Graveoline - Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO , CAS No.485-61-0

CAS: 485-61-0 Cat. No.: G1495700 Fórmula: C₁₇H₁₃NO₃ Peso molecular: 279.29

GRADE & PURITY Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO

Storage

Store at -80°C

Shipped In

Dry ice packs + Cold packs

Descripción general

Graveoline (Rutamine) is an anti-cancer agent that can trigger apoptosis and autophagy in skin melanoma cells. Graveoline also exhibits antifungal activity.

Specifications

Especificaciones y pureza

Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO

Condiciones de almacenamiento de almacenamiento

Store at -80°C

Enviado en

Dry ice packs + Cold packs

Este producto requiere envío en cadena de frío. Los servicios terrestres y otros servicios económicos no están disponibles.

Grado

Moligand™

Nombres e identificadores

• Isómeros SMILES: CN1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C=C1C3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4
• Peso molecular: 279.29
• Reaxy-Rn: 546246
• Reaxys-RN_link_address: https://www.reaxys.com/reaxys/secured/hopinto.do?context=S&query=IDE.XRN=546246&ln=

Propiedades químicas y físicas

• Punto de ebullición (°C): 436.7°C at 760 mmHg
• Punto de fusión (°C): 204-205 °C

Application Protocols

The Product Data do not include validated bioassay protocols for this specific compound. The following are general best practices for handling small-molecule screening ligands.

DMSO stock preparation

• Equilibrate vial to room temperature in a desiccator before opening to avoid condensation.
• Prepare a 10–50 mM stock in anhydrous DMSO. Mix gently (vortex/sonicate briefly). If undissolved material remains, warm to 37–40°C and sonicate; reassess by visual inspection and LC/MS.
• Aliquot into low-bind tubes (10–50 µL) to minimize headspace and freeze–thaw cycles.

Plate handling for HTS

• Thaw aliquots on ice or at RT, spin briefly to collect condensate, and keep protected from light if the compound is chromophoric.
• Dispense using acoustic or pin-tool transfer to achieve uniform final DMSO (e.g., 0.1–0.5%). Include vehicle controls and, if available, positive/negative control ligands.

Assay troubleshooting

• Watch for precipitation or edge effects; validate solubility in assay media at working concentration.
• Evaluate potential assay interference (fluorescence, absorbance, redox) with orthogonal readouts or detergent controls.

Analytics

• Track integrity over time by LC/MS and HPLC area%; retest after >3 months storage or >3 freeze–thaw cycles.

Biological Roles

Item-specific biological function or targets are not provided in the Product Data, and no claims of therapeutic or clinical utility are made. This product is supplied strictly for research use.

General context for small-molecule ligands

• Natural product-like scaffolds and alkaloid-like chemotypes are frequently explored as tool compounds in biochemical and cell-based assays to interrogate pathways, binding sites, or phenotypes.
• When used in discovery biology, establish baseline properties experimentally: apparent solubility in assay media, chemical stability (e.g., against oxidation or hydrolysis), and potential assay interferences (intrinsic fluorescence/UV absorbance, redox cycling, PAINS structural alerts if applicable).
• If target engagement is suggested, confirm with orthogonal measurements (thermal shift, SPR/BLI, CETSA, chemoproteomics) and include appropriate counter-screens.

Note

• Any specific metabolic pathways, transport, or enzymatic interactions for “graveoline” must be verified from primary literature tied to the exact CAS (485-61-0) and the supplied CoA/structure before drawing conclusions. Avoid extrapolating from similarly named compounds without structural confirmation.

Buffer Applications

This product is a small organic molecule intended as a screening ligand; it is not a buffering agent. Therefore, classical buffer formulation guidance (pH range, buffer capacity, recipes) does not apply.

Practical notes for assay buffers

• Prepare working solutions by diluting DMSO stocks into pre-warmed assay buffer with thorough mixing to avoid local supersaturation and precipitation.
• Maintain constant final DMSO content across wells (e.g., 0.1% or 0.5%) to prevent solvent-driven assay variability.
• If the compound exhibits intrinsic absorbance or fluorescence, select buffer systems and plate materials compatible with your readout to minimize background.

Green Alternatives

Because this item is primarily used as a screening ligand, the main environmental lever is solvent choice for dissolution and analytics.

Greener solvent considerations (general)

• Prefer aqueous buffers with minimal DMSO (≤0.1–0.5% v/v) in biochemical assays when solubility permits.
• Use ethanol (EtOH) as a more benign co-solvent where compatible with the assay, recognizing its lower solubilizing power vs DMSO.
• For chromatography, adopt water-rich LC methods (e.g., water–acetonitrile with formic acid or ammonium buffers) and minimize flow rates/samples to reduce solvent consumption.

Illustrative trade-offs (general)

• DMSO: Excellent solvency and chemical inertness in stock solutions; higher persistence and disposal burden.
• Ethanol: Greener profile and easy disposal; may not dissolve hydrophobic scaffolds at high concentration and can perturb biological assays at >1%.
• 2-Propanol: Useful as an intermediate choice; higher viscosity and assay impact above ~1%.

Operational practices

• Scale stocks to experimental need to reduce waste; aliquot to avoid repeated thawing.
• Employ miniaturized assay formats (384- or 1536-well) to minimize solvent and compound usage.
• Collect solvent waste streams separately and dispose according to institutional green-chemistry policies.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No pharmacopeial status, excipient role, or clinical use is provided or implied for this item. It is supplied for research use only.

Relevant non-clinical uses (general)

• Analytical reference: May be used as a reference material to develop or validate chromatographic/MS methods in discovery or natural products research, pending verification of identity and purity from the CoA.
• Discovery and preclinical research: Can be employed as a test article in in vitro assays or early-stage exploratory studies to evaluate structure–activity relationships. Any scale-up, formulation, or in vivo work requires additional safety, stability, and regulatory assessments not covered by this listing.

Formulation notes for research settings

• For in vitro work, formulate as DMSO concentrates and dilute into assay media within solvent tolerances.
• For non-clinical in vivo method development (if pursued under institutional approval), vehicle selection (e.g., PEG400/saline, Captisol, or lipid-based systems) must be optimized empirically and is outside the scope of this product documentation.

Physical Properties

Item-specific specifications are not provided in the Product Data for this catalog entry.

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Melting point: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Boiling point: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Density: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Solubility: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• pKa, logP/logD: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Refractive index/optical rotation: Not applicable to solids; if liquid, not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Practical guidance (general, literature-informed for small-molecule screening compounds)

• Small-molecule library members are commonly supplied as dry solids or pre-dosed film; they are typically reconstituted in anhydrous DMSO (10–50 mM) before dilution into assay media. Verify solubility experimentally, as behavior can vary with lot, polymorph, and counter-ions (if any).
• If insolubility is encountered in DMSO, co-solvent strategies (DMF, MeOH, or DMSO:water with surfactant) and mild warming/sonication may help. Always confirm integrity by LC/MS after aggressive dissolution steps.

Quality and Grades

• Grade/Purity: Moligand™ (item-specific). Moligand™ designates inclusion in a small-molecule/ligand screening collection suitable for discovery biology and chemoproteomics workflows.

What Moligand™ typically implies (general guidance)

• Suitability for screening: Provided as a structurally defined small molecule intended for target screening, SAR exploration, or chemoinformatics-enriched libraries.
• Documentation: Structural identity and purity are typically supported by analytical data (e.g., LC/MS, NMR, or HPLC area%). Exact test methods and any acceptance criteria are batch-specific—refer to the CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Impurities and stabilizers: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. If stabilizers are present (e.g., to prevent oxidation), they will be declared on the CoA and label.
• UV/fluorescence behavior: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. If the compound is chromophoric, low-UV solvents may be required for HPLC analytics.

What to verify on receipt

• Confirm lot-specific assay (purity), identity, and salt/form where applicable. Verify mass balance and reconstitution behavior (e.g., clarity in DMSO at intended stock concentration). Document with your lab’s intake QC (LC/MS, HPLC, NMR) before HTS deployment.

Reaction and Applications

This catalog item is positioned as a Moligand™ small-molecule ligand for screening and discovery rather than as a general-purpose reagent.

Applications (research use)

• Biochemical and cellular screening: Use as a defined small-molecule test article in enzyme, receptor, or phenotypic assays to probe activity and generate SAR hypotheses.
• Chemoproteomics/affinity profiling: When appropriate, can serve as a parent scaffold for probe development (e.g., linker installation), following confirmation of activity and selectivity. Any derivatization strategy should be informed by the compound’s substitution map from the CoA/structure file.
• Analytical reference: Can function as a reference material for method development (HPLC/LC–MS retention time, MS fragmentation), subject to verified identity and purity.

Not typically applicable

• Named-reaction roles (e.g., coupling partners, nucleophiles) are not established for this specific catalog item in the Product Data. If synthetic derivatization is planned, consult the primary literature for scaffold-appropriate transformations and verify functionality by NMR/LC–MS at each step.

Practical tips

• Maintain anhydrous conditions for DMSO stocks; test compound integrity periodically (LC/MS, HPLC area%) during screening campaigns.
• If activity is observed, perform orthogonal counterscreens (e.g., detergent sensitivity, redox interference controls) to de-risk assay artifacts common for aromatic small molecules.

Reaction Conditions

No item-specific reaction conditions are provided, and this compound is not positioned as a general reagent. Therefore, there are no standard “named-reaction” conditions to recommend for this catalog entry.

General guidance if derivatization is pursued (structure-dependent; verify against CoA)

• Solvents: Dry polar aprotic solvents (e.g., DMF, DMSO, acetonitrile) are common for heteroaromatic alkylations/acylations; dichloromethane or toluene for electrophilic substitutions where applicable.
• Bases/acids: Cesium carbonate, DIPEA, or potassium carbonate for N/O-alkylations; mild acids (AcOH, TFA) for deprotections where compatible.
• Temperatures: 0–25°C for sensitive electrophiles; 40–80°C for sluggish substitutions. Always monitor by LC/MS to avoid overreaction and decomposition.
• Workup/purification: Quench with water/brine, extract with suitable organic solvents, and purify by flash or prep HPLC as dictated by polarity.

Important: The above are general literature practices for small-molecule derivatization and are not specific to graveoline. Consult primary literature tied to CAS 485-61-0 and confirm structural compatibility before applying any condition.

Safety and Handling

• GHS classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Signal word / H-statements / Pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Research Use: For research use only (Product Data). Not for human or veterinary use.

General laboratory precautions (defer to SDS for authoritative guidance)

• PPE: Wear lab coat, safety glasses, and appropriate chemically resistant gloves. Use in a fume hood to minimize inhalation exposure, especially during weighing or dissolution.
• Avoid: Incompatible materials are not specified; as a precaution, avoid strong oxidizers and strong acids/bases until compatibility is known. Prevent dust/aerosol formation.
• First aid (general): In case of skin contact, wash with soap and water; for eye exposure, rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; if inhaled, move to fresh air; if ingested, rinse mouth. Seek medical attention if symptoms occur. Follow site-specific EHS procedures.
• Spill response: Absorb solids/liquids with inert material, avoid dust generation, and dispose according to institutional and local regulations.
• Stability considerations: Store at -80°C as specified. Minimize freeze–thaw cycles; protect from light and moisture to preserve integrity of small organic molecules.

Solvent Selection

Given the use case as a Moligand™ screening compound and the absence of item-specific solubility specs, begin with a conservative dissolution screen.

Recommended solvent strategy (general for small molecules)

• Primary solvent: Anhydrous DMSO (analytical or cell-culture grade) at 10–50 mM stock concentration, filtered if needed (0.2 µm PTFE) to remove particulates.
• Secondary options: DMF or methanol for initial dissolution, followed by dilution into DMSO to prepare the master stock. Confirm chemical stability by LC/MS after co-solvent use.
• Aqueous work: Dilute DMSO stocks into assay buffer to ≤0.1–1.0% v/v DMSO final (per assay tolerance). Add slowly with mixing to avoid precipitation.
• Surfactants: If precipitation occurs, consider 0.01–0.05% non-ionic surfactant (e.g., Tween-20 or Pluronic F-68) in assay media, subject to assay compatibility.

Comparison (general)

• DMSO vs MeOH: DMSO affords broader solubility and lower volatility; MeOH can facilitate initial wetting but may disrupt some bioassays at >1%.
• DMSO vs DMF: DMF can improve dissolution for polar heteroaromatics but is often less favored in live-cell assays. Limit residual DMF to ≤0.1% if used.

Note: Always verify solubility and absence of aggregates by visual inspection and, when critical, by DLS or detergent-sensitive assay controls.

Storage and Reconstitution

• Storage conditions (item-specific): Store at -80°C (Product Data). Keep tightly closed in the original container, protected from moisture and light.
• Shipping (item-specific): Shipped on dry ice packs + cold packs (Product Data) to maintain low temperature and integrity during transit.
• Form on receipt: Appearance not specified; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet. Allow container to reach room temperature in a desiccator before opening to prevent condensation.

Reconstitution (general guidance for small molecules)

• Solvent: Use anhydrous DMSO for initial stock preparation (typical 10–50 mM). If needed, employ gentle warming (≤40°C) and brief sonication to dissolve.
• Filtration: If particulate persists, pass through a 0.2 µm PTFE syringe filter. Confirm that no adsorption losses are significant at your concentration.
• Aliquoting: Dispense into single-use aliquots to prevent repeated freeze–thaw; minimize headspace and store in amber vials if light sensitive.

Stability and handling

• Minimize freeze–thaw events; keep thawed aliquots at 2–8°C during the working day and refreeze promptly. Discard aliquots showing discoloration, precipitate not resolubilized by DMSO, or failed identity/purity on LC/MS.
• Long-term: For storage beyond 6–12 months, periodically re-qualify by LC/MS and HPLC area% to confirm no degradation under -80°C conditions.

Structure and Identity

• Product name: Graveoline (SKU: G1495700)
• CAS: 485-61-0 (item-specific, Product Data)
• PubChem CID: 353825 (item-specific, Product Data)
• Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Structural description

• Item-specific structural identifiers are not provided in the Product Data. For definitive atom connectivity, stereochemistry (if any), and canonical identifiers, please consult the product CoA/Spec Sheet or authoritative databases corresponding to the listed CAS and CID.
• Literature context (general, not item-specific): The name “graveoline” has been used in natural products literature for an alkaloid scaffold isolated from Rutaceae species. Exact ring system and functional group details should be verified against the CoA/Spec Sheet for this catalog item to avoid ambiguity due to nomenclature variants in the literature.

Synthetic Utility

The Product Data present this item as a Moligand™ screening compound rather than a synthetic building block. Consequently, it is not routinely used as a reagent or coupling partner in preparative chemistry.

Potential uses in a medicinal chemistry context (general)

• Scaffold exploration: If structural information supports modifiable positions, analogs can be prepared to probe SAR (e.g., halogenation, O-/N-alkylation/acylation, or cross-coupling from pre-installed handles). The feasibility and regioselectivity of any transformation must be verified against the confirmed structure from the CoA.
• Probe development: Attachment points for linkers, photoaffinity groups, or reporter tags can be identified based on non-essential regions of the scaffold after preliminary SAR mapping.

Caveats

• Without item-specific functional group data, no reaction recommendations can be made. Before any derivatization, determine the exact substitution pattern and protect reactive moieties as needed.
• Perform small-scale feasibility reactions and monitor by LC/MS. Purify by reversed-phase prep HPLC when compounds are moderately polar; use normal-phase silica for nonpolar derivatives.

Target Specificity

• Target(s), binding site(s), or enzyme/receptor specificity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and any accompanying application notes.

Notes

• This Moligand™ product is furnished without claims of biological selectivity. Any reported target engagement must be independently verified in your system using orthogonal assays (e.g., biochemical kinetics, biophysical binding, cell-based phenotypes) and appropriate counterscreens.
• If literature references suggest activity for compounds with similar names, ensure exact structural identity (CAS 485-61-0) before extrapolating specificity.