

Solvent Selection

This product is a nitrogen-containing building block, not a solvent. Selection here refers to solvents for handling and reactions involving 4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)piperidine.

• Polarity and miscibility considerations (literature trends)

  • The free base is typically miscible or highly soluble in moderately polar organics: DCM, chloroform, EtOAc, THF, MeOH, EtOH, i-PrOH, MeCN, toluene. Solubility in hexanes may be limited.
  • The protonated salt (e.g., HCl) is water-soluble; biphasic manipulations can exploit protonation/deprotonation for extractions.

• Practical choices by transformation

  • Acylation/sulfonylation/carbamoylation: DCM, THF, MeCN, or EtOAc with an organic base (DIPEA, Et3N); or two-phase systems (DCM/aq. NaHCO3) for acid chloride acylations.
  • Reductive amination (if used as the amine partner): MeOH/EtOH/i-PrOH, MeCN, or toluene with molecular sieves; catalysts NaBH(OAc)3 or H2/Pd (literature).
  • Buchwald–Hartwig N-arylation (N-alkyl/arylation of the secondary amine): toluene, dioxane, CPME, 2-MeTHF, or t-AmOH with strong base (NaOtBu, KOtBu).

• Comparison snapshot (general)

  • DCM vs. EtOAc: DCM maximizes solubility and reaction rates for acylations; EtOAc is greener and often sufficient.
  • DMF/DMAc/NMP: excellent solubilizers for polar substrates but less preferred for sustainability; replace with MeCN/2-MeTHF/dioxane where compatible.

Always verify solubility in your specific system and control the amine’s protonation state to tune partitioning and reactivity.

Storage and Reconstitution

• Item-specific storage and shipping

  • Storage conditions: Room temperature (per Product Data). Protect from moisture and strong acids/bases. Tightly cap to limit CO2 uptake and oxidation.
  • Shipped in: Normal (per Product Data).

• General handling and stability (secondary amines)

  • Store in original amber or opaque container if provided to minimize light exposure. Although aryl–F bonds are robust, prolonged light/air exposure may lead to minor discoloration due to trace oxidation of amine—this is cosmetic; verify purity by NMR/GC/HPLC.
  • If long-term storage (>12 months) is planned, consider inert atmosphere (N2/Ar) and inclusion of a desiccant in the secondary container.
  • Hygroscopicity: variable; check CoA. If moisture uptake is observed, dry under high vacuum over K2CO3 or P2O5 at ambient temperature prior to moisture-sensitive reactions.

• Reconstitution/stock preparation (if supplied as a solid)

  • Dissolve to desired concentration in dry DCM, THF, MeOH, EtOAc, or MeCN. For aqueous work, first form the hydrochloride salt by treating an alcoholic solution with 1–2 equiv HCl (anhydrous), then evaporate and redissolve in water or buffer as needed.
  • Filter 0.22 µm (PTFE) for assay stocks; store DMSO stocks at −20 °C for extended periods and avoid repeated freeze–thaw by aliquoting.

Always refer to the product CoA/Spec Sheet and SDS for definitive storage and handling instructions.

Structure and Identity

Aryl-substituted saturated secondary amine combining a 2,6-difluorophenyl ring with a piperidine scaffold.

• Item-specific identifiers (from Product Data)

  • SKU: D1294090
  • Product name: 4-(2,6-Difluorophenyl)piperidine
  • CAS: 1019373-70-6
  • PubChem CID: 21936929
  • InChIKey: 416419 (as provided)
  • SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Literature/structural description (general)

  • Core ring systems: a six-membered saturated heterocycle (piperidine, one tertiary carbon at C4 relative to N) para-linked (at the ring’s 4-position) to an aromatic phenyl ring bearing fluorine substituents at the 2- and 6-positions.
  • Functional groups: secondary amine (basic), two aryl C–F bonds (strongly polarized, deactivating toward electrophilic aromatic substitution), benzylic C–C linkage between arene and piperidine C4.
  • Stereochemistry: achiral as named; no stereocenters in the parent structure.

• Computed/literature identifiers (non-item-specific; for reference only)

  • Typical empirical formula for this structure: C11H13F2N (literature/computed)
  • Typical formula weight: ~197.23 g/mol (literature/computed)

2D structure in words: a chair-like piperidine ring with nitrogen at position 1; carbon at position 4 is bonded directly to the ipso carbon of a benzene ring. The benzene ring carries fluorine atoms at both carbons ortho to the point of attachment (2- and 6-positions).

Synthetic Utility

• Functional group reactivity

  • Secondary amine nucleophile: readily forms amides, sulfonamides, carbamates, ureas; engages in reductive amination and alkylations to give tertiary amines.
  • Basic site for derivatization: quaternization to ammonium salts; phase-transfer properties can be exploited for some transformations.
  • Aromatic C–F bonds: robust under many conditions; they are poor leaving groups without strong activation and thus provide stability during multistep sequences.

• Strategic deployment in synthesis

  • As a late-stage amine coupling partner: the basic, conformationally restricted piperidine can be introduced via amide/urea formation onto electrophilic fragments, or employed in Pd-catalyzed N-arylation to diversify N-substitution patterns.
  • Scaffold modification: N-alkylation allows rapid exploration of tertiary amine SAR, while acylation/sulfonylation attenuates basicity and can modulate solubility.
  • Salt toggling for purification: switch between free base and HCl salt to leverage solubility differences and avoid chromatography.

• Retrosynthetic value

  • Enables modular construction of arylpiperidine pharmacophores; the 2,6-difluorophenyl handle resists electrophilic aromatic substitution, allowing orthogonal chemistry at nitrogen and aliphatic positions without aryl degradation.

• Analytical handles

  • 19F NMR provides a sensitive probe for reaction progress and impurity profiling; secondary amine conversions can be tracked by disappearance of N–H IR bands and shifts in 1H/13C NMR.

• Limitations/considerations

  • Overalkylation in N-alkylation is common—use controlled stoichiometry or protection (e.g., Boc) strategies if selective mono-alkylation elsewhere is required. Avoid nitrosating conditions to prevent N-nitrosamine formation.

Target Specificity

This product is a small-molecule building block, not a biological targeting reagent.

• Item-specific target/epitope/clone/isotype data: Not applicable and not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Use the Reaction & Applications and Synthetic Utility sections for guidance on how this compound can be incorporated into target-directed molecules in research workflows.

Preguntas frecuentes

What is the purity of this product?

This product is supplied at ≥95% purity (chemical assay). Lot-specific values are stated on the Certificate of Analysis.

How should this product be stored?

Store at room temperature.

How is this product shipped?

This product ships under standard ambient conditions. No temperature-controlled packaging is required.

What are the CAS number, molecular formula and molecular weight?

The CAS Number is 1019373-70-6, the molecular formula is C11H13F2N, and the molecular weight is 197.22 g/mol. InChIKey XFFWJDKGTLXWRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N.

What documentation is provided?

Available product documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (COA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and specification sheets, is shown in the product document area. Document availability and access follow the current site policy.