IRDye 700DX , CAS No.916821-46-0

CAS: 916821-46-0 Cat. No.: I1455146 Fórmula: C₇₄H₉₆N₁₂Na₄O₂₇S₆Si₃ Peso molecular: 1954.22

Storage

Protected from light,Store at -20°C,Desiccated

Shipped In

Ice chest + Ice pads

Descripción general

IRDye 700DX (IRDye 700DX NHS ester) is a near-infrared (NIR) phthalocyanine dye that acts as a highly flexible photosensitizer.

Specifications

Condiciones de almacenamiento de almacenamiento

Protected from light,Store at -20°C,Desiccated

Enviado en

Ice chest + Ice pads

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Nombres e identificadores

Peso molecular

1954.22

Application Protocols

Item-specific validated applications and dilutions: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General/literature protocols for IRDye 700DX–labeled materials (for context):

• Western blot imaging:
  • Use membranes blocked with casein or BSA; probe with 700DX-labeled secondary antibody at manufacturer-recommended dilution (commonly in the 1:5,000–1:50,000 range depending on conjugate, literature). Wash thoroughly in TBS-T. Image on NIR-compatible scanner using the ~700 nm channel.
• In-gel fluorescence:
  • Post-electrophoresis, fix gels if necessary; rinse to reduce background. Image directly under NIR excitation. Avoid overloading dye-labeled samples to limit band broadening.
• Plate-based assays:
  • Prepare dye-labeled ligands/analytes at low nM concentrations to minimize inner-filter effects. Read using appropriate excitation/emission settings or scanner channel.
• General handling:
  • Maintain samples protected from light. Filter working solutions (0.22 µm) to remove aggregates. Validate performance by measuring absorbance at the dye’s λmax and calculating concentration using the extinction coefficient from the CoA.

These are illustrative, literature-based guidelines and not product-specific instructions. Consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for SKU I1455146 and your instrument’s user manual for exact settings.

Biological Roles

Item-specific biological function: Not applicable as an endogenous biomolecule; IRDye 700DX is a synthetic near-infrared fluorophore for research labeling.

General/literature perspective:

• Mode of use: Functions as a photophysical reporter appended to biomolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids) to enable detection, quantitation, and localization via NIR fluorescence.
• Advantages in bioanalytical contexts (literature):
  • NIR excitation/emission reduces background autofluorescence from biological samples and plastics, improving sensitivity in blots, gels, and plate assays.
  • High photostability supports prolonged imaging and repeated scans without rapid signal decay.
• Multiplexing: Often paired with a spectrally distinct NIR dye (e.g., ~800 nm channel) to enable two-color assays with minimal spectral overlap (literature). This is valuable for ratiometric analyses and internal controls in proteomics workflows.
• Biocompatibility considerations (literature):
  • Many IR dyes are designed with sulfonate groups to reduce nonspecific binding and improve aqueous behavior. Final biocompatibility depends on the conjugated biomolecule and buffer composition.

Important: No therapeutic or clinical utility is implied. Use is restricted to research applications as labeling agents and optical reporters.

Buffer Applications

Direct buffer roles: IRDye 700DX itself is not a buffering agent and is not used to control pH.

General/literature guidance for dye handling and conjugation buffers:

• Stock solutions:
  • Prepare concentrated stocks in anhydrous DMSO (e.g., 1–10 mM) to minimize hydrolysis/aggregation, then dilute into the working aqueous buffer immediately before use.
• Amine-reactive labeling (NHS ester derivatives; literature):
  • Use carbonate/bicarbonate or borate buffer, pH 8.3–8.8. Avoid primary amine buffers (Tris, glycine) during conjugation; they quench the reaction. After conjugation, exchange into PBS/TBS as desired.
• Thiol-reactive labeling (maleimide derivatives; literature):
  • Use phosphate or HEPES buffer, pH 6.5–7.5. Degas buffers to limit thiol oxidation. Avoid excess free thiols post-conjugation.
• General imaging buffers:
  • For blot/gel imaging of dye-labeled biomolecules, PBS or TBS with low Tween-20 (0.05–0.1%) can reduce nonspecific adsorption. Keep samples protected from light.
• Filtration/desalting:
  • Use 0.22 µm filtration to remove dust/aggregates from working solutions. Employ desalting columns or spin filters (e.g., 7–10 kDa MWCO for proteins) to remove unreacted dye post-labeling (literature).

Note: The specific reactive form of SKU I1455146 is not provided. Choose buffers according to the actual derivative noted on the CoA/Spec Sheet.

Green Alternatives

Context: While dyes themselves are specialty materials, greener practice focuses on solvent minimization, safer reagents in conjugation, and durable labels that reduce repeat experiments.

Greener practice options (literature/practice):

• Solvent choices:
  • Prefer water or aqueous buffers for dissolution when using highly sulfonated 700DX derivatives; otherwise, use minimal volumes of DMSO as a co-solvent rather than neat DMF.
  • Avoid chlorinated solvents. Implement micro-scale labeling to reduce solvent volumes.
• Process improvements:
  • High photostability of IRDye 700DX (literature) can reduce re-runs due to photobleaching, lowering reagent and energy consumption.
  • Use solid-phase or on-cartridge labeling where possible to streamline purification and reduce waste.
• Alternative dyes (literature comparison):
  • Some visible fluorophores (e.g., fluorescein, rhodamine) work in aqueous media but suffer from higher background/autofluorescence and lower tissue/gel transparency, potentially increasing repeats.
  • Other NIR dyes (e.g., ~800 nm class) enable deeper multiplexing; selection should be based on instrument compatibility to avoid rework.

Illustrative comparison (literature, non-spec):

• 700DX vs typical visible dyes: lower autofluorescence background in many matrices; often higher photostability; may require DMSO/DMF co-solvent for hydrophobic variants.

Note: Green credentials depend strongly on the specific derivative, solvent system, and workflow. Consult your method SOPs to implement aqueous-first strategies and minimize hazardous waste.

Pharmaceutical Uses

This product is supplied for research use only and is not intended for human or veterinary use.

General/literature context (non-clinical):

• Role in development workflows: Near-infrared dyes like IRDye 700DX are employed as analytical labels in process development, assay qualification, and device calibration. They may be used to track biomolecules during purification, assess conjugation efficiency, or develop imaging-based release assays in R&D settings.
• Excipient status: IRDye-class fluorophores are not typical pharmacopeial excipients. When dyes are used in regulated environments (e.g., diagnostic kit components), they require internal qualification and documentation of identity, purity, and stability.
• Formulation notes (R&D): For conjugated biomolecules, formulation buffers (PBS, histidine, HEPES) and stabilizers (sugars, surfactants) are chosen to preserve both the biomolecule and fluorescence. Light protection and oxygen control may be applied to maximize shelf-life.

No claims are made regarding therapeutic, diagnostic, or clinical utility. For any regulated use, consult internal QA and regulatory guidance and obtain detailed CoA/Spec Sheet for this SKU.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physical constants (specification values):

• Boiling point, melting point, density, refractive index, solubility, logP, pKa: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General/literature characteristics for IRDye 700DX–type NIR dyes (non-spec):

• Spectral (literature, typical for the dye family and conjugates):
  • Absorption maximum: ~685–690 nm
  • Emission maximum: ~700–720 nm
  • Molar extinction coefficient: often on the order of 1–2 × 10^5 M^-1 cm^-1
  • Quantum yield: moderate; engineered for high photostability relative to many visible dyes.
• Solubility behavior (literature):
  • Many 700DX derivatives contain sulfonate groups and are soluble in aqueous buffers (PBS, TBS) and polar organic solvents (DMSO, DMF). The unfunctionalized core or hydrophobic variants may require DMSO/DMF for dissolution prior to aqueous dilution.
• Aggregation (literature):
  • Like other planar NIR dyes, can self-associate at high concentration; maintain low micromolar or below for consistent photophysics.
• Photostability (literature):
  • Notable resistance to photobleaching compared to many visible-range dyes; nonetheless, protect from light to preserve signal.

Important: Do not treat literature ranges as product specifications. For exact numeric properties and extinction coefficients tied to this SKU, consult the CoA/Spec Sheet.

Quality and Grades

Item-specific grade/purity and appearance:

• Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General notes on quality for NIR dyes (literature/practice):

• Dye quality is typically characterized by spectral profile (λmax, shape, emission), apparent extinction coefficient, and impurity profile (HPLC/UPLC area percent). For labeling reagents, residual free acid vs reactive ester content is critical.
• HPLC-grade dye materials exhibit low levels of colored/fluorescent impurities that can elevate background in imaging assays. Spectral purity ensures minimal shoulders or red/blue-shifted components that complicate multiplexing.
• Stabilizers: Some reactive derivatives (e.g., NHS esters) may include trace stabilizers or are packaged under inert gas/desiccant to minimize hydrolysis. If stabilizers are used, they will be disclosed on the CoA/Spec Sheet for the specific lot.
• Lot-to-lot verification: Users commonly verify absorption/emission maxima and compute dye-to-protein (D/P) ratios post-conjugation to ensure performance. Provide extinction coefficients specific to the item if available on the CoA to enable accurate quantitation.

Recommendation:

• Consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for this SKU for definitive grade, purity (area %), residual solvents, and any stabilizers or counterions present. Use freshly opened material for critical labeling work to minimize hydrolysis or oxidative drift.

Reaction and Applications

Scope: As a NIR fluorescent dye, IRDye 700DX is primarily used in analytical labeling and detection rather than classical organic synthesis.

General/literature applications:

• Bioconjugation and labeling:
  • Protein labeling (e.g., antibodies, streptavidin): via NHS ester (amines) or maleimide (thiols) derivatives of the 700DX chromophore.
  • Nucleic acid labeling: modification of oligonucleotides at 5′ or internal positions during solid-phase synthesis or post-synthetically via appropriate functionalized dye.
  • Surface labeling: coupling to amine/thiol/azide-bearing surfaces (membranes, microarrays, nanoparticles) using corresponding reactive handles (NHS, maleimide, azide/alkyne) (literature).
• Analytical detection:
  • Near-infrared fluorescence readouts for Western blotting, in-gel imaging, and plate-based assays; NIR background autofluorescence is low, improving signal-to-noise (literature).
  • Multiplexing with spectrally distinct partners (e.g., a 800–820 nm dye) to enable dual-color detection with minimal cross-talk, given the narrow emission bands (literature).
• Photophysical advantages (literature): high photostability permits longer exposures and repeated scans; suitable for high-sensitivity detection in LI-COR-type scanners.

Practical tips (literature/practice):

• Minimize light exposure during conjugation and purification. Work at low micromolar concentrations to avoid aggregation-induced quenching.
• Verify labeling via absorbance ratio (dye-specific Amax to A280) and calculate dye-to-protein ratio; optimize to balance signal and biomolecule function (often D/P ~2–5 for IgG, literature).

Note: The exact reactive form of SKU I1455146 is not specified; tailor reactions to the functional derivative provided on the CoA/Spec Sheet.

Reaction Conditions

Item-specific reaction conditions: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet for the exact reactive form and recommended protocols.

General/literature guidance for common IRDye 700DX derivatives:

• NHS ester (amine labeling):
  • Solvent: Anhydrous DMSO stock; dilute into carbonate/borate buffer (pH 8.3–8.8).
  • Temperature/time: Room temperature, 30–90 min typical.
  • Stoichiometry: 3–10 molar equivalents of dye per protein amine site (often 3–6 eq per IgG) to target D/P ~2–5.
  • Quench: Add Tris or glycine after reaction; purify by desalting/SEC.
• Maleimide (thiol labeling):
  • Buffer: Phosphate or HEPES, pH 6.5–7.5; include 1–5 mM EDTA to limit metal-catalyzed oxidation.
  • Temperature/time: Room temperature, 30–120 min. Degas buffers.
  • Stoichiometry: 1.2–3 eq per accessible thiol.
• Click chemistry (azide/alkyne):
  • Solvent: Aqueous buffer with small % DMSO; CuAAC (CuSO4 + ligand + reductant) or SPAAC (copper-free) depending on sensitivity of biomolecule.

Yields and performance (literature):

• Conjugation efficiencies commonly >70% for well-exposed residues; purification typically recovers 50–90% of labeled biomolecule depending on scale and method.

Always verify with small-scale trials, monitor by absorbance/fluorescence, and optimize to your target’s stability constraints.

Safety and Handling

Item-specific hazard classification (from Product Data):

• Signal Word: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• H-Statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• GHS Classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.

General laboratory handling guidance for organic NIR dyes (literature/practice):

• Avoid inhalation of powders/aerosols and contact with skin/eyes. Use in a fume hood when weighing/dissolving; avoid creating dust. Wear appropriate PPE: lab coat, nitrile gloves, and safety glasses or goggles.
• Protect from light during all handling to minimize photodegradation; wrap vials/tubes in aluminum foil or use amber glassware.
• Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers and strong acids/bases may degrade the chromophore or reactive handles (if present). Avoid prolonged exposure to aqueous base for NHS esters; avoid thiol-rich environments for maleimides unless conjugating (literature).
• First aid (overview; defer to SDS): Rinse skin/eyes with water for several minutes if contacted; remove contaminated clothing. If inhaled, move to fresh air. Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
• Waste disposal: Collect dye-containing solutions and contaminated consumables as hazardous organic chemical waste; follow institutional and local regulations.

Storage and shipping (item-specific):

• Storage Conditions: Protected from light, Store at -20°C, Desiccated (per Product Data).
• Shipped In: Ice chest + Ice pads (per Product Data).

Solvent Selection

Applicability: IRDye 700DX is a NIR dye; solvent choice primarily affects dissolution, aggregation, and stability during labeling or stock preparation.

General/literature guidance:

• Polarity and miscibility:
  • DMSO and DMF: Preferred anhydrous solvents for initial dissolution of hydrophobic or reactive dye forms (literature). Permit preparation of concentrated stocks (e.g., 1–10 mM) before dilution into aqueous buffers.
  • Water/PBS/TBS: Many sulfonated 700DX derivatives dissolve directly in aqueous buffers; however, aggregation increases with salt and high concentrations. Filter (0.22 µm) if needed.
  • Alcohols (MeOH, EtOH): Intermediate options; may assist with film dissolution on vial walls. Avoid prolonged exposure if reactive handles are present.
• Buffer considerations (literature):
  • For amine-reactive NHS esters: use carbonate/bicarbonate or borate buffers at pH ~8.3–8.8; avoid primary amines (e.g., Tris, glycine) that quench reactivity.
  • For thiol-reactive maleimides: use phosphate or HEPES buffers, pH 6.5–7.5; avoid excess thiols and high pH that cause maleimide hydrolysis.
• Additives: 0.01–0.1% non-ionic surfactant (e.g., Tween-20) can reduce nonspecific adsorption during aqueous handling (literature).

Selection tips:

• Choose DMSO for robust stock stability and minimal aggregation; dilute into the final aqueous buffer immediately before use.
• For highly water-soluble sulfonated forms, direct aqueous dissolution minimizes organic content in biological assays.

Note: Exact solvent compatibility of SKU I1455146 may depend on the specific derivative/counter-ion. Refer to the item CoA/Spec Sheet.

Storage and Reconstitution

Item-specific storage (from Product Data):

• Storage Conditions: Protected from light, Store at -20°C, Desiccated.
• Shipped In: Ice chest + Ice pads.

General/literature reconstitution guidance for NIR dyes:

• Work quickly under low light. Allow vial to equilibrate to room temperature in the dark before opening to prevent moisture condensation.
• If supplied as a solid: Reconstitute in anhydrous DMSO (e.g., 1–10 mM stock). Mix gently; brief sonication can help dissolution. For highly water-soluble derivatives, water or PBS may be suitable—verify on CoA.
• If supplied in solution: Aliquot immediately into light-protected microtubes to minimize freeze–thaw cycles.
• Aliquoting and storage:
  • Dispense single-use aliquots; flush headspace with inert gas if feasible. Store tightly capped at −20°C, desiccated, protected from light.
  • Avoid repeated freeze–thaw; thaw on ice/in the dark and use promptly. Discard aliquots that show precipitation or spectral changes.
• Working solutions:
  • Prepare immediately before use. For aqueous applications, dilute DMSO stocks into buffer with gentle mixing. Filter through 0.22 µm if necessary to remove particulates.

For definitive reconstitution solvent, concentration, and stability limits for SKU I1455146, consult the CoA/Spec Sheet and follow your laboratory’s SOPs.

Structure and Identity

Item-specific identifiers from Product Data:

• CAS: 916821-46-0
• Molecular Formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular Weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General/literature description (for IRDye 700DX family):

• IRDye 700DX denotes a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye scaffold widely used for imaging and analytical labeling. It belongs to the class of highly photostable NIR chromophores engineered for strong absorption near ~685–690 nm and emission in the ~700–720 nm window (literature).
• Typical structural features (literature): extended conjugated polycyclic/aromatic system with electron-donating/withdrawing substituents to tune NIR absorption; multiple sulfonate groups in many commercial variants to enhance water solubility and reduce nonspecific binding; available as reactive derivatives (e.g., NHS ester for amines, maleimide for thiols) built on the same chromophore core.
• 2D description (literature): a central conjugated chromophore core with peripheral substituents for spectral tuning and solubilization; when functionalized, a linker terminus bears a reactive handle for bioconjugation.

Notes:

• Exact structural formula, counter-ions, and reactive functionality (if any) are not specified for this catalog item. Consult the specific CoA/Spec Sheet for definitive identity data applicable to SKU I1455146.

Synthetic Utility

As a chromophoric label, IRDye 700DX is not commonly used as a building block in multistep small-molecule synthesis. Its principal “synthetic” role is in bioconjugation chemistry where the dye is appended to macromolecules or surfaces.

General/literature utility:

• Functionalized derivatives enable robust coupling:
  • NHS esters: efficient acylation of primary amines on proteins/peptides and amine-terminated surfaces.
  • Maleimides: selective Michael addition to free thiols on cysteines or thiol-modified oligonucleotides.
  • Click-ready handles (azide/alkyne): CuAAC or strain-promoted cycloadditions for orthogonal labeling.
• Retrosynthetic value (literature): The dye serves as a terminal tag that confers NIR traceability; linkers and spacers are chosen to reduce steric hindrance and maintain biomolecule function.
• Purification and analytics:
  • HPLC/UPLC with fluorescence detection near the dye’s emission allows sensitive monitoring of conjugation and purification.
  • Spectroscopic quantitation via λmax absorbance enables determination of substitution levels (e.g., dye-to-protein ratio) using the dye’s extinction coefficient (from CoA).

Considerations:

• Protect from light and moisture during coupling to preserve reactive handles.
• Choose aqueous-compatible coupling conditions to maintain biomolecule integrity; avoid denaturants unless required and compatible with the target.

Target Specificity

Not applicable. IRDye 700DX is a fluorescent dye and does not possess inherent biological target specificity.

Notes:

• Any apparent “specificity” arises from the conjugated targeting ligand (e.g., antibody, peptide, oligonucleotide) rather than from the dye itself.
• No clone, isotype, antigen, or species-reactivity information is associated with this item in the provided Product Data. Refer to the CoA/Spec Sheet for any derivative-specific notes if applicable.