Microbiology experiment

The biochemical reactions of microorganisms have simple and convenient applications for the identification of common microorganisms, thus demonstrating the dive

The isolation, purification and counting of microorganisms are generally used for (1) certain product testing, such as rhizobial agents and other product testin

The Mycoplasma pneumoniae lgM test is used for clinical diagnosis.

Bacterial antacid staining can be applied to (1) staining bacteria that are not susceptible to other staining materials (2) morphological analysis of bacteria.

Slant medium transfers are mainly used for (1) transfer of bacteria (2) isolation and preservation of bacteria.

Liquid media transfer techniques are used for (1) enrichment and observation of pure species of bacteria (2) characterization of bacterial growth in liquid envi

Microorganisms exist in a mixed state in nature, from which they must be isolated to obtain the desired strain. In the preservation of strains of bacteria accid

Bacterial Neisser stain can be used for budding staining (1) observation of cells (2) detection and classification of cell morphology.

The detection of coliform bacteria in water can be applied to (1) the examination of various water samples (2) the identification of indicators of water polluti

The preparation and observation of mold water-impregnated specimen slices are mainly applied to observe mold morphology.

Examination and potency determination of phage: It is easy to understand the characteristics of phage, rapid examination and isolation, and potency determinatio

Isolation and culture of plant pathogenic fungi is a frequently used research tool for (1) identification of the original pest (2) observation of pathogen morph

Mycoplasma isolation and culture identification is used to (1) detect different biochemical reactions of mycoplasmas ter (2) isolate and identify mycoplasmas.

Detection of mycoplasma by PCR can be used to discriminate mycoplasma contamination of cells.

Drug sensitivity test is referred to as drug sensitivity test (or drug resistance test). Microbiological tests aimed at understanding the degree of sensitivity

The fermentation industry is both old and new, and its formation has taken place over a long period of time. With the development of science and technology, the

Plasmid transformation can be used to: introduce an exogenous DNA molecule into a recipient cell to enable it to acquire a new genetic trait.

Experiments for the examination of microorganisms in the laboratory environment and on human surfaces facilitate (1) safety monitoring of microbiological levels

Mold mycelium is thicker, the cells are easy to contraction deformation, and spores are easy to fly apart, so the specimen is commonly used lactic acid carbonat

Bacterial cell wall is very thin, the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria is 20-30 nm, and the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria is 10-13 nm.The main chemical

The formation of ascospores and their shape is an important basis for the classification of yeast. The formation of ascospores can only be observed in a part of

Yeast is a polymorphic, non-motile unicellular microorganisms, the nucleus and cytoplasm have been clearly differentiated, the body is larger than bacteria. Rep

The autoclave experiment is applied to: sterilization. High-pressure steam sterilization is the items to be sterilized in a closed pressurized sterilizer pot, t

The vast majority of different species of microorganisms live in mixed company in soil, water, air, or in human and animal and plant bodies, (1) for cell isolat

Culture characteristics of microorganisms refer to the community morphology and growth exhibited by microorganisms cultured on media. The culture characteristic

A certain amount of microorganisms, inoculated in a suitable fresh liquid medium, cultured at a suitable temperature, the logarithm of the number of bacteria as

Ultraviolet sterilization is carried out with ultraviolet lamps, the wavelength of 200 ~ 300 nm of ultraviolet light have the ability to sterilize, of which 260

Anaerobic microorganisms are widely distributed and diverse in nature, and their role is increasingly being emphasized. The technical key to cultivating anaerob

Microbial cell size, one of the morphological characteristics of microorganisms, is also one of the bases for taxonomic identification. Since the organism is ve

Colony morphology refers to a certain microorganisms in a certain medium from a single organism formed by the group form. Bacteria, actinomycetes, yeasts and mo

Commonly used chemical disinfectants mainly include heavy metals and their salts, phenols, alcohols, aldehydes and other organic compounds, as well as iodine, s

Yeast strains can be stored at -70°C in 15% glycerol (can survive for more than 5 years) or at 4°C on slants of enriched medium supplemented with potato starc

A standard light microscope is required for yeast tetrad analysis, and the microscope stage should be able to be moved along the x and y axes and the distance t

Various bacteria have different oxygen requirements, and bacteria can be categorized into four types based on their oxygen requirements or the amount of oxygen

The meiotic products are released from the ascospores, ruptured by sonication, and spread directly on agar plates, and the spore colonies can be screened for th

Diploid yeast cells induce meiosis and spore formation when they are starved of both nitrogen and carbon sources. At this point, their chromosomes replicate and

Making anatomical needles requires patience and practical experience. The common practice is to make a long, thin glass filament, cut it into small segments, an

The sugar fermentation test is the most commonly used biochemical reaction and is particularly important in the identification of intestinal bacteria. The vast

The antimicrobial spectrum of different antibiotics is different, some antibiotics only have antibacterial effects on a few bacteria, polymyxin only has an effe

The role of fixation, from the histological point of view its simple definition is to maintain the intrinsic morphology and structure of cells and tissues, so t

Paraffin section is the most widely used method in the routine histology technique. Paraffin section is not only used to observe the morphology and structure of

Slides coated with polylysine (a Thermo product) with durable bioadhesion for attaching frozen and paraffin-embedded sections that can be subsequently centrifug

A general method for cloning yeast genes by complementation using a putative mutation. The mutation is cdc101-1, which is both recessive and temperature sensiti

The nucleus (nucleus) is the largest and most important organelle in the cell (the old junior high school textbooks believe that the nucleus is not an organelle

Because of the simplicity and sensitivity of the β-galactosidase assay, yeast genes are frequently labeled with the functional portion of the lacZ gene to indi

This experiment is mainly used for fixing frozen sections.

Under non-selective growth conditions, most E. coli/yeast shuttle vectors are lost at a frequency of about 1%, and one plasmid that is not easily isolated and r

Protoplasts are formed by the differentiation of protoplasm, specifically the cell membrane and intramembranous cytoplasm and other life-active organelles. In p

Viruses are a class of non-cellular microorganisms with very small particles, measured in nanometers, simple structures, strict parasitism, and reproduction by

The micrometer is divided into an eyepiece micrometer and a mirror micrometer, and the two feet are used in conjunction with each other. Eyepiece micrometer is

The baculoviruses are a class of DNA viruses that exclusively infect arthropods in nature. The virus particles are rod-shaped, the genome is a double-stranded c

Regardless of the shape of the cell, the structure of a cell is generally divided into three main parts: the cell membrane, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus. Howe

A small amount of bacteria is inoculated into a certain volume of suitable fresh medium and cultivated under suitable conditions, and the amount of bacteria in

Arboviruses are a class of double-stranded circular DNA viruses with capsid-encapsulated genomes of 80-180 kb in size that infect and spread in nature using art

Grasshopper nightshade cells can be cultured either in monolayer or suspension (rotary) cultures, and can be preserved and passaged in serum-containing cultures

The baculoviruses are a class of DNA viruses that exclusively infect arthropods in nature, and can be used (1) as genetically engineered viral insecticides to i

Ashby's (Ashby) nitrogen-free medium is a lack of binding state inorganic or organic nitrogen source of the medium, can make autochthonous nitrogen-fixing bacte

In batch culture, all the medium is added at once without replenishment or replacement. With the active growth of microorganisms, the nutrients in the medium ar

Lactic acid bacteria are some partially anaerobic, Gram-positive, rod-shaped or globular, non-spore, non-motile, poor decomposition and synthesis ability, high

Yogurt is a nutritious and unique health drink made from milk as the main raw material and fermented by lactic acid bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria used for yogu

Determination of the total number of bacteria in water is to determine the total number of aerobic bacteria, parthenogenetic anaerobic bacteria and heterotrophi

Amylase has the ability to catalyze the hydrolysis of starch, starting at the non-reducing end of the starch molecule and breaking down the a-1,4-glucosidic bon

Sweet wine brew, or simply wine brew, is a fermented food with high sugar and low sprinkles content widely consumed by the folk in China. It is made from high-q

Ultraviolet light has a mutagenic effect on microorganisms, mainly caused by changes in the molecular structure of DNA (formation of covalently bound thymine di

Bread is a fermented food produced with flour as the main ingredient and yeast, sugar, fat and eggs as supplementary ingredients. After adding yeast into the mi

The total colony count refers to the total number of bacterial colonies contained in 1 g or 1 ml of the sample obtained after the food has been processed and in

Under anaerobic conditions, the role of yeast in the fermentation of hexose to produce ethanol and CO2 is called ethanol fermentation. The yeast protozoa used i

Active yogurt requires control of the ratio of various lactic acid bacteria, which have complex nutritional requirements, requiring carbohydrates, amino acids,

Single-cell proteins are mycobacterial proteins obtained by culturing single-celled microorganisms. Single-cell microorganisms such as yeast, filamentous fungi,

Some bacteria belong to different species or types, but their morphology and colony characteristics are basically the same, relying only on the observation of m

The 5' end of the plasmid DNA cut by restriction endonuclease has a phosphate group, and if this vector is used to directly transform E. coli, the chance of its

Common culture solution preparation and testing for animal cell and embryo engineering experiments for (1) animal cell culture (2) embryo engineering developmen

Coliform refers to a group of Gram-negative non-spore-forming bacilli that can ferment lactose, produce acid and gas, and are aerobic and partially anaerobic. T

The test of pathogenic bacteria in food mainly includes the test of various pathogenic bacteria in food raw materials and food, such as Staphylococcus aureus, S

The role of cotton plugs is twofold: one is to prevent contamination by stray bacteria, and the other is to ensure good aeration. Therefore, the quality of the

Enterobacteriaceae are mostly gram-negative bacilli with endotoxin. If they cause sepsis, meningitis and other infections, endotoxin can be detected in blood, c

After the preparation of the receptor cells, the next step is the transformation of plasmid DNA into E. coli cells. However, it is important to note that the re

Beef Paste Peptone Medium is one of the most widely used and common bacterial bases for the growth and propagation of microorganisms.

Koch's I medium is a synthetic medium used to culture and observe the morphological characteristics of actinomycetes. With the addition of appropriate amounts o

Source of content: compact guide to molecular biology 5th ed.

Martin's medium is a selective medium used to isolate fungi. This medium is composed of glucose, peptone, K2HPO4, MgS04-7H2O, Bengal red (Rose Bengal), and stre

Solid culture medium can be divided into two categories: (1) a class is made of natural solid-like substances, such as potato blocks, bran, rice bran, soybean c

Extreme media are media that contain only carbohydrates and inorganic salts that provide nitrogen, phosphorus, and trace elements. Source of content: compact gu

Blood medium is a kind of beef paste peptone medium containing defibrillated animal blood (usually rabbit blood or sheep blood), so in addition to the various n

Source of content: compact guide to molecular biology 5th ed.

Some bacteria carry splicing R plasmids and can transmit resistance to sensitive bacteria through splicing, causing them to rapidly turn into drug-resistant bac

Mastery of antacid staining of sputum specimens.

Knowledge of heterochromatic granule staining; knowledge of the morphological staining characteristics of Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

S-S agar (Salmon, Shigella spp. agar) is a selective medium with a strong inhibitory effect on E. coli and no inhibitory effect on enteric pathogens; therefore,

Recognize the biology of enterobacteria.

Recognize the morphological staining and culture characteristics of pathogenic cocci.

Understand the principles and role of the Corynebacterium diphtheriae virulence test.

Recognize the morphology and culture characteristics of Clostridium tetani, Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium botulinum, and understand the pathogenicity

Learn how to operate the Fertilizer Reaction and acquire a preliminary knowledge of its result analysis.

Familiarize yourself with the principles of isolation and identification of pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae in feces.

Application: (1) Observe the appearance of adult Ascaris lumbricoides and identify male and female; (2) Master the morphological characteristics of Ascaris lumb

Recognize the morphological structure of viruses under the electron microscope, observe the viral inclusion bodies and grasp their diagnostic significance; unde

This experiment is from the official website of the Fourth Military Medical University

Observation of trachoma inclusion bodies

Viral diseases are easily detected in the early stages of the disease, so specimens should be collected as early as possible during isolation.

This experiment is from the official website of the Fourth Military Medical University

This experiment is from the official website of the Fourth Military Medical University

This experiment is from the official website of the Fourth Military Medical University

When performing virus identification or vaccine potency determinations, the virus should first be titrated to determine the dosage unit or vaccine titer.

Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Medicine Experimental Teaching Center Website

This experimental method was obtained from the official website of the Fourth Military Medical University

Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Medicine Experimental Teaching Center Website

This experimental method was obtained from the official website of the Fourth Military Medical University

Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Medicine Experimental Teaching Center Website

Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Medicine Experimental Teaching Center Website

Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Medicine Experimental Teaching Center Website

Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Medicine Experimental Teaching Center Website

Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Medicine Experimental Teaching Center Website

Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Medicine Experimental Teaching Center Website

Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Medicine Experimental Teaching Center Website

Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Medicine Experimental Teaching Center Website

Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Medicine Experimental Teaching Center Website

This experiment is from the website of Basic Medical Experimental Teaching Center of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

This experiment is from the website of Basic Medical Experimental Teaching Center of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

This experiment is from the website of Basic Medical Experimental Teaching Center of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

This experiment is from the website of Basic Medical Experimental Teaching Center of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

This experiment is from the website of Basic Medical Experimental Teaching Center of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

This experiment is from the website of Basic Medical Experimental Teaching Center of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

This experiment is from the website of Basic Medical Experimental Teaching Center of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Medicine Experimental Teaching Center Website

This experiment is from the website of Basic Medical Experimental Teaching Center of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

This experiment is from the website of Basic Medical Experimental Teaching Center of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

This experiment is from the website of Basic Medical Experimental Teaching Center of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Antimicrobial drug test tube experiments can be used to (1) test bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs, (2) screen for the most efficacious drugs, and

This experiment is from the website of Basic Medical Experimental Teaching Center of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

This experiment is from the website of Basic Medical Experimental Teaching Center of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

This experiment is from the website of Basic Medical Experimental Teaching Center of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

This experiment is from the website of Basic Medical Experimental Teaching Center of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Certain viruses (such as influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, mumps virus, encephalitis virus, etc.) can selectively agglutinate the erythrocytes of individual

This method is suitable for clinical specimens or other cultures mixed with many kinds of bacteria, which can be separated and cultured to obtain single colonie

Determination of viral titer can be applied to measure viral virulence.

Filtration is the mechanical removal of bacteria from liquids or gases. According to different needs to choose different filter and filter plate materials. The

Simple staining is a method of staining bacteria using a single dye. This method is easy to perform and is suitable for the observation of the general shape of

Ultramicrotomy is a specialized technique to provide thin specimens for transmission electron microscopy observation, which is the most commonly used technique

Virus is a class of tiny sub-microscopic, intracellular specialized parasitic non-cellular organisms, the size range of only 20-200 nm, therefore, to understand

This method is suitable for pure culture and preservation of strains, and can also be used for identification tests of urea and Kirschner's bisaccharides media.

Bacterial splicing is the phenomenon of recombination that occurs when the DNA of a donor bacterium is unidirectionally transferred to the recipient bacterium b

Bacterial pods are closely related to pathogenicity. When pods are present, they are pathogenic; when they are lost, pathogenicity decreases or disappears, due

Chicken embryo culture is a culture method used to cultivate certain animal viruses that are sensitive to chicken embryo, and this method can be used for the is

Over the past two decades, the international community has successfully developed a technology that can detect multiple reactions or dozens of reactions in a si

Changes in the order of bases in a gene can lead to genetic variation in microbial cells. This variation can sometimes enable the cell to survive in a harmful e

The secondary metabolites produced by certain microorganisms during metabolism can inhibit or kill certain microorganisms at low concentrations, and such substa

Gas chromatography technology has been widely used in various fields due to the advantages of strong separation efficacy, high sensitivity, fast analysis speed,

Environmental protection, the evaluation of water quality organic pollution and sewage treatment efficiency of the important indicators BOD (biochemical oxygen

Endotoxin is a component of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, and lipid A is the active part. Individual Gram-positive bacter

Complement fixation test (CFT) is one of the antigen-antibody reactions of the classical pathway. This method is generally used for: ① diagnosis of clinical vi

Arbovirus (arbovirus) refers to a group of viruses that cause natural epidemic diseases and zoonotic diseases through the bite of sensitive vertebrates by blood

Hepatitis viruses are a group of pathogens that primarily invade the liver and cause viral hepatitis, some of which can also cause brain, lung, and heart damage

For virus titration and research

Determination of viral infectivity is one of the commonly used methods for assessing its virulence, which is usually done by determining the half lethal dose (5

A monoclonal antibody (McAb), or monoclonal antibody for short, is an antibody that is made by only one type of cell, as opposed to a polyclonal antibody/multis

Hepatitis viruses are a group of pathogens that primarily invade the liver to cause viral hepatitis, some of which can also cause damage to the brain, lungs and

Insect-borne viruses (insect-borne viruses) refers to some of the natural odd source microorganisms through the bite of blood-sucking arthropods capture and cau

Chicken embryo inoculation technique has the following advantages: (1) Chicken embryo is an organism with distribution of nerves and blood vessels and the struc

Prion (PrPS), also known as vein viruses, dirty toxin, is a class of host cell genes encoded by the structural abnormalities of the protein, which does not cont

This experiment is from the website of Basic Medical Experimental Teaching Center of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

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Dirty gut disease is a chronic degenerative, fatal disease of the central nervous system. Humans and many animals can be infected by genetic factors, the enviro

Mycobacterium avium culture includes modified Roche culture and liquid culture (e.g. BD MGIT 960 liquid medium culture). At present, the solid Roche culture met

Multiplex PCR is a technique established on the basis of common PCR to detect a variety of bacterial molecular biology that can amplify multiple target fragment

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) is an aerobic or partially anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium that is widely found in environments such as soil,

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) refers to the lowest concentration of a drug that can inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.There are man