GNG2 Antibody - Anticorpo primario, specific to GNG2, Rabbit IgG

Cat. No.: Ab105952

QUALITÀ & PUREZZA Carrier Free, ExactAb™, Validated, 0.5 mg/mL

Application

IHC, WB

Host species

Coniglio

Reactive species

Mouse, Umano

Isotype

Rabbit IgG

Conjugation

Unconjugated

Panoramica

Rabbit anti Human GNG2 Antibody, Polyclonal, could be used for WB, IHC and so on.
Application
WB: 1/1000
IHC: 1/100-1/500
Protein function
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction.

Specifiche

Product Name

GNG2 Antibody - Anticorpo primario, specific to GNG2, Rabbit IgG

Sinonimi

G gamma I | GBG2_HUMAN | GNG 2 | Guanine nucleotide binding protein gamma 2 | G gamma I antibody | G gamma-I antibody | GBG2_HUMAN antibody | GNG 2 antibody | Gng2 antibody | Guanine nucleotide binding protein gamma 2 antibody | Guanine nucleotide-binding

Specifiche e purezza

ExactAb™, Validated, Carrier Free, 0.5 mg/mL

Specie ospite

Coniglio

Specificità

GNG2

Immunogeno

A KLH conjugated synthetic peptide from of human GNG2 (AA 19-52)

Controllo positivo

WB: Human brain Lysates, Mouse brain Lysates. IHC: Human brain tissue.

Coniugazione

Unconjugated

Grado

Carrier Free, ExactAb™, Validated

Isotipo

Rabbit IgG

SDS-PAGE

150 kDa

Metodo di purificazione

Protein A purified + Peptide Affinity purified

Concentrazione

0.5 mg/mL

Product Line

Prodotti biologici

Stoccaggio e spedizione

Forma

Liquid

Condizioni di conservazione di stoccaggio

Store at -20°C,Avoid repeated freezing and thawing

Spedito in

Ice chest + Ice pads

Stabilità e conservazione

Store at 4°C short term (1-2 weeks). Store at -20°C long term (24 months). Upon receipt, it is recommended to aliquot. Avoid freeze/thaw cycle.

Immagini

Western Blot: GNG2 Antibody (Ab105952)

GNG2 Antibody (Ab105952) - Western Blot
All lanes: GNG2 Antibody (Ab105952) at 1/1000 dilution
Samples: Lysates at 20 µg per lane
Secondary: Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Ab170144) at 1/20000 dilution

Predicted band size: 8 kDa
Observed band size: 11 kDa
Exposure time: 33.1 s

IHC: GNG2 Antibody (Ab105952)

GNG2 Antibody (Ab105952) - IHC
GNG2 Antibody (Ab105952) staining GNG2 in human brain tissue sections by Immunohistochemistry. Tissue was fixed with formaldehyde and blocked with 3% BSA for 0. 5 hour at room temperature; antigen retrieval was by heat mediation with a citrate buffer (pH 6.0). Samples were incubated with GNG2 Antibody (Ab105952) (1/25) for 1 hours at 37°C. A undiluted biotinylated goat polyvalent antibody was used as the secondary antibody.

Applicazione

Applicazione

Dilution info

IHC

1/100-1/500

WB

1/1000

Obiettivi associati (umani)

GNG2 Tbio Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 (0 Activities)

Discover Target: GNG2

Activity Type	Activity Value -log(M)	Mechanism of Action	Activity Reference	Publications (PubMed IDs)

Application Protocols

Tested applications, recommended dilutions, and positive controls are not provided for this item.

• Item-specific application data: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Note: Users should empirically optimize dilutions and incubation parameters for their assay format (WB, IP, IF/ICC, IHC, ELISA) and sample type.

Biological Roles

This section summarizes the biology of the target protein GNG2 (G protein subunit gamma-2); it provides scientific context for experimental design. It is not product validation.

• Target overview (literature/general)
  • GNG2 encodes a gamma subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins (Gα/Gβ/Gγ). The Gβγ dimer modulates effectors such as ion channels, adenylyl cyclases, and phospholipases upon GPCR activation.
  • GNG2 is prenylated at its C-terminus, anchoring the Gβγ dimer to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane.
  • Pairing preference with specific Gβ isoforms can influence signaling specificity and subcellular trafficking.
• Cellular and pathway context
  • In GPCR signaling, ligand-bound receptors promote GDP–GTP exchange on Gα, causing Gα-GTP and Gβγ to engage distinct downstream effectors.
  • GNG2 contributes to modulation of MAPK/ERK, PI3K, and ion channel pathways, depending on receptor and cell type.
  • Expression is reported in neural and other tissues; membrane microdomain localization can affect receptor coupling.
• Experimental implications (general)
  • Antibody-based detection of GNG2 may require efficient membrane protein extraction. Choice of detergents should balance solubilization with preservation of conformation/epitopes.
  • Controls: include isotype controls, pre-immune IgG (if polyclonal), or genetic perturbations (siRNA/CRISPR) to establish specificity.

Note: Species distribution, splice variants, and PTM patterns relevant to epitope exposure should be checked in the primary literature for the organism and system under study.

Buffer Applications

Appropriate buffers are critical for maintaining antibody stability and performance. The exact formulation for this item is not supplied here.

• Item-specific buffer composition and pH: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• General buffer guidance for antibody workflows (literature/general)
  • Storage/handling: PBS or TBS, pH 7.2–7.6, filtered and sterile. For carrier-free antibodies, minimize adsorption by using low-binding tubes; optional 0.05% non-ionic surfactant (e.g., Tween-20) when compatible with the application.
  • WB/ELISA: TBS-T or PBS-T with 0.05–0.1% Tween-20; block with 3–5% BSA or nonfat dry milk as assay demands.
  • IP/Co-IP: Non-denaturing lysis buffers (e.g., 20–50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 0.5–1% NP-40 or digitonin) plus protease/phosphatase inhibitors; optimize detergent for membrane proteins like GNG2.
  • IF/ICC: PBS with permeabilizer (0.1–0.5% Triton X-100 or saponin) if intracellular epitopes are targeted; include blocking serum/protein to reduce nonspecific binding.
  • Conjugation: Use amine-free (for NHS ester chemistry) or reducing-agent–free (for maleimide–thiol) buffers as required; carrier-free format is advantageous.

Always confirm chemical compatibility with any provided formulation details in the CoA.

Green Alternatives

Green chemistry substitution is not directly applicable to an antibody reagent. Nevertheless, sustainable lab practices can reduce environmental impact.

• Practices (general)

  • Minimize plastic consumables by using reusable racks and certified-washable glassware where biosafety permits.
  • Aliquot efficiently to avoid waste from freeze–thaw-related loss.
  • Use energy-efficient cold storage (e.g., well-maintained -20°C freezers, consolidated storage) and proper freezer inventory to reduce door-open time.
  • Choose phosphate-based buffers prepared from concentrated stocks to lower packaging and shipping footprints.

• Shipping and storage

  • Product Data indicates shipment on ice packs; promptly transfer to specified storage (−20°C) to avoid spoilage and repeated shipments.

No greener “substitute solvent” applies; focus on workflow efficiency, reduced waste, and responsible disposal per SDS.

Pharmaceutical Uses

This product is a research-grade antibody and is not intended for human or veterinary use. No clinical or diagnostic claims are made.

• Item-specific regulatory status
  • Research Use Only (RUO) per Product Data.
• Typical roles of RUO antibodies in pharmaceutical R&D (literature/general)
  • Analytical reagents for target qualification in discovery programs (e.g., profiling G protein pathway components in cell lines).
  • QC and in-process controls in bioprocess development assays (e.g., Western blot/ELISA of cell banks and expression systems), where RUO is acceptable.
  • Mechanistic studies mapping GPCR-G protein coupling networks; co-IP to explore Gβγ complexes.
• Formulation/excipient considerations
  • Carrier-free preparations are preferred when users plan to perform custom conjugations (e.g., HRP, fluorophores, biotin) or use mass-spectrometry–compatible workflows.

For regulated applications, users should qualify the reagent internally and obtain all necessary documentation (CoA, validation reports).

Physical Properties

Protein biologic; specific physico-chemical parameters of this lot are not provided.

• Item-specific properties
  • Appearance/formulation, concentration, excipients/preservatives, buffer composition, pH: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular weight (antibody): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• General/literature guidance for antibodies (context, not item specifications)
  • Typical IgG molecular mass: ~150 kDa (monomeric), with significant heterogeneity due to glycosylation.
  • Solubility: antibodies are soluble in aqueous buffers (e.g., PBS, TBS) across physiological pH; stability can be enhanced by 0.05–0.1% non-ionic surfactants and carrier proteins when compatible with downstream use.
  • Isoelectric point (pI): commonly 6–9 for IgGs, sequence- and glycoform-dependent.
  • Storage transitions: repeated freeze–thaw cycles can denature or aggregate antibodies; aliquoting is recommended.
• Thermodynamic/optical (literature values)
  • Typical A280 extinction coefficient varies with sequence; without sequence/isotype, an item-specific E(1 mg/mL) cannot be provided.

Always consult the product’s CoA/Spec Sheet for lot-specific concentration, buffer, and any stabilizers or preservatives.

Quality and Grades

This antibody is supplied as a high-quality research reagent with clear grade descriptors.

• Item-specific facts (from Product Data)
  • Grade/Purity: Carrier Free, ExactAb™, Validated
• What these designations generally imply (literature/general; not lot-specific guarantees)
  • Carrier Free: The preparation is formulated without protein carriers (e.g., BSA, gelatin). Benefits include lower background in assays, improved conjugation performance, and defined mass balance. Handling requires care to minimize adsorption losses.
  • ExactAb™: Denotes a sequence-defined, engineered or recombinant antibody platform designed for lot-to-lot consistency and reproducibility (brand/program description). Consult the CoA for expression system and sequence confirmation specifics.
  • Validated: Internally qualified against defined criteria (e.g., target recognition in selected applications or species). Since application details are not provided here, refer to the CoA/validation report for assay scope, sample types, and controls.
• Additional quality considerations
  • Purity assessment (SDS-PAGE/HPLC), endotoxin level, bioburden, residual host-cell proteins/DNA, and aggregation state are critical but are not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • For quantitative or regulated workflows, retain lot-specific documentation for traceability.

Reaction and Applications

While not used in synthetic organic reactions, this antibody serves as a selective affinity reagent in immunoassay-based applications targeting GNG2.

• Typical research applications for target-specific antibodies (literature/general; not a statement of testing for this item)
  • Western blot (WB) to detect GNG2 in cell/tissue lysates under denaturing conditions.
  • Immunoprecipitation (IP) or co-IP to enrich GNG2 and interacting G protein subunits from native lysates.
  • Immunofluorescence (IF) or immunocytochemistry (ICC) to visualize subcellular localization; permeabilization may be required due to membrane association of GNG2.
  • ELISA or bead-based assays if an appropriate capture/detection pair is available.
• Practical tips (general)
  • For membrane-associated targets like GNG2, include mild detergents (e.g., 0.1–1% NP-40 or digitonin) to preserve complexes in native IP, optimizing detergent type and concentration to balance solubilization with epitope integrity.
  • Validate specificity using knockdown/knockout controls or peptide competition when available.
  • Titrate antibody to determine optimal working dilution; matrix and detection chemistry strongly influence the optimal range.

Important: The specific applications validated for this product are not provided here; consult the CoA/validation notes.

Reaction Conditions

Classical reaction-condition tables for small-molecule synthesis are not applicable to an antibody reagent. For immunoassay workflows, only general, non-product-specific guidance is provided below.

• General assay condition considerations (literature/general)
  • Temperature: Perform incubations at room temperature or 4°C depending on assay stringency and kinetics. Lower temperatures often reduce background.
  • Time: Primary antibody incubations commonly range from 1–2 h at RT to overnight at 4°C; optimize empirically.
  • Buffer additives: Include appropriate detergents/salts to reduce nonspecific binding; add protease inhibitors for native IP/Co-IP.
  • Antigen retrieval (IHC): For formalin-fixed tissue, heat-induced retrieval may unmask epitopes; conditions must be optimized per tissue and fixation.

Item-specific, validated conditions (e.g., recommended dilutions, incubation times) are not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Safety and Handling

Safe handling of research antibodies requires standard protein/biological reagent practices.

• GHS/SDS details (item-specific)
  • Signal word, hazard statements, classification, pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• General safety guidance (literature/general)
  • Use appropriate PPE: lab coat, gloves, and safety glasses. Avoid inhalation of aerosols and contact with skin/eyes.
  • Work in a clean area to avoid contamination of the reagent and your samples. If aerosol generation is expected, handle in a biological safety cabinet.
  • Preservatives (e.g., sodium azide) may be present in some antibody formulations; for this item, presence/absence is not specified—consult the SDS/CoA.
• Incompatibilities and stability
  • Avoid microbial contamination; use sterile tools and buffers.
  • Prevent repeated freeze–thaw cycles (Product Data: “Avoid repeated freezing and thawing”).
• First-aid overview (general)
  • Skin/eye contact: Rinse with water for several minutes; remove contaminated clothing. Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
  • Ingestion/inhalation: Move to fresh air and seek medical advice as needed.

Authoritative safety and disposal information must be taken from the product’s SDS.

Solvent Selection

Not typically applicable for antibodies as they are macromolecules formulated for use in aqueous buffers.

• Item-specific buffer/solvent details: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• General guidance (literature/general)
  • Preferred media: isotonic, near-neutral PBS or TBS; include compatible salts and optional low levels of non-ionic detergents (e.g., 0.01–0.05% Tween-20) when appropriate for the assay.
  • Avoid organic solvents and extremes of pH or ionic strength that can denature or precipitate proteins.
  • For conjugation, carrier-free format is advantageous; use manufacturer-recommended conjugation buffers free of amines or thiols as required by the chemistry.

See Buffer Applications and Storage & Reconstitution for practical handling details.

Storage and Reconstitution

Follow the item-specific storage guidance and best practices to maintain antibody integrity.

• Item-specific instructions (from Product Data)
  • Storage: Store at −20°C.
  • Handling: Avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
  • Shipping: Ice chest + ice pads.
• Additional practical guidance (general; not product-specific specs)
  • Upon receipt: Inspect for container integrity and immediate cold storage. Record lot and date-in.
  • Aliquoting: Divide into single-use aliquots in low-binding, sterile tubes to prevent freeze–thaw stress and adsorption losses, particularly for carrier-free proteins.
  • Long-term storage: Many antibodies tolerate −80°C for extended periods; assess stability empirically and per CoA. Avoid frost-free freezers.
  • Thawing: Thaw on ice; gently mix. Do not vortex vigorously. Keep on ice during setup to limit proteolysis.
  • Reconstitution: If supplied lyophilized (form not specified here), reconstitute with sterile buffer (e.g., PBS or manufacturer-recommended buffer) to the desired concentration; allow gentle equilibration before use.
  • Additives: If compatible with downstream applications, small amounts of stabilizers (e.g., 10–50% glycerol, 0.05% non-ionic surfactant) can reduce freeze–thaw damage; confirm compatibility with your assay.

Always defer to the product’s CoA/Spec Sheet for formulation, concentration, and any preservative/stabilizer details.

Structure and Identity

High-quality research antibody directed against the G protein subunit gamma-2 (GNG2), supplied as a carrier-free, ExactAb™ validated reagent.

• Item-specific facts (from Product Data)
  • Product name: GNG2 Antibody (SKU: Ab105952)
  • Grade/Purity: Carrier Free, ExactAb™, Validated
  • Intended use: For research use only
• Identity attributes (not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet)
  • Host species, clonality (mono/polyclonal), clone ID, isotype/subclass, epitope, species reactivity, conjugate/label: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular formula and molecular weight (antibody preparation): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Sequence, post-translational modifications, and production system: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• General structural description (literature/general)
  • Antibodies are Y-shaped immunoglobulins composed of two heavy and two light chains, stabilized by disulfide bonds, with variable regions conferring antigen specificity.
  • The GNG2 antigen is a membrane-associated, prenylated gamma subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins; antibody epitopes may reside in cytosolic loops or C-terminus depending on immunogen (details not provided for this item).

Note: SMILES, InChIKey, and small-molecule identifiers are not applicable to protein biologics like antibodies.

Synthetic Utility

Not applicable. Antibodies are biological affinity reagents and are not used as synthetic building blocks or catalysts in organic synthesis.

• For researchers seeking chemical probes for GPCR/G protein pathways, consider small-molecule modulators or peptides. This section does not pertain to antibody-based detection of GNG2.

Refer instead to Reaction & Applications and Buffer Applications for relevant guidance.

Target Specificity

Only the target name is provided in the Product Data; no further specificity metadata is supplied.

• Target (from Product Data)
  • Antigen: GNG2 (G protein subunit gamma-2)
• Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet
  • Host species, clonality/clone ID, isotype/subclass
  • Epitope/peptide mapping and post-translational modification sensitivity
  • Species reactivity and predicted cross-reactivity
  • Cross-adsorption, blocking peptide availability, and application-validated specificity

Users should confirm specificity in their system with appropriate controls (genetic perturbation, secondary-only, and isotype controls).

Domande frequenti

What does ExactAb? mean?

ExactAb? indicates the product has been validated for use in rigorous antibody validation workflows. Validation may include positive/negative control samples, signal-to-noise testing, and protocol-specific QC. Lot-specific test data is published on the Certificate of Analysis where available.

What does Carrier Free mean?

Carrier Free indicates that the material has been processed and tested for specialty industrial processing. Specifications focus on the impurities that affect performance in that application — for example, metal content for electronics, particle size for batteries, refractive index for optics, or moisture content for moisture-sensitive processes.

How should this product be stored?

Store at ?20 °C. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles. Aliquot into single-use volumes before freezing.

How is this product shipped?

This product ships in an insulated container with ice pads. Unpack on arrival and transfer it to the storage condition stated above.

What documentation is provided?

Available product documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (COA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and specification sheets, is shown in the product document area. Document availability and access follow the current site policy.

Which species reactivity has this antibody been validated against?

Validated reactivity is listed on the PDP and on each lot's datasheet. We validate against the most commonly tested species for the target (GNG2 Antibody); cross-reactivity in untested species may exist but is not guaranteed. Contact technical support for specific species inquiries.