Yeast Nitrogen Base (YNB) - BioReagent

Cat. No.: Y1528775

GRADE & PURITY BioReagent

Storage

Room temperature

Shipped In

Normal

Descripción general

For classification of yeasts based on carbon source utilization

Specifications

Especificaciones y pureza

BioReagent

Condiciones de almacenamiento de almacenamiento

Room temperature

Enviado en

Normal

Grado

BioReagent

Product Line

Productos biológicos

Application Protocols

Item-specific, validated protocols are not provided in the Product Data. Refer to your institutional SOPs and the item’s CoA/Spec Sheet.

General literature guidance (for context only; adjust to your formulation and verify against your specification):

• Prepare an aqueous solution of YNB at the desired working concentration using high‑purity water. Add a sterile carbon source and any required amino acid/uracil dropout mix. Sterilize by autoclaving when compatible; add heat‑labile components via 0.22 μm filtration after cooling to room temperature.
• For selection experiments, supplement only the required nutrients to maintain selective pressure. Incubate cultures at organism‑appropriate temperatures with adequate aeration and shaking speed.

Note: Do not treat this as item‑specific instructions; consult the SDS/CoA and your lab’s SOPs.

Biological Roles

YNB provides essential inorganic nutrients and vitamins necessary for yeast growth in a chemically defined context. While not a biological macromolecule, its components support core metabolic functions.

• Functional contributions (general, literature):

  • Nitrogen source: Supports amino acid and nucleotide biosynthesis. Ammonium‑based nitrogen promotes fermentative growth; alternative nitrogen sources modulate signaling via TOR/GAAC pathways.
  • Phosphate, sulfate, and trace metals: Required for energy metabolism (ATP/ADP), sulfur assimilation, and metalloenzyme function.
  • Vitamins/cofactors: Support activities of decarboxylases, dehydrogenases, and one‑carbon metabolism enzymes.

• Experimental utility:

  • Facilitates auxotrophic selection: Base medium without amino acids allows precise supplementation to select for plasmids/knockouts.
  • Enables systems biology: Defined composition reduces batch variability, improving reproducibility for transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics.

Note: Exact concentrations and specific nutrient forms in this item are not provided here; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for definitive composition before drawing quantitative conclusions in physiology experiments.

Buffer Applications

Not typically used as a buffering system. YNB is a nutrient base; if pH control is required, a separate, compatible biological buffer (e.g., phosphate or citrate for acidic ranges) is added to the aqueous medium. Select buffers based on your organism and carbon source, and verify that the buffer does not chelate essential metals at working concentrations.

Green Alternatives

Green chemistry considerations are limited but still relevant for culture media preparation.

• Environmental and safety aspects (general):

  • Dry, concentrated powder reduces shipping weight and packaging relative to pre‑made liquid media.
  • Use energy‑efficient sterilization: Prefer filtration for heat‑labile components and optimize autoclave cycles to reduce energy use while maintaining sterility.
  • Minimize single‑use plastics by preparing bulk sterile stocks where appropriate and validated.

• Alternatives and tradeoffs (general, literature):

  • Defined media families: YNB vs. synthetic complete (SC) vs. minimal salts with custom trace‑metal/vitamin solutions. YNB simplifies preparation but may include components unnecessary for some targeted nutrient studies.
  • Complex media (e.g., YPD): Higher growth rates and robustness but poor compositional definition; not suitable when nutrient control is critical.

• Waste reduction tips:

  • Prepare only volumes needed for the experimental window; store sterile concentrates of supplements to minimize discard.
  • Validate recyclable glassware workflows (e.g., culture tubes, flasks) to cut plastic waste.

No direct “greener chemical substitute” exists for YNB, as it is a formulation rather than a single solvent/reagent; sustainability gains come from process optimization.

Pharmaceutical Uses

No therapeutic or clinical claims. In research and early development contexts, YNB can serve as a defined medium base for yeast strains used in strain engineering, pathway prototyping, or bioprocess method development (non‑GMP). It supports controlled nutrient studies, plasmid maintenance, and carbon source screening relevant to upstream process optimization.

Regulatory status, pharmacopoeial listings, bioburden, and endotoxin specifications are not provided for this item; verify suitability with QA/QC and consult the CoA/Spec Sheet if use in regulated workflows is contemplated.

Physical Properties

• Item-specific properties from Product Data:

  • Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Storage Conditions: Room temperature (per Product Data).
  • Shipping: Normal (per Product Data).

• General physical description (literature/typical for YNB mixtures):

  • Form: Free‑flowing, hygroscopic powder blend intended to be dissolved in purified water to prepare a defined yeast growth medium.
  • Color/odor: Off‑white to light beige; essentially odorless (may vary with composition and lot).
  • Solubility: Freely soluble in water; insoluble in common organic solvents. Final medium clarity depends on water quality and carbon source.
  • pH of prepared medium: Typically in the mildly acidic range after dissolution and sterilization, depending on formulation and carbon source; end‑user may adjust as needed (literature guidance).

• Values commonly reported in literature (not item‑specific; for context only):

  • Working concentration: Often 6–7 g/L for YNB “without amino acids,” combined with 20 g/L glucose or other carbon source; formulations with ammonium sulfate are common. Always verify against the item’s CoA/specification before use.

Note: No authoritative BP/MP, density, refractive index, logP, or pKa values are applicable to a multi‑component powder; consult the SDS/CoA for any lot‑specific details.

Quality and Grades

• Item-specific grade: BioReagent (per Product Data).

  • BioReagent grade (general meaning): Intended for biological/biochemical research workflows. Emphasizes consistency, low bioburden, and performance in culture or molecular workflows over instrument‑focused attributes like low UV background.

• Implications for use:

  • Suitable for preparing defined yeast media for growth, selection, and physiology studies in academic and industrial labs.
  • Lot‑to‑lot consistency and defined composition are critical for reproducible phenotyping and nutrient‑response experiments.

• What is not specified for this item (consult CoA/Spec Sheet):

  • Exact component list and concentrations, heavy‑metal limits, vitamin potencies, bioburden/endotoxin levels, and any optional stabilizers/anticaking agents.

• Practical tips for quality control (general):

  • Record lot numbers and perform small‑scale test cultures when changing lots.
  • Verify pH and clarity of the reconstituted medium prior to sterilization; filter sterilize heat‑labile supplements after autoclaving the base.
  • For sensitive omics or chemostat work, confirm trace metal content and background fluorescence/UV absorbance with your QC methods as needed.

Reaction and Applications

Not a reagent for synthetic organic reactions. Instead, Yeast Nitrogen Base is used to formulate defined yeast growth media.

• General applications in life science research (literature/typical):

  • Defined cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and related yeasts for genetics, systems biology, and metabolic engineering.
  • Auxotrophic selection and plasmid maintenance when combined with appropriate amino acid/uracil dropout mixes.
  • Carbon source switching experiments (glucose, galactose, glycerol, ethanol) to probe catabolite repression and respiratory metabolism.
  • Chemostat/turbidostat continuous cultures where a defined base minimizes compositional variability.
  • Stress physiology assays (osmotic, ionic, metal stress) with controlled macro/micronutrient backgrounds.

• Practical notes (general):

  • Dissolve the powder fully in high‑purity water with moderate stirring; adjust pH only if required by your protocol.
  • Sterilize by autoclaving the base medium as permitted by heat stability; filter‑sterilize heat‑labile vitamins/supplements and add aseptically after cooling.
  • Use consistent carbon source quality; glucose degradation products (e.g., HMF) increase with prolonged heat exposure—minimize autoclave time and avoid caramelization.

Reaction Conditions

Not applicable to chemical reaction optimization. For biological preparation conditions, see Storage & Reconstitution and Reaction & Applications. Briefly (general literature): dissolve the powder in purified water to the desired working strength, add the chosen carbon source and selective supplements, adjust pH if required, and sterilize appropriately.

Safety and Handling

• GHS/Classification (item-specific):

  • Signal Word: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
  • Hazard Statements (H‑codes): Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
  • Pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.

• General laboratory safety guidance (for YNB powders; not a substitute for the SDS):

  • Avoid generating dust; dust may cause mechanical irritation to eyes and respiratory tract. Use local exhaust or work in a hood during weighing and dissolution.
  • Personal protective equipment: Lab coat, safety glasses or face shield, and appropriate gloves (e.g., nitrile). For bulk handling, consider a dust mask/respirator in accordance with your risk assessment and institutional EHS policies.
  • Hygiene: Wash hands after handling. Do not eat, drink, or smoke in areas where chemicals are handled.
  • Incompatibilities (general): Strong acids/bases can alter component stability and medium performance; oxidizers may affect certain vitamins; moisture leads to clumping—keep container tightly closed.
  • First aid (overview): If inhaled, move to fresh air; if eye contact, rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; if skin contact, wash with soap and water. Seek medical attention if irritation persists. Always follow SDS instructions.
  • Spill/cleanup: Avoid dust formation; sweep or HEPA‑vacuum and place in appropriate waste. Prevent product from entering drains in large quantities.

Always consult the specific SDS for authoritative hazard, exposure limits, and response measures.

Solvent Selection

This product is a solid nutrient mixture intended to be dissolved in water to prepare microbiological media. Traditional solvent selection paradigms for organic reactions do not apply.

• Applicable solvent guidance (general):

  • Primary solvent: Purified/deionized water (resistivity ≥ 18 MΩ·cm is preferred for high‑reproducibility work).
  • Miscibility: The prepared aqueous medium is fully miscible with water; organic solvents are not typically used and may inhibit yeast growth.
  • Carbon source addition: Add sterile carbon sources (e.g., glucose, galactose, glycerol, ethanol) separately; ensure compatibility with the experimental design.

• When to choose water quality tiers:

  • Routine culturing: ASTM Type II or better.
  • Sensitive metabolomics/proteomics: ASTM Type I with validated low organic carbon to minimize background signals.

If your workflow requires pH control or buffering, incorporate a suitable biological buffer separately; YNB is not itself a buffer system.

Storage and Reconstitution

• Storage (item-specific):

  • Room temperature (per Product Data). Protect from moisture; keep tightly capped. For long‑term quality, many labs store desiccated and away from light.

• Shipping (item-specific):

  • Shipped at ambient temperature (Normal), per Product Data.

• Reconstitution (general literature guidance; not item‑specific):

  • Water: Use purified/deionized water. Add powder gradually under stirring to ensure complete dissolution.
  • Working strength: Literature protocols often employ approximately 6–7 g/L for YNB “without amino acids,” combined with an appropriate carbon source (e.g., 20 g/L glucose). Verify against the CoA/Spec Sheet for this item before use.
  • Sterilization: Autoclave base medium when compatible; filter‑sterilize heat‑labile vitamins/supplements and add aseptically after cooling.
  • Storage of prepared media: Store at 2–8°C protected from light; use within a validated timeframe to maintain vitamin potency and minimize contamination (general recommendation; confirm per your QC program).

• Stability notes:

  • Hygroscopic components can clump on moisture uptake; recap promptly and, if available, use desiccant. Avoid repeated opening in humid environments.

Research Use: For research use only (per Product Data).

Structure and Identity

Yeast Nitrogen Base (YNB) is a chemically defined, multi‑component nutrient mixture formulated for cultivation of yeasts (e.g., Saccharomyces spp.) under controlled nutritional conditions. It is not a single compound; therefore conventional single‑molecule identifiers do not apply.

• Item-specific identifiers from Product Data:

  • CAS: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular Formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular Weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • InChIKey: Not applicable (multi‑component mixture).
  • SMILES: Not applicable (multi‑component mixture).

• General composition (literature/typical):

  • Inorganic salts (macro/micronutrients), trace metals, and vitamins; may be supplied with a defined nitrogen source (e.g., ammonium) and without amino acids to enable auxotrophic selection when desired. Exact composition varies by manufacturer/variant.

• Structural description (general):

  • As a mixture, YNB comprises ionic salts (e.g., phosphates, sulfates, chlorides), small organic cofactors (vitamins), and metal salts. No single 2D structure represents YNB; each component has its own structure and function within the medium.

• Functional features (general):

  • Provides essential minerals and cofactors; nitrogen source is present to support biomass formation; amino acids are typically omitted to allow selective supplementation.

Synthetic Utility

Not applicable. YNB is not a functionalized organic reagent or building block for chemical synthesis. For relevant information, see Reaction & Applications (culture/media preparation) and Storage & Reconstitution.

Target Specificity

Not applicable. This product is a growth medium base, not an antibody, enzyme inhibitor, or affinity reagent. There is no antigen/epitope or species reactivity associated with YNB.