DSPE-PEG-Folate, MW 5000 - ≥99% , CAS No.D1440374

CAS: D1440374 Cat. No.: D1440374 Peso molecular: 5000(Average)

GRADE & PURITY ≥99%

Storage

Store at -20°C

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

Descripción general

DSPE-PEG-Folate, MW 5000 is a PEG derivative containing folic acid. DSPE-PEG-Folate, MW 5000 has a targeting effect and bind to folate receptors in cancer cells. DSPE-PEG-Folate, MW 5000 form micelles/lipid bilayer and can be used to targeted drug delivery system research.

Specifications

Especificaciones y pureza

≥99%

Condiciones de almacenamiento de almacenamiento

Store at -20°C

Enviado en

Ice chest + Ice pads

Este producto requiere envío en cadena de frío. Los servicios terrestres y otros servicios económicos no están disponibles.

Pureza

≥99%

Nombres e identificadores

Peso molecular

5000(Average)

Application Protocols

No tested applications or protocols are provided for this item. Refer to peer-reviewed literature and internal SOPs for procedures such as thin-film hydration, ethanol injection, microfluidic mixing, or post-insertion methods to incorporate DSPE-PEG-Folate into lipid assemblies.

For lot-specific handling, composition, or validated conditions, consult the CoA/Spec Sheet and the SDS.

Biological Roles

This section provides general biochemical context; it does not describe therapeutic use.

• Folate biology (literature/general)

  • Folate (vitamin B9) is an essential cofactor in one-carbon metabolism, required for nucleotide biosynthesis and methylation reactions. Cellular uptake occurs via high-affinity folate receptors (FRα/FRβ) and the reduced folate carrier (RFC).
  • Folate receptors are glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell-surface proteins that bind folate and folate-conjugated ligands with nanomolar affinity, followed by endocytic internalization.

• Role of PEG in biointerfaces (literature)

  • PEG imparts “stealth” by forming a hydrated corona that reduces protein adsorption and opsonization, decreasing nonspecific interactions in biological media.
  • Chain length (~5 kDa here, nominal) balances steric stabilization with ligand accessibility; longer PEG can improve circulation in model systems but may reduce ligand–receptor encounter frequency at very high densities.

• DSPE anchor in membranes (literature)

  • DSPE integrates into lipid bilayers with high affinity due to two saturated C18 chains and a high gel–fluid transition temperature, stabilizing incorporation in the outer leaflet under physiological conditions when properly processed.

• Assembly-level behavior

  • DSPE-PEG-Folate assemblies present multivalent folate at the interface, enabling avidity-driven binding studies to folate-binding proteins in vitro.

Note: Specific binding parameters and biological responses depend on formulation, ligand density, and experimental system; they are not specified for this item.

Buffer Applications

DSPE-PEG-Folate is not a buffering agent and does not establish a defined pH range. However, buffer choice is critical for its dispersion and incorporation into lipid assemblies.

• Practical buffer guidance (general)

  • Common hydration media: PBS (pH ~7.4) or HEPES-buffered saline (10–20 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.2–7.5). Maintain near-neutral pH to preserve folate integrity.
  • Ionic strength: Physiological salt promotes PEG chain extension but can screen electrostatics in mixed systems; adjust as needed for co-formulants.
  • Temperature: Hydrate and process above the DSPE transition (typically 70–75 °C) for efficient insertion and bilayer formation, then cool to lock in structure.
  • Additives: Small amounts of ethanol (5–20% v/v) during initial dispersion can aid solubilization; remove afterwards by dialysis or diafiltration.

• Not typically applicable

  • Acid/base capacity: The material does not provide buffering capacity; if your application requires strict pH control, select an appropriate biological buffer system (e.g., HEPES, phosphate, Tris) independent of DSPE-PEG-Folate presence.

Item-specific buffer specifications and validated recipes are not provided for this product; consult the literature or your internal SOPs for formulation details.

Green Alternatives

Greener choices for formulating DSPE-PEG-Folate focus on solvent substitution and process intensification rather than changing the amphiphile itself.

• Solvent substitution (literature/practice)

  • Replace chlorinated solvents (chloroform, DCM) with lower-toxicity alcohols where feasible.
  • Ethanol hydration method: Dissolve lipids in absolute ethanol (or EtOH/tert-butanol) and inject into hot aqueous buffer under vigorous mixing; subsequently remove ethanol by dialysis or diafiltration.
  • Supercritical CO2 or t-butanol freeze-drying routes can reduce residual solvent burden versus chlorinated solvent films.

• Comparative overview (general)

  • Chloroform film casting: Excellent solubility and film uniformity; environmental and health drawbacks; requires thorough solvent removal.
  • Ethanol injection: Greener, scalable, avoids chlorinated waste; may yield broader size distributions unless process is optimized.
  • Microfluidic mixing with ethanol: Precise size control and continuous processing; minimizes solvent exposure and batch variability.

• Trade-offs

  • Folate stability: Folate’s pterin ring can be light- and pH-sensitive; alcohol-based methods at neutral pH preserve integrity but may require higher temperatures.
  • Residuals: Alcohol residues are generally easier to clear to pharmaceutically acceptable levels than chlorinated solvents.

Note: The core material (DSPE-PEG-Folate) is already based on saturated DSPE (oxidatively robust) and nonionic PEG. Environmental improvements primarily derive from solvent/process selection and waste minimization.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No therapeutic claims are made. The following describes general formulation roles in research and development contexts.

• Typical roles (literature/general)

  • Targeting excipient: Provides folate ligands at the nanoparticle surface for receptor-binding studies, while PEG imparts steric stabilization.
  • Stealth stabilizer: The PEG5k corona reduces aggregation and protein adsorption in complex media.
  • Post-insertion reagent: Facilitates late-stage functionalization of preformed lipid vesicles or LNPs without re-formulating the core composition.

• Formulation considerations

  • Ligand density: Common research practice is 0.5–5 mol% of total lipid for ligand-bearing PEG-lipids; optimize empirically to balance binding and pharmacokinetics in model systems.
  • Chain length: PEG 5 kDa is a widely used compromise between colloidal stability and accessibility of the terminal ligand.
  • Compatibility: Mixes well with saturated phospholipids (e.g., DSPC, HSPC) and cholesterol; for ionizable lipids, insert post-assembly to avoid interference with nucleic acid complexation.

• Regulatory context

  • Pharmacopeial monographs rarely exist for specific PEGylated ligand-lipids; materials are typically research-grade unless otherwise stated. For translational work, specify endotoxin, residual solvents, and bioburden limits and source GMP-grade analogs where necessary.

Item-specific grade/purity and any compliance statements are not specified for this item; refer to the CoA/Spec Sheet.

Physical Properties

Item-specific numeric specifications (BP/MP, density, RI, etc.) are not provided for this product; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for definitive values.

General/literature characteristics for DSPE-PEG-folate conjugates (PEG ≈ 5 kDa):

• Physical form: Typically an off-white to pale yellow, waxy to solid material; amorphous due to PEG polydispersity (literature/generic).
• Thermal behavior:
  • DSPE lipid domain gel–fluid transition temperature (Tm): ~70–75 °C for DSPE-containing assemblies; PEGylation can broaden/lower cooperative transitions (literature ranges).
  • PEG segment glass transition Tg: approximately −60 to −40 °C depending on hydration (literature).
  • The conjugate does not have a sharp melting point; it softens and may undergo phase transitions prior to decomposition (literature/generic).
• Solubility profile (literature):
  • Good solubility in polar organic solvents used for lipid film casting, e.g., chloroform, CHCl3/MeOH mixtures, dichloromethane, and to a lesser extent ethanol/IPA; soluble in DMSO and DMF.
  • In water and buffered saline, forms micelles or incorporates into bilayers/liposomes; apparent solubility depends on assembly state and temperature above lipid Tm.
• Aggregation behavior (literature):
  • Critical micelle concentration (CMC) for DSPE-PEG5k amphiphiles is typically in the low micromolar range (10−7–10−6 M), varying with ionic strength and temperature.
• Partitioning and polarity (literature):
  • Amphiphilic; DSPE segment is highly hydrophobic (logP effectively very high), PEG segment is hydrophilic and highly hydrated; overall behaves as a non-ionic surfactant with a large hydrophilic headgroup.

Note: Numeric property values can vary with PEG polydispersity, folate substitution chemistry, and sample hydration; verify with lot-specific documentation.

Quality and Grades

• Item-specific grade/purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Context for PEGylated phospholipid quality (general/literature):

• Grade terminology: Vendors may offer research grade, high-purity (>95% by HPLC/UPLC), or chromatography-grade lipids. For targeted ligands (e.g., folate), the reported “purity” often reflects the fraction of PEG chains bearing the ligand and the absence of unconjugated PEG or DSPE-PEG-OH/—NH2 precursors.
• Polydispersity: PEG has an inherent dispersity (Ð) typically 1.02–1.10 for high-quality materials. As a result, the conjugate is an average-MW material; CoA should report the nominal PEG Mn (here, 5000) and possibly the substitution level (1 folate per PEG chain, typical).
• Analytical controls: Quality assessment commonly includes HPLC/UPLC profiles, MALDI-TOF/ESI mass distributions, TLC behavior, phosphate content, residual solvent analysis, water content (Karl Fischer), and endotoxin/bioburden for applications requiring low pyrogen levels. None of these are specified here; see CoA.
• Stabilizers: PEGylated lipids are generally provided without stabilizers; antioxidants (e.g., BHT) are unnecessary for fully saturated DSPE but may be present for unsaturated lipids. Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Implications for use: For reproducible nanoparticle formulations, lot-to-lot consistency in PEG Mn, folate substitution, and low levels of unconjugated species are critical. Verify specifications and analytical traces in the lot documentation prior to scale-up or comparative studies.

Reaction and Applications

Manufacturer Applications: Not provided. The following expands on common research uses of DSPE-PEG-folate conjugates (literature/general):

• Ligand display on nanocarriers: The DSPE anchor inserts into lipid bilayers (liposomes, lipid nanoparticles), positioning folate at the distal PEG terminus to interact with folate-binding proteins. PEG provides steric stabilization and reduces nonspecific adsorption.
• Micelles and self-assembly: Alone or with co-surfactants, forms micelles and mixed micelles that can solubilize hydrophobic payloads while presenting folate at the corona. CMC typically in the low micromolar range (literature).
• Surface modification: Adsorption/insertion into supported lipid bilayers; noncovalent coating of hydrophobic nanoparticle surfaces (e.g., PLGA, polystyrene) via hydrophobic interactions, yielding folate-functional coronas.
• Post-insertion into preformed vesicles: Incubation above the DSPE Tm allows intercalation without re-formulating the entire liposome composition; control the mol% (often 0.5–5 mol% of total lipid in literature) to balance targeting with stealth.
• Analytical/biophysical applications: Probe receptor-mediated binding in model membranes; manipulate membrane biophysics by varying PEG length and folate density; study ligand avidity and multivalency effects.

Practical tips (general):

• Work above the DSPE gel–fluid transition during hydration or insertion to ensure proper incorporation.
• Limit folate density to avoid steric crowding of PEG chains; excessive PEGylation can inhibit membrane fusion or payload release.
• Validate folate presentation using fluorescence-labeled anti-folate probes or ligand competition assays where appropriate (research-only context).

Reaction Conditions

No chemical reaction conditions are specified for this product. The following are general formulation/processing conditions from literature for assembling DSPE-PEG-Folate into nanostructures:

• Thin-film hydration (general)

  • Dissolve co-lipids and DSPE-PEG-Folate in CHCl3 or CHCl3/MeOH; rotary evaporate to a thin film; vacuum-dry ≥2 h. Hydrate with buffer preheated to 70–75 °C while vortexing. Optional: bath/probe sonication to reduce size, followed by extrusion (100–200 nm membranes) above Tm.

• Ethanol injection or microfluidic mixing (general)

  • Prepare a lipid solution in absolute ethanol containing DSPE-PEG-Folate at the desired mol%; rapidly mix with preheated buffer (≥60–70 °C) at defined flow rate ratios. Dialyze or diafilter to remove ethanol.

• Post-insertion (general)

  • Incubate preformed liposomes (fluid above Tm) with an ethanolic or aqueous dispersion of DSPE-PEG-Folate at 60–75 °C for 10–60 min with gentle stirring; cool to fix insertion.

• Typical composition ranges (literature)

  • DSPE-PEG-Folate at 0.5–5 mol% of total lipid to tune ligand density; higher levels may impact membrane packing and permeability.

• Characterization checkpoints

  • Size/PDI by DLS, zeta potential, ligand density by UV–vis (folate absorbance ~280–363 nm windows) or HPLC after lipid extraction, and stability in relevant media.

All parameters should be optimized for your specific system and scaled according to equipment; these are general literature practices, not product-specific specifications.

Safety and Handling

Item-specific GHS data (signal word, pictograms, H-statements) are not provided for this product; consult the product SDS for authoritative safety information.

General laboratory safety guidance for PEGylated lipids and folate conjugates (literature/practice-based):

• Hazards: Typically considered of low acute toxicity; may cause mechanical irritation to eyes/skin. Avoid inhalation of powders and aerosols. Thermal decomposition can generate irritant fumes.
• PPE: Wear lab coat, safety glasses/goggles, and appropriate chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile). Handle powders in a fume hood or containment to minimize dust.
• Handling: Use clean, dry tools. Avoid moisture ingress during weighing/prep to maintain material integrity. Minimize repeated freeze–thaw cycles of solutions and dispersions.
• Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers and strong acids/bases can degrade lipid ester and PEG linkages; avoid prolonged exposure. Organic solvents should be anhydrous for thin-film preparations.
• First aid (overview; defer to SDS):
  • Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
  • Skin/eye contact: Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes; remove contaminated clothing; obtain medical advice if irritation develops.
  • Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek medical advice.
• Thermal/processing cautions: For film hydration or extrusion above lipid Tm, use temperature-controlled equipment and avoid overheating that could cause decomposition.
• Waste: Dispose of solutions/solids and solvent residues per institutional and local regulations; do not release to the environment.

Note: Always rely on the SDS for hazard classification and response instructions specific to this item/lot.

Solvent Selection

DSPE-PEG-Folate is amphiphilic: a hydrophobic DSPE anchor and a hydrophilic PEG-folate headgroup. Solvent choice governs whether you prepare thin films, micelles, or incorporate the ligand into bilayers.

• Polarity and miscibility (literature/general)

  • Organic solvents: Readily soluble in chloroform, CHCl3/MeOH (9:1 to 2:1), dichloromethane, and DMSO; moderate in ethanol/IPA depending on temperature and water content.
  • Aqueous media: Disperses in water, PBS, and HEPES buffers to form micelles or integrate into liposomes; hydration is facilitated above the DSPE domain Tm (~70–75 °C), with sonication or extrusion.

• Typical use scenarios

  • Thin-film hydration: Dissolve with co-lipids (e.g., DSPC/Chol) in CHCl3, form a dry film, remove solvent under vacuum, then hydrate with buffer at elevated temperature.
  • Post-insertion: Incorporate DSPE-PEG-Folate into preformed bilayers by incubating above Tm to allow DSPE insertion.
  • Micelle preparation: Dissolve in minimal DMSO or ethanol and inject into hot buffer with stirring to form folate-presenting micelles.

• Practical comparison (literature/guidance)

  • Chloroform vs ethanol: CHCl3 provides rapid, uniform films; ethanol is a greener alternative but may require higher temperature and longer times to achieve homogeneous films.
  • DMSO vs DMF: DMSO is easier to remove from aqueous dispersions at low percentages; DMF can plasticize films but is more difficult to purge.

• Dielectric/solvent data: Specific dielectric constants and solubility parameters for the conjugate are not standardized; consult formulation literature and optimize empirically under your system constraints.

Storage and Reconstitution

• Storage (item-specific)

  • Store at −20 °C.
  • Shipped in: Ice chest + ice pads.

• Light/moisture sensitivity

  • Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Reconstitution/solubilization

  • Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Freeze–thaw guidance

  • Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General practice (for context only; not product specifications): Keep tightly closed under dry, inert conditions when possible. Warm to room temperature in a desiccator before opening to minimize moisture condensation; for solutions/dispersions, prepare single-use aliquots to avoid repeated freeze–thaw.

Structure and Identity

DSPE-PEG-Folate (MW 5000) is an amphiphilic, folate-terminated PEGylated phospholipid, widely used to endow lipid nanoparticles and surfaces with folate ligands via a PEG spacer.

• Item-specific identifiers

  • SKU: D1440374
  • CAS: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular weight: Product name indicates nominal PEG block MW 5000; exact average MW of the full conjugate is not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Structural features (general/literature description)

  • Lipid anchor: DSPE = 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, containing two saturated C18 (stearoyl) chains esterified to glycerol (sn-1/sn-2), a phosphate at sn-3, and an ethanolamine headgroup.
  • Spacer: Linear poly(ethylene glycol) chain (PEG) of nominal average Mn ≈ 5000 Da, conferring hydrophilicity and steric stabilization; polydisperse by nature.
  • Terminal ligand: Folate (pteroyl-L-glutamate) conjugated at the PEG terminus (typical literature linkages include amide formation via activated PEG), providing affinity to folate-binding proteins.
  • Overall topology (2D description): Hydrophobic DSPE tail region (two long alkyl chains) linked via phosphoethanolamine to a PEG coil that extends into aqueous phase; folate resides at the distal end of PEG, accessible for receptor interactions.
  • Functional groups: Ester (lipid acyl), phosphate diester, secondary amine within phosphoethanolamine (amidated in PEG linkages), polyether (PEG), and multiple amide/heteroaromatic units within folate.

• Stereochemistry (general): DSPE is typically derived from sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (natural sn stereochemistry). Folate possesses chiral L-glutamate; no additional stereocenters are created in the PEG chain.

Synthetic Utility

DSPE-PEG-Folate is primarily a self-assembling amphiphile and surface modifier rather than a small-molecule synthetic building block.

• Functional group context (general)

  • The DSPE portion contains ester linkages and a phosphodiester; the PEG chain is a polyether; the terminal folate contains heteroaromatic and amide functionalities. In the supplied conjugate, the terminal functionality is already capped by folate, leaving no deliberate orthogonal reactive handle unless specified by the supplier (not specified here).

• Uses in materials synthesis

  • Nanostructure assembly: Employed to create targeted micelles, liposomes, and supported bilayers that present folate moieties.
  • Surface engineering: Noncovalent adsorption or insertion on hydrophobic polymers and particle surfaces to modulate interfacial properties.
  • Hybrid constructs: Blending with other functional PEG-lipids (e.g., DSPE-PEG-biotin, DSPE-PEG-maleimide) to create multiplexed interfaces; DSPE-PEG-Folate supplies the ligand component.

• Not typically used for

  • Stoichiometric organic transformations or named reactions in solution-phase synthesis, due to its macromolecular nature and lack of free reactive handles.

Item-specific reactive functionality beyond the folate cap is not specified for this item; if further conjugation is required, consider alternatives like DSPE-PEG-NH2/-COOH/-maleimide and post-conjugate folate under controlled conditions.

Target Specificity

Item-specific target information is not provided for this product.

General note: Folate-terminated constructs are widely used in research to engage folate-binding proteins (e.g., folate receptors). However, no target affinity, epitope details, or specificity data are specified for this item; consult literature or perform your own binding validation under your experimental conditions.

Preguntas frecuentes

What is the purity of this product?

This product is supplied at ≥99% purity (chemical assay). Lot-specific values are stated on the Certificate of Analysis.

How should this product be stored?

Store at ?20 °C. Freezer storage is required to maintain the specified shelf life.

How is this product shipped?

This product ships in an insulated container with ice pads. Unpack on arrival and transfer it to the storage condition stated above.

What are the CAS number, molecular formula and molecular weight?

The CAS Number is D1440374, and the molecular weight is 5000(Average) g/mol.

What documentation is provided?

Available product documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (COA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and specification sheets, is shown in the product document area. Document availability and access follow the current site policy.