G 5555 - ≥98%(HPLC) , CAS No.1648863-90-4

CAS: 1648863-90-4 Cat. No.: G288842 Fórmula: C₂₅H₂₅ClN₆O₃ Peso molecular: 492.96

GRADE & PURITY ≥98%(HPLC)

Synonyms

8-[(trans-5-Amino-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)methyl]-6-[2-chloro-4-(6-methyl-2-pyridinyl)phenyl]-2-(methylamino)-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one

Storage

Store at -20°C

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

Specifications

Sinónimos

8-[(trans-5-Amino-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)methyl]-6-[2-chloro-4-(6-methyl-2-pyridinyl)phenyl]-2-(methylamino)-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one

Especificaciones y pureza

≥98%(HPLC)

Mecanismos bioquímicos y fisiológicos

High affinity group 1 PAK (pan-PAK1, 2 and 3) inhibitor (Ki= 3.7 nM; pMEK IC50= 69 nM). Of 235 kinases tested, other than PAK1, eight (PAK2, PAK3, KHS1, Lck, MST3, MST4, SIK2, and YSK1) were inhibited >70%. Exhibits low hERG channel activity (<50% inhibit

Condiciones de almacenamiento de almacenamiento

Store at -20°C

Enviado en

Ice chest + Ice pads

Este producto requiere envío en cadena de frío. Los servicios terrestres y otros servicios económicos no están disponibles.

Tipo de acción

INHIBITOR

Pureza

≥98%(HPLC)

Nombres e identificadores

Sonrisas canónicas

CC1=NC(=CC=C1)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)C3=CC4=CN=C(N=C4N(C3=O)CC5OCC(CO5)N)NC)Cl

IUPAC Name

8-[(5-amino-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)methyl]-6-[2-chloro-4-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)phenyl]-2-(methylamino)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one

InChIKey

ZBCMHWUFWQFPLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

INCHI

1S/C25H25ClN6O3/c1-14-4-3-5-21(30-14)15-6-7-18(20(26)9-15)19-8-16-10-29-25(28-2)31-23(16)32(24(19)33)11-22-34-12-17(27)13-35-22/h3-10,17,22H,11-13,27H2,1-2H3,(H,28,29,31)

Isómeros SMILES

CC1=NC(=CC=C1)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)C3=CC4=CN=C(N=C4N(C3=O)CC5OCC(CO5)N)NC)Cl

Peso molecular

492.96

Reaxy-Rn

27752402

Reaxys-RN_link_address

https://www.reaxys.com/reaxys/secured/hopinto.do?context=S&query=IDE.XRN=27752402&ln=

Taxonomic Classification

Taxonomy Tree

• Kingdom Organic compounds
  • Superclass Organoheterocyclic compounds
    • Clase Pyridines and derivatives
      • Subclass Phenylpyridines

• Kingdom: Organic compounds
• Superclass: Organoheterocyclic compounds
• Clase: Pyridines and derivatives
• Subclass: Phenylpyridines
• Intermediate Tree Nodes: Not available
• Direct Parent: Phenylpyridines
• Alternative Parents: Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines Secondary alkylarylamines Pyridinones Aminopyrimidines and derivatives Chlorobenzenes Methylpyridines 1,3-dioxanes Aryl chlorides Heteroaromatic compounds Lactams Oxacyclic compounds Acetals Azacyclic compounds Organopnictogen compounds Organochlorides Organic oxides Monoalkylamines Hydrocarbon derivatives
• Molecular Framework: Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
• Substituents: 2-phenylpyridine - 3-phenylpyridine - Pyridopyrimidine - Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine - Aminopyrimidine - Chlorobenzene - Halobenzene - Pyridinone - Secondary aliphatic/aromatic amine - Methylpyridine - Benzenoid - Aryl chloride - Pyrimidine - Meta-dioxane - Aryl halide - Monocyclic benzene moiety - Heteroaromatic compound - Lactam - Oxacycle - Azacycle - Acetal - Organic oxide - Organohalogen compound - Primary aliphatic amine - Organochloride - Amine - Organonitrogen compound - Organooxygen compound - Organic nitrogen compound - Organic oxygen compound - Primary amine - Organopnictogen compound - Hydrocarbon derivative - Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
• Descripción: This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpyridines. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a benzene ring linked to a pyridine ring through a CC or CN bond.
• External Descriptors: Not available

Data sources

1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.

DOI: 10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y

Objetivos asociados (humanos)

CACNA1H Tclin Voltage-gated T-type calcium channel alpha-1H subunit (1913 Activities)

Discover Target: CACNA1H

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ABL1 Tclin Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL (18331 Activities)

Discover Target: ABL1

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

HTR1A Tclin Serotonin 1a (5-HT1a) receptor (14969 Activities)

Discover Target: HTR1A

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

HTR1B Tclin Serotonin 1b (5-HT1b) receptor (2801 Activities)

Discover Target: HTR1B

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

HTR2A Tclin Serotonin 2a (5-HT2a) receptor (14758 Activities)

Discover Target: HTR2A

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

SCN1A Tclin Sodium channel protein type I alpha subunit (483 Activities)

Discover Target: SCN1A

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

KCNH2 Tclin HERG (29587 Activities)

Discover Target: KCNH2

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HTR4 Tclin Serotonin 4 (5-HT4) receptor (2068 Activities)

Discover Target: HTR4

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HTR2B Tclin Serotonin 2b (5-HT2b) receptor (10323 Activities)

Discover Target: HTR2B

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

LCK Tclin Tyrosine-protein kinase LCK (9212 Activities)

Discover Target: LCK

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

GSK3B Tclin Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (11785 Activities)

Discover Target: GSK3B

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STK3 Tchem Serine/threonine-protein kinase MST2 (3069 Activities)

Discover Target: STK3

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CSNK1D Tchem Casein kinase I delta (4546 Activities)

Discover Target: CSNK1D

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

SCN5A Tclin Sodium channel protein type V alpha subunit (3462 Activities)

Discover Target: SCN5A

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

CDK2 Tchem Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (9050 Activities)

Discover Target: CDK2

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

PAK3 Tchem Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 3 (1514 Activities)

Discover Target: PAK3

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

AURKA Tchem Serine/threonine-protein kinase Aurora-A (10240 Activities)

Discover Target: AURKA

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STK4 Tchem Serine/threonine-protein kinase MST1 (2643 Activities)

Discover Target: STK4

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

PAK1 Tchem Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1 (2601 Activities)

Discover Target: PAK1

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

MAP4K5 Tchem Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 5 (1523 Activities)

Discover Target: MAP4K5

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

U2OS (164939 Activities)

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A549 (127892 Activities)

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NCI-H292 (733 Activities)

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HepG2 (196354 Activities)

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PAK2 Tchem Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 2 (1925 Activities)

Discover Target: PAK2

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

STK24 Tchem Serine/threonine-protein kinase 24 (980 Activities)

Discover Target: STK24

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

STK25 Tchem Serine/threonine-protein kinase 25 (577 Activities)

Discover Target: STK25

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

SIK2 Tchem Serine/threonine-protein kinase SIK2 (1467 Activities)

Discover Target: SIK2

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

STK26 Tchem Serine/threonine-protein kinase MST4 (1915 Activities)

Discover Target: STK26

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

SIK3 Tchem Serine/threonine-protein kinase SIK3 (566 Activities)

Discover Target: SIK3

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

BRD4 Tchem Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (13122 Activities)

Discover Target: BRD4

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

ATP1A1 Tclin Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase (386 Activities)

Discover Target: ATP1A1

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

TRIM24 Tchem Transcription intermediary factor 1-alpha (2087 Activities)

Discover Target: TRIM24

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

BRPF1 Tchem Peregrin (2217 Activities)

Discover Target: BRPF1

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HEK-293T (167025 Activities)

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PAK2 Tchem Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1/PAK 2 (18 Activities)

Discover Target: PAK2

Activity Type	Relation	Activity value	Units	Action Type	Journal	PubMed Id	doi	Assay Aladdin ID

Objetivos asociados (no humanos)

Mapk1 MAP kinase ERK2 (650 Activities)

Discover Target: Mapk1

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Fgfr3 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (21 Activities)

Discover Target: Fgfr3

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Schistosoma mansoni (6170 Activities)

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Mus musculus (284745 Activities)

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MDCK (10148 Activities)

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Cynomolgus monkey (4946 Activities)

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rep Replicase polyprotein 1ab (378 Activities)

Discover Target: rep

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Heart (171 Activities)

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Liver microsome (341 Activities)

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Mecanismos de acción

Propiedades químicas y físicas

• Solubilidad: Solvent:1eq. HCl, Max Conc. mg/mL: 49.3, Max Conc. mM: 100; Solvent:DMSO, Max Conc. mg/mL: 9.86, Max Conc. mM: 20 with gentle warming
• Sensibilidad: Moisture sensitive
• Peso molecular: 493.000 g/mol
• XLogP3: 2.500
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 8
• Rotatable Bond Count: 5
• Exact Mass: 492.168 Da
• Monoisotopic Mass: 492.168 Da
• Topological Polar Surface Area: 115.000 Ų
• Heavy Atom Count: 35
• Formal Charge: 0
• Complexity: 778.000
• Isotope Atom Count: 0
• Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
• Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
• Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
• Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
• The total count of all stereochemical bonds: 0
• Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

Application Protocols

Tested applications, recommended dilutions, and positive controls are not provided for this item. Only use-case guidance explicitly supplied by the manufacturer should be considered validated.

• What is known for this SKU

  • Manufacturer Applications: Not provided in the catalog entry.

• Guidance

  • If employing this protein in assays (e.g., ELISA, WB, SPR, enzymatic assays), perform small-scale pilot titrations to determine optimal concentrations, incubation times, and buffer conditions.
  • Validate specificity, activity, and matrix compatibility using appropriate positive/negative controls before committing to large-scale experiments.

For item-specific protocols, refer to the CoA/Spec Sheet or request technical documentation.

Biological Roles

Item-specific biological function/target is not provided. The following summarizes protein roles in general biochemical contexts (literature, not product-specific):

• Functional diversity

  • Enzymes catalyze metabolic reactions with high specificity and rate enhancement; kinetics are sensitive to pH, ionic strength, and cofactors.
  • Receptors and ligands mediate signaling, often requiring correct folding and post-translational modifications for activity.
  • Structural proteins provide mechanical integrity; binding proteins transport metabolites or ions.

• Biochemical parameters

  • Activity depends on conformational stability; stabilizing salts/osmolytes and correct redox conditions are often essential.
  • Protein–protein and protein–ligand interactions are governed by complementary surfaces, electrostatics, and hydrophobic effects.

• Experimental considerations

  • For cell-based assays, endotoxin content can confound readouts via innate immune activation; verify EU levels where relevant.
  • Glycosylation/state heterogeneity from expression systems (bacterial vs. mammalian) can impact binding, immunogenicity, and stability.

Because this product (G 5555) lacks a disclosed identity, no specific biological pathway, cofactor dependence, or cellular localization can be stated here. Consult the CoA/specification or contact technical support for item-specific biological context.

Buffer Applications

As a protein reagent, performance is closely tied to buffer composition. No item-specific buffer system is provided; the following are general, lab-tested approaches.

• Common buffer systems (general guidance)

  • PBS: 10–50 mM phosphate, 100–150 mM NaCl, pH 7.2–7.4; isotonic, broadly compatible with immunoassays.
  • Tris: 20–50 mM, pH 7.5–8.0; good for amine-coupling workflows; note temperature-dependent pKa.
  • HEPES: 10–50 mM, pH 7.2–7.6; excellent pH stability, CO2-independent.
  • Acetate/Citrate: 10–50 mM, pH 4.5–6.0; useful for acidic proteins or elution conditions.

• Additives and conditions

  • Salt: 150–300 mM NaCl to suppress nonspecific interactions and aggregation.
  • Stabilizers: 5–10% glycerol or 0.2–0.5 M L-arginine to mitigate aggregation; sugars (trehalose) for lyophilization.
  • Preservatives: 0.02–0.05% sodium azide for storage of non-cell applications; avoid if peroxidase assays or click chemistry planned.
  • Reducing agents: 0.5–2 mM TCEP to maintain free thiols; omit when disulfides are essential.

• Practical tips

  • Filter buffers (0.22 µm) and degas when coupling to resins or running SEC.
  • Titrate pH at working temperature; validate stability by DSF, SEC, or activity assay after buffer exchange.

Item-specific buffer recipes, if any, are not specified; refer to the CoA or formulate empirically starting from the above baselines.

Green Alternatives

For protein reagents, environmental impact often centers on buffer systems, preservatives, and cold-chain logistics rather than solvent choice.

• Greener practice options (general)

  • Buffer selection: Prefer HEPES or phosphate over Good’s buffers that are not readily biodegradable where feasible; employ minimal effective buffer concentration to reduce chemical load.
  • Preservatives: Consider low-toxicity biocides (e.g., ProClin variants at minimal levels) instead of sodium azide if downstream copper catalysis or environmental toxicity is a concern; validate stability.
  • Cold chain optimization: Consolidate shipments and use high-efficiency insulation to limit ice-pack mass; select -20 °C stability over -80 °C when validated.
  • Packaging: Use recyclable plastics where compatible; avoid over-aliquoting to minimize consumable waste.
  • Volatile/benign additives: Replace high % glycerol with trehalose/sucrose for lyophilized formats to reduce viscosity and shipping mass when stability permits.

• Tradeoffs

  • Removing azide may increase microbial risk; compensate with sterile technique and single-use aliquots.
  • Lower buffer concentration can reduce pH control near protein pI; monitor stability by DSF or activity assay.
  • Lyophilization reduces cold-chain intensity but may require dedicated reconstitution protocols and can affect activity of sensitive proteins.

Note: No item-specific formulation details are available; implement greener substitutions only after confirming that they do not compromise the protein’s performance.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No pharmaceutical or excipient role is specified for this item. This product is labeled For research use only and is not intended for human or veterinary use.

• General context (not item-specific)
  • Research-grade proteins may be used in preclinical discovery workflows (e.g., assay development, screening, mechanism studies) but are not qualified for therapeutic manufacturing.
  • Excipient-grade proteins (e.g., recombinant human serum albumin) have specific pharmacopeial requirements (identity, purity, bioburden, endotoxin); such status is not stated for this product.
  • Formulation learnings from research proteins (stability vs. pH/ionic strength, aggregation control) can inform later process development with GMP-grade materials.

Absent explicit pharmacopeial grade declarations, this product should not be used as an excipient or in clinical manufacturing. Consult Aladdin Scientific for availability of higher regulatory grades if required.

Physical Properties

• Item-specific values

  • Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular Weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Solubility: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • pI (isoelectric point): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Extinction coefficient (ε280): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • BP/MP/Density/RI/LogP: Not applicable to proteins as macromolecular solids/lyophilizates; not typically defined.

• General/literature guidance for proteins (not item-specific)

  • Physical form: Frequently supplied lyophilized or in buffered aqueous solution (e.g., PBS, Tris) with optional stabilizers (e.g., glycerol, sugars, BSA) depending on intended use.
  • Solubility: Highly sequence- and pH-dependent; enhanced near high ionic strength or with compatible osmolytes (e.g., 5–10% glycerol, 0.1–0.5 M NaCl). Avoid pH at or near the pI to minimize aggregation.
  • pH stability window: Many proteins are most stable between pH 6.5–8.5; extremes can denature or hydrolyze peptide bonds (literature).
  • Temperature stability: Denaturation rates increase with temperature; cold handling (on ice/4 °C) is generally recommended during manipulation (literature).
  • Aggregation sensitivity: Influenced by concentration, ionic strength, and oxidation; low millimolar reducing agents (e.g., TCEP) may preserve free thiols if native disulfides are not required.

Note: For exact, product-specific properties (concentration, ε280, formulation), please review the CoA or specification sheet for SKU G288842.

Quality and Grades

• Item-specific quality

  • Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Appearance/Formulation: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Interpreting typical protein product quality (general guidance)

  • Purity metrics: Frequently reported by SDS-PAGE densitometry (e.g., % purity by Coomassie/silver stain), HPLC/SEC profiles (monomer content, aggregate %), and MS for mass accuracy.
  • Activity/identity: May be demonstrated via functional assays (enzymatic turnover, binding kinetics by SPR/BLI), immunoreactivity (ELISA/Western), or peptide mapping.
  • Host cell protein/DNA/endotoxin: Critical for cell-based work. Endotoxin is typically quantified by LAL assay (EU/mg or EU/mL). Values are item-specific and must be taken from the CoA.
  • Additives: Stabilizers such as glycerol, trehalose, or carrier proteins impact downstream compatibility (e.g., glycerol affects lyophilization; BSA interferes with MS/labeling). Confirm presence/absence on the spec sheet before sensitive applications.
  • Lot-to-lot consistency: For quantitative studies, request the CoA and, if needed, reserve a lot. Track protein concentration determination method (A280 vs. BCA) and extinction coefficient.

Note: Without disclosed grade, users should verify fit-for-purpose with the supplier’s CoA and perform small-scale pilot tests in critical assays.

Reaction and Applications

Item-specific manufacturer applications were not provided. The following are general use-cases for protein reagents; confirm applicability to this item via the CoA/spec sheet.

• Typical laboratory applications (general)

  • Analytical standards and controls for SDS-PAGE/Western blot, ELISA calibration, or enzymatic activity benchmarking.
  • Binding/interaction studies using SPR, BLI, ITC, MST, or pull-down assays to quantify affinity and kinetics.
  • Structural biology: sample for SEC-MALS, circular dichroism, differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF), cryo-EM/X-ray crystallography screening.
  • Bioconjugation: NHS-ester labeling of Lys, maleimide coupling to Cys, enzymatic tagging (Sortase, Transglutaminase), and click chemistry after azido/alkyne introduction.
  • Cell biology: ligand stimulation or capture reagents in flow cytometry/IF, provided the protein is biologically active and endotoxin-controlled.

• Practical tips (general)

  • Pre-clear buffers through 0.22 µm to reduce particulates; use low-protein-binding consumables.
  • Assess monodispersity by SEC or DLS before sensitive assays; filter or polish by SEC if aggregates are present.
  • Determine concentration accurately (A280 with correct ε and MW; or BCA) and record buffer composition for reproducibility.
  • If immobilizing, optimize coupling pH (NHS chemistry ~pH 7.2–7.5; maleimide ~pH 6.5–7.0) and quench unreacted sites.

Note: Specific activity, binding targets, or assay suitability for G 5555 (SKU G288842) are not specified; verify fit-for-purpose experimentally.

Reaction Conditions

No item-specific reaction conditions are provided. Below are general conditions for common protein conjugation/handling workflows (literature guidance; not product-specific):

• NHS-ester labeling (Lys)

  • Buffer: 50 mM PBS or sodium bicarbonate, pH 7.5–8.5 (amine-free; avoid Tris).
  • Protein concentration: 0.5–5 mg/mL.
  • Reagent equivalents: 2–10× molar per accessible Lys; time 15–60 min at RT.
  • Quench: 50 mM Tris or ethanolamine; purify by SEC/desalting.

• Maleimide–thiol coupling (Cys)

  • Buffer: 50 mM phosphate or HEPES, pH 6.5–7.0 (amine-containing buffers acceptable).
  • Reduce selectively if needed (1–2 mM TCEP, brief); exclude excess reductant before coupling.
  • Equivalents: 1.2–3×; time 30–90 min at RT; avoid >pH 7.5 to limit hydrolysis.

• EDC/NHS carboxyl coupling

  • Buffer: 50 mM MES, pH 5.0–6.0 (amine-free); activate 5–10 min, then react with amine-bearing partner at pH 7.0–7.5.

• Click chemistry (SPAAC)

  • Buffer: PBS/HEPES, pH 7.0–7.5; copper-free to preserve protein integrity; typical times 0.5–2 h at RT.

• Stability assessments

  • Monitor by SDS-PAGE, SEC, and DSF; confirm labeling degree by UV/Vis or MS.

These ranges are starting points; optimize for your specific protein and application.

Safety and Handling

• GHS information (from Product Data)

  • Signal Word: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
  • H-Statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
  • GHS Classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
  • Pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.

• General laboratory safety for protein reagents (not item-specific; follow institutional SOPs)

  • PPE: Lab coat, gloves (nitrile), and safety glasses as baseline. Change gloves frequently to avoid protease contamination.
  • Handling: Keep on ice during preparation; minimize time at ambient temperature to reduce proteolysis/denaturation. Use sterile, low-protein-binding plastics when purity/activity is critical.
  • Incompatibilities: Avoid strong oxidants (can modify Met/Cys), extreme pH, and organic solvents that denature proteins. Azide-containing buffers are incompatible with copper-catalyzed click reactions and certain peroxidase assays.
  • Engineering controls: Work in a clean area or biosafety cabinet if sterility is required. Use protease-free water and reagents to prevent degradation.
  • First aid (general): In case of contact, rinse with water. If inhaled as aerosol/powder, move to fresh air. Seek medical attention per SDS guidance.
  • Spill response: Absorb aqueous solutions with inert material; clean with appropriate disinfectant if biological contamination risk exists. For lyophilizates, avoid dust generation.

Always defer to the product’s SDS for authoritative hazard, toxicological, and disposal information.

Solvent Selection

This product is a protein reagent; selection centers on aqueous buffer systems rather than organic solvents.

• Buffer selection (general best practices)

  • Common systems: PBS (pH 7.2–7.4), Tris (pH 7.5–8.0), HEPES (pH 7.2–7.6), or acetate (pH 4.5–5.5) depending on stability and intended assays.
  • Ionic strength: 100–300 mM NaCl often reduces nonspecific interactions and aggregation; optimize empirically.
  • Additives: 5–10% glycerol or 0.2–0.5 M arginine can mitigate aggregation; 0.05–0.1% nonionic detergents (Tween-20, Triton X-100) can stabilize some proteins but may interfere with MS/labeling.
  • Redox: TCEP (0.5–2 mM) maintains free thiols without metal chelation issues of DTT; avoid if disulfides are critical for activity.
  • Metals/chelators: EDTA (0.5–2 mM) protects against metalloprotease activity but will inhibit metalloenzymes and interfere with His-tag purification.

• When to choose vs alternatives

  • Choose phosphate buffers for compatibility with many biochemical assays and stability near neutral pH.
  • Favor HEPES for superior pH buffering in CO2-independent cell-free systems and minimal temperature-dependent pKa shift.
  • Use volatile buffers (ammonium bicarbonate, formate) for MS workflows to facilitate desalting and lyophilization.

Note: Organic solvents are generally avoided; if required (e.g., for hydrophobic peptide segments), keep below denaturation thresholds and validate activity post-exposure.

Storage and Reconstitution

• Item-specific instructions (from Product Data)

  • Storage Conditions: Store at -20°C.
  • Shipping: Ice chest + Ice pads (cold chain maintained).

• General reconstitution and handling for protein reagents (not item-specific)

  • Reconstitution: If supplied lyophilized, dissolve gently in an appropriate cold buffer (e.g., PBS, HEPES) to the desired concentration. Avoid vigorous vortexing; mix by gentle pipetting or slow inversion.
  • Aliquoting: Immediately aliquot into single-use portions to avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles. Use low-protein-binding tubes.
  • Stabilizers: If compatible with downstream use, consider 5–10% glycerol or 0.1–0.5 M trehalose for frozen or lyophilized stability, respectively. Avoid sodium azide for peroxidase-based assays or copper-catalyzed click reactions.
  • Freeze–thaw: Minimize cycles; if unavoidable, maintain at ≤2 cycles and assess activity post-thaw. Snap-freeze aliquots in dry-ice/ethanol or liquid nitrogen for best retention.
  • Short-term storage: Keep on ice during use; 4 °C storage for hours to a few days may be acceptable depending on preservative and stability (verify experimentally).

• Documentation

  • Record the final buffer composition, pH, concentration, and lot number in your ELN. Consult the CoA/spec sheet for any item-specific reconstitution volume, stabilizers, or concentration data that supersede the above general guidance.

Structure and Identity

Brief overview: This listing is categorized under proteins; no sequence or protein family is provided. Small‑molecule identifiers (CAS/CID) are present in the listing but core structural descriptors are not supplied.

• Item-specific identifiers (from Product Data)
  • CAS: 1648863-90-4
  • CID: 91664373
  • InChIKey: 452238 (as provided)
  • Molecular Formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular Weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Identity context and structural features (general for proteins; literature)
  • Proteins are macromolecules composed of amino acid polymers linked by peptide bonds, displaying defined primary sequence, higher-order structure (secondary, tertiary, ± quaternary), and post-translational modifications (e.g., disulfides, glycosylation) depending on expression system.
  • Typical functional groups: backbone amide, side-chain acids/bases (Asp/Glu, Lys/Arg/His), nucleophiles (Cys/Ser/Thr), aromatics (Phe/Tyr/Trp), and potential conjugation handles (N-terminus, Lys ε-NH2, Cys thiols).
  • 2D depiction (general): linear polypeptide chain with repeating –NH–CH(R)–CO– units; sidechains project alternately; termini are NH3+/NH2 (N-term) and COO−/COOH (C-term), buffer-dependent.
• Notes
  • As this product lacks a disclosed sequence or domain annotation, precise isoelectric point, extinction coefficient, and stoichiometry of modifiable residues cannot be stated here. Please consult the Certificate of Analysis (CoA) if available.

Synthetic Utility

Although proteins are not “synthetic reagents” in the small-molecule sense, they serve as valuable scaffolds and targets in chemical biology. No item-specific functional groups or tags are disclosed; the following outlines general utility.

• Functional handles for conjugation (general)

  • Lysine ε-amines and N-termini: React with NHS-esters, isothiocyanates, or aldehydes (via reductive amination) to install fluorophores, biotin, or affinity tags.
  • Cysteine thiols: React with maleimides, haloacetamides, or disulfide exchange for site-selective labeling; maintain pH 6.5–7.0 to limit maleimide hydrolysis.
  • Carboxylates (Asp/Glu/C-terminus): Activated via carbodiimide chemistry (EDC/NHS) for amide bond formation.
  • Glycans (if present): Periodate oxidation enables oxime/hydrazone ligation to introduced aldehydes.

• Higher-order applications

  • Immobilization on solid supports (NHS-activated resins, Ni-NTA for His-tags, streptavidin–biotin) for affinity chromatography or biosensors.
  • Crosslinking (homobifunctional or heterobifunctional reagents) to probe protein–protein interactions or stabilize complexes.
  • Bio-orthogonal chemistry: SPAAC/IEDDA after metabolic or enzymatic installation of azide/alkene/alkyne handles.

• Practical considerations

  • Control stoichiometry to avoid over-labeling and activity loss; characterize by intact MS/peptide mapping.
  • Desalt/remove excess reagents rapidly (spin columns, SEC) to preserve activity.

Without item-specific sequence or tag information, selection of chemistry and sites must be determined empirically.

Target Specificity

• Item-specific target information
  • Antigen/Target: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Species reactivity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Isotype/Clone/Tag: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Note: This product is categorized as a protein, but no target, sequence, or affinity data are disclosed. For application planning, obtain the lot-specific CoA or contact technical support.