neuregulin-4, erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4, CAS No.rp174592, erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4

CAS: rp174592 Cat. No.: rp174592

GRADE & PURITY Moligand™

Specifications

Product Name

neuregulin-4, erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4, CAS No.rp174592

Sinonimi

neuregulin 4 | NRG-4

Grado

Moligand™

Specifiche e purezza

Moligand™

Meccanismo d'azione

erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4

CAS

rp174592

Tipo di molecola

Peptidi

Product Line

Prodotti biologici

Stoccaggio e spedizione

Condizioni di conservazione di stoccaggio

Room temperature

Obiettivi associati (umani)

ERBB4 Tclin Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-4 (0 Activities)

Discover Target: ERBB4

Activity Type	Activity Value -log(M)	Mechanism of Action	Activity Reference	Publications (PubMed IDs)

Informazioni genetiche

• Alternate Names: neuregulin 4 | NRG-4
• Reference:
  • 1. Kinetics and inhibition of recombinant human cystathionine gamma-lyase. Toward the rational control of transsulfuration., The Journal of biological chemistry, Steegborn, C C and 7 more authors.
  • 2. Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Strausberg, Robert L RL and 83 more authors.
  • 3. Genomic basis of cystathioninuria (MIM 219500) revealed by multiple mutations in cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH)., Human genetics, Wang, Jian J and Hegele, Robert A RA.
  • 4. Cloning and nucleotide sequence of human liver cDNA encoding for cystathionine gamma-lyase., Biochemical and biophysical research communications, Lu, Y Y, O'Dowd, B F BF, Orrego, H H and Israel, Y Y.
  • 5. Single nucleotide polymorphism in CTH associated with variation in plasma homocysteine concentration., Clinical genetics, Wang, J J, Huff, A M AM, Spence, J D JD and Hegele, R A RA.
  • 6. Cystathionine gamma-lyase overexpression inhibits cell proliferation via a H2S-dependent modulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and p21Cip/WAK-1., The Journal of biological chemistry, Yang, Guangdong G, Cao, Kun K, Wu, Lingyun L and Wang, Rui R.
  • 7. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)., Genome research, Gerhard, Daniela S DS and 115 more authors.
  • 8. Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network., Nature, Rual, Jean-François JF and 37 more authors.
  • 9. The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1., Nature, Gregory, S G SG and 178 more authors.
  • 10. Polymorphisms in one-carbon metabolism and trans-sulfuration pathway genes and susceptibility to bladder cancer., International journal of cancer, Moore, Lee E LE and 14 more authors. more
  • 11. Toward a confocal subcellular atlas of the human proteome., Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP, Barbe, Laurent L and 10 more authors.
  • 12. Kinetic properties of polymorphic variants and pathogenic mutants in human cystathionine gamma-lyase., Biochemistry, Zhu, Weidong W, Lin, Alexander A and Banerjee, Ruma R.
  • 13. Pathway-based evaluation of 380 candidate genes and lung cancer susceptibility suggests the importance of the cell cycle pathway., Carcinogenesis, Hosgood, H Dean HD and 12 more authors.
  • 14. Relationship between cystathionine gamma-lyase gene polymorphism and essential hypertension in Northern Chinese Han population., Chinese medical journal, Li, Yun Y and 8 more authors.
  • 15. Active cystathionine beta-synthase can be expressed in heme-free systems in the presence of metal-substituted porphyrins or a chemical chaperone., The Journal of biological chemistry, Majtan, Tomas T, Singh, Laishram R LR, Wang, Liqun L, Kruger, Warren D WD and Kraus, Jan P JP.
  • 16. MALDI-TOF MS genotyping of polymorphisms related to 1-carbon metabolism using common and mass-modified terminators., Clinical chemistry, Meyer, Klaus K, Fredriksen, Ase A and Ueland, Per Magne PM.
  • 17. Structural basis for the inhibition mechanism of human cystathionine gamma-lyase, an enzyme responsible for the production of H(2)S., The Journal of biological chemistry, Sun, Qingxiang Q and 10 more authors.
  • 18. Oral facial clefts and gene polymorphisms in metabolism of folate/one-carbon and vitamin A: a pathway-wide association study., Genetic epidemiology, Boyles, Abee L AL and 16 more authors.
  • 19. Large-scale proteomics and phosphoproteomics of urinary exosomes., Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, Gonzales, Patricia A PA and 7 more authors.
  • 20. An association study of 45 folate-related genes in spina bifida: Involvement of cubilin (CUBN) and tRNA aspartic acid methyltransferase 1 (TRDMT1)., Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology, Franke, Barbara B and 7 more authors.
  • 21. Polymorphisms in innate immunity genes and lung cancer risk in Xuanwei, China., Environmental and molecular mutagenesis, Shen, Min M and 12 more authors.
  • 22. H2S biogenesis by human cystathionine gamma-lyase leads to the novel sulfur metabolites lanthionine and homolanthionine and is responsive to the grade of hyperhomocysteinemia., The Journal of biological chemistry, Chiku, Taurai T and 5 more authors.
  • 23. Variations in folate pathway genes are associated with unexplained female infertility., Fertility and sterility, Altmäe, Signe S and 7 more authors.
  • 24. Bile-acid-activated farnesoid X receptor regulates hydrogen sulfide production and hepatic microcirculation., World journal of gastroenterology, Renga, Barbara B, Mencarelli, Andrea A, Migliorati, Marco M, Distrutti, Eleonora E and Fiorucci, Stefano S.
  • 25. Cystathionine gamma-lyase: Clinical, metabolic, genetic, and structural studies., Molecular genetics and metabolism, Kraus, Jan P JP and 14 more authors.
  • 26. Relative contributions of cystathionine beta-synthase and gamma-cystathionase to H2S biogenesis via alternative trans-sulfuration reactions., The Journal of biological chemistry, Singh, Sangita S, Padovani, Dominique D, Leslie, Rachel A RA, Chiku, Taurai T and Banerjee, Ruma R.
  • 27. PTEN identified as important risk factor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease., Respiratory medicine, Hosgood, H Dean HD, Menashe, Idan I, He, Xingzhou X, Chanock, Stephen S and Lan, Qing Q.
  • 28. Genetic susceptibility to distinct bladder cancer subphenotypes., European urology, Guey, Lin T LT and 18 more authors.
  • 29. Gene-centric association signals for lipids and apolipoproteins identified via the HumanCVD BeadChip., American journal of human genetics, Talmud, Philippa J PJ and 38 more authors.
  • 30. Integrative predictive model of coronary artery calcification in atherosclerosis., Circulation, McGeachie, Michael M and 13 more authors.
  • 31. Cystathionine beta-synthase 844Ins68 polymorphism is not associated with the levels of homocysteine and cysteine in an Indian population., Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals, Kumar, Jitender J, Garg, Gaurav G, Karthikeyan, Ganesan G and Sengupta, Shantanu S.
  • 32. The expression and activity of cystathionine-γ-lyase and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase in human neoplastic cell lines., Amino acids, Jurkowska, Halina H, Placha, Wojciech W, Nagahara, Noriuki N and Wróbel, Maria M.
  • 33. Ancient origin of the CTH alelle carrying the c.200C>T (p.T67I) variant in patients with cystathioninuria., Clinical genetics, Espinós, C C and 8 more authors.
  • 34. Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of thiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study., Diabetes care, Bailey, Swneke D SD and 11 more authors.
  • 35. Maternal genes and facial clefts in offspring: a comprehensive search for genetic associations in two population-based cleft studies from Scandinavia., PloS one, Jugessur, Astanand A and 12 more authors.
  • 36. [Expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase/hydrogen sulfide pathway in CVB3-induced myocarditis in mice]., Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics, Hua, Wang W and 6 more authors.
  • 37. Folate-metabolizing gene variants and pregnancy outcome of IVF., Reproductive biomedicine online, Laanpere, M M and 5 more authors.
  • 38. Specificity protein-1 as a critical regulator of human cystathionine gamma-lyase in smooth muscle cells., The Journal of biological chemistry, Yang, Guangdong G, Pei, Yanxi Y, Teng, Huajian H, Cao, Qiuhui Q and Wang, Rui R.
  • 39. Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium., Briefings in bioinformatics, Gaudet, Pascale P, Livstone, Michael S MS, Lewis, Suzanna E SE and Thomas, Paul D PD.
  • 40. Expression of cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase in human pregnant myometrium and their roles in the control of uterine contractility., PloS one, You, Xing-Ji XJ and 8 more authors.
  • 41. MicroRNA-21 represses human cystathionine gamma-lyase expression by targeting at specificity protein-1 in smooth muscle cells., Journal of cellular physiology, Yang, Guangdong G, Pei, Yanxi Y, Cao, Qiuhui Q and Wang, Rui R.
  • 42. H2S-Induced sulfhydration of the phosphatase PTP1B and its role in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response., Science signaling, Krishnan, Navasona N, Fu, Cexiong C, Pappin, Darryl J DJ and Tonks, Nicholas K NK.
  • 43. Characterization of hydrogen sulfide and its synthases, cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase, in human prostatic tissue and cells., Urology, Guo, Hui H and 5 more authors.
  • 44. Sp1 is involved in regulation of cystathionine γ-lyase gene expression and biological function by PI3K/Akt pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines., Cellular signalling, Yin, Peng P and 12 more authors.
  • 45. H₂S protects against pressure overload-induced heart failure via upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase., Circulation, Kondo, Kazuhisa K and 14 more authors.
  • 46. Reduced cystathionine γ-lyase and increased miR-21 expression are associated with increased vascular resistance in growth-restricted pregnancies: hydrogen sulfide as a placental vasodilator., The American journal of pathology, Cindrova-Davies, Tereza T and 5 more authors.
  • 47. Dysregulation of hydrogen sulfide producing enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase contributes to maternal hypertension and placental abnormalities in preeclampsia., Circulation, Wang, Keqing K and 14 more authors.
  • 48. Regulation of cystathionine γ-lyase in mammalian cells by hypoxia., Biochemical genetics, Wang, Maoxian M, Guo, Zhanyun Z and Wang, Shilong S.
  • 49. A genome-wide association study of chemotherapy-induced alopecia in breast cancer patients., Breast cancer research : BCR, Chung, Suyoun S and 6 more authors.
  • 50. [Cystathionine γ-lyase]., Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej (Online), Jurkowska, Halina H, Kaczor-Kamińska, Marta M, Bronowicka-Adamska, Patrycja P and Wróbel, Maria M.
  • 51. Decreased cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) activity in livers of type 1 diabetic rats and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of type 1 diabetic patients., The Journal of biological chemistry, Manna, Prasenjit P, Gungor, Neslihan N, McVie, Robert R and Jain, Sushil K SK.
  • 52. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)/cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) pathway contributes to the proliferation of hepatoma cells., Mutation research, Pan, Yan Y and 5 more authors.
  • 53. The cystathionine γ-lyase/hydrogen sulfide system maintains cellular glutathione status., The Biochemical journal, Lee, Zheng-Wei ZW, Low, Yi-Lian YL, Huang, Shufen S, Wang, Tianxiao T and Deng, Lih-Wen LW.
  • 54. The binding site for the transcription factor, NF-κB, on the cystathionine γ-lyase promoter is critical for LPS-induced cystathionine γ-lyase expression., International journal of molecular medicine, Wang, Maoxian M, Guo, Zhanyun Z and Wang, Shilong S.
  • 55. Regulation of cystathionine gamma-lyase/H₂S system and its pathological implication., Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition), Zhao, Kexin K, Li, Hongzhu H, Li, Shuangshuang S and Yang, Guangdong G.
  • 56. Dysregulation of hydrogen sulphide metabolism impairs oviductal transport of embryos., Nature communications, Ning, Nannan N and 5 more authors.
  • 57. Wnt/β-catenin signaling induces the transcription of cystathionine-γ-lyase, a stimulator of tumor in colon cancer., Cellular signalling, Fan, Kun K and 7 more authors.
  • 58. miRNA-30 family inhibition protects against cardiac ischemic injury by regulating cystathionine-γ-lyase expression., Antioxidants & redox signaling, Shen, Yaqi Y and 7 more authors.
  • 59. Role of the cystathionine γ lyase/hydrogen sulfide pathway in human melanoma progression., Pigment cell & melanoma research, Panza, Elisabetta E and 11 more authors.
  • 60. A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network., Cell, Rolland, Thomas T and 69 more authors.
  • 61. Neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease involves loss of cystathionine γ-lyase., Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.), Paul, Bindu D BD and Snyder, Solomon H SH.
  • 62. The importance of MTHFR, MTR, MTRR and CSE expression levels in Caucasian women with preeclampsia., European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, Seremak-Mrozikiewicz, Agnieszka A and 6 more authors.
  • 63. The importance of rs1021737 and rs482843 polymorphisms of cystathionine gamma-lyase in the etiology of preeclampsia in the Caucasian population., Ginekologia polska, Mrozikiewicz, Przemysław M PM and 8 more authors.
  • 64. Cystathionine γ-lyase, a H2S-generating enzyme, is a GPBAR1-regulated gene and contributes to vasodilation caused by secondary bile acids., American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, Renga, Barbara B and 9 more authors.
  • 65. Correlation between the cystathionine-γ-lyase (CES) and the severity of peptic ulcer disease., African health sciences, Chen, Xiong X, Wan, Ying-Chun YC, Guo, Tao T, Xu, Can-Xia CX and Wang, Fen F.
  • 66. MPST but not CSE is the primary regulator of hydrogen sulfide production and function in the coronary artery., American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, Kuo, Maggie M MM and 10 more authors.
  • 67. Transcriptional Regulation of Cystathionine-γ-Lyase in Endothelial Cells by NADPH Oxidase 4-Dependent Signaling., The Journal of biological chemistry, Mistry, Rajesh K RK and 8 more authors.
  • 68. LPS Up-Regulates Cystathionine γ -Lyase Gene Expression in Primary Human Macrophages via NF-κB/ERK Pathway., Inflammation & allergy drug targets, Badiei, Alireza A, Gieseg, Steven S, Davies, Sian S, Izani Othman, Mohd M and Bhatia, Madhav M.
  • 69. Radiation Exposure Promotes Hepatocarcinoma Cell Invasion through Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Mediated by H2S/CSE Pathway., Radiation research, Pan, Yan Y, Zhou, Cuiping C, Yuan, Dexiao D, Zhang, Jianghong J and Shao, Chunlin C.
  • 70. Cystathionine γ-lyase(CSE)/hydrogen sulfide system is regulated by miR-216a and influences cholesterol efflux in macrophages via the PI3K/AKT/ABCA1 pathway., Biochemical and biophysical research communications, Gong, Duo D and 15 more authors.
  • 71. MicroRNA-186 promotes macrophage lipid accumulation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by targeting cystathionine γ-lyase in THP-1 macrophages., Atherosclerosis, Yao, Yan Y and 9 more authors.
  • 72. Cystathionine γ-lyase is expressed in human atherosclerotic plaque microvessels and is involved in micro-angiogenesis., Scientific reports, van den Born, J C JC and 5 more authors.
  • 73. Dichotomous effects of isomeric secondary amines containing an aromatic nitrile and nitro group on human aortic smooth muscle cells via inhibition of cystathionine-γ-lyase., Biochimie, Ji, Yajing Y and 6 more authors.
  • 74. Distinctive expression pattern of cystathionine-β-synthase and cystathionine-γ-lyase identifies mesenchymal stromal cells transition to mineralizing osteoblasts., Journal of cellular physiology, Gambari, Laura L and 6 more authors.
  • 75. Age-Dependent Allergic Asthma Development and Cystathionine Gamma-Lyase Deficiency., Antioxidants & redox signaling, Wang, Peipei P and 6 more authors.
  • 76. Augmented H2S production via cystathionine-beta-synthase upregulation plays a role in pregnancy-associated uterine vasodilation., Biology of reproduction, Sheibani, Lili L and 7 more authors.
  • 77. Total sulfane sulfur bioavailability reflects ethnic and gender disparities in cardiovascular disease., Redox biology, Rajpal, Saurabh S and 12 more authors.
  • 78. Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides., Gene, Maruyama, K K and Sugano, S S.

Application Protocols

Item-specific

• Tested application types, recommended working concentrations, and positive controls are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General protocol outlines (context only; adapt to your system)

• Cell-based pathway activation assay:
  • Prepare serial dilutions in assay medium with controlled vehicle content.
  • Treat receptor-expressing cells for 5–30 min; lyse and quantify phospho-targets by ELISA or Western blot.
  • Include native-ligand control (if available), vehicle control, and time-zero baseline.
• Biophysical binding (SPR/BLI):
  • Immobilize receptor ECD or capture tagged ligand (format-dependent).
  • Inject analyte across a concentration series; fit association/dissociation to derive kinetic/affinity parameters.
• Stability check:
  • Incubate working solution under assay conditions; analyze by LC–MS or SDS-PAGE (for proteins) to confirm integrity over experimental timescales.

Biological Roles

Literature/general biology (context only; not item-specific claims)

• Neuregulin-4 (NRG4) is a member of the neuregulin/EGF-like ligand family that can interact with ErbB receptor pathways. Across the family, ligand binding typically triggers receptor dimerization and downstream signaling cascades (e.g., PI3K/AKT, MAPK), depending on receptor context. Specific receptor selectivity and potency for this SKU are Not specified; confirm experimentally.
• In cellular systems, NRG-family ligands are used to modulate signal transduction for pathway mapping, target validation, and phenotypic screening.
• For peptide/protein ligands, post-translational processing, glycosylation state, and disulfide pairing influence activity, stability, and receptor engagement. For small-molecule mimetics, scaffold and stereochemistry determine binding and functional bias (agonism/antagonism) in a context-dependent manner.

Recommended research uses (general)

• Use as a pathway probe in biochemistry and cell models to interrogate ErbB-related signaling, employing appropriate controls and time-resolved readouts (e.g., phospho-protein assays). The actual activity profile of this product is not specified and should be verified in-house.

Buffer Applications

Applicability note

• This product is not a classical buffering agent. Buffer selection is nevertheless critical for assay performance with ligand/receptor systems.

General buffer guidance (context only)

• For protein/peptide ligands: Neutral pH buffers (PBS, HEPES 10–50 mM, pH 7.2–7.6) with low carrier protein (0.1% BSA) can reduce nonspecific adsorption. Include gentle detergents (0.01% Tween-20) when compatible with the assay to minimize surface loss.
• For small-molecule ligands: Use assay buffers with controlled ionic strength; keep final DMSO ≤0.1–0.5% v/v. Monitor precipitation upon dilution from organic stocks.
• Avoid chelators or reducing agents if the ligand or receptor requires metal ions or disulfide integrity; validate with controls.

Item-specific data

• Specific buffer recipes, pH stability ranges, and compatibility for this SKU are Not specified; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and optimize empirically.

Green Alternatives

Scope note

• Green solvent/reagent substitution is typically discussed for bulk chemical processes. This product is a research ligand/compound used at small scale in screening, so environmental impact hinges largely on solvent choice and assay design rather than on the compound itself.

Practical greener choices (general guidance)

• Minimize DMSO where feasible; consider aqueous-buffer stock solutions for peptide/protein forms.
• For small-molecule stocks, keep DMSO volumes minimal and consolidate dilutions to reduce waste. Where compatible, replace acetonitrile or DMF in analytics with ethanol/water methods or supercritical CO2 chromatography.
• Use low-volume, high-density assay formats (384/1536-well) to decrease solvent consumption per data point.

Tradeoffs

• Lower-toxicity solvents (ethanol) may compromise solubility or stability; pre-validate to prevent precipitation or activity loss.
• Aqueous-only handling for hydrophobic mimetics may be impractical; microvolumes of DMSO remain standard in HTS.

Item-specific note

• No alternative formulation data are provided for this SKU. Any greener substitution should be validated empirically for your assay. Refer to CoA/Spec Sheet for compatibility guidance if available.

Pharmaceutical Uses

Scope and restrictions

• For research use only. Not for human or veterinary use. No clinical or therapeutic claims are made or implied.

Formulation and development context (general)

• Ligands such as neuregulin-family constructs or their mimetics can be used as research tools in preclinical discovery to probe target pathways and inform medicinal chemistry or bioprocess parameters.
• If used as a reference ligand in assay development, ensure well-defined form (salt/counterion, sequence, or scaffold), concentration traceability, and stability-indicating analytics.

Item-specific note

• This SKU’s pharmacopeial status, excipient role, residuals, and endotoxin/bioburden (if protein) are Not specified; consult CoA/Spec Sheet. Any formulation beyond basic research assays requires user-led qualification.

Physical Properties

Item-specific (from Product Data)

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight (item): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular formula (item): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Other physicochemical specs (bp, mp, density, logP, pKa, solubility, refractive index): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Literature/general considerations (context only)

• Neuregulin-4 as a recombinant protein or peptide typically behaves as a water-soluble biomolecule; solubility is influenced by sequence and formulation (often buffered saline with carrier protein).
• Small-molecule mimetics of protein ligands can span a range of lipophilicity (cLogP ~1–4, literature ranges) and may be soluble in DMSO stocks (10–50 mM typical for screening compounds, literature practice). Actual values for this catalog item are not specified.
• If supplied lyophilized (general case), reconstitution solvent and ionic strength/pH strongly impact solubility and stability; consult the item’s CoA/Spec Sheet for definitive instructions.

Quality and Grades

Item-specific (from Product Data)

• Grade: Moligand™

What Moligand™ typically signifies (general explanation; not a specification of additional tests unless noted on CoA)

• Moligand™ denotes inclusion in a curated ligand/compound collection designed for discovery screening, target engagement studies, and SAR exploration. Such collections often emphasize identity verification and suitability for high-throughput screening workflows.
• Typical expectations for a screening-grade ligand include: confirmed identity (e.g., LC–MS/HRMS), defined form (free base/salt or peptide sequence), and a format compatible with plate-based assays. Exact acceptance criteria, residual solvent limits, salt content, water content, and UV cutoff are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Implications for end-users

• Suitable for research use in biochemical or cell-based assays (Research Use Only). Not for diagnostic or therapeutic use.
• For quantitative studies (e.g., KD/EC50 determination), consult the batch CoA for purity, counterion, and concentration traceability, and perform in-house qualification where needed (orthogonal purity, endotoxin for protein forms, etc., as applicable).

Reaction and Applications

Applicability note

• This product is positioned as a ligand/compound for research screening rather than a classical synthetic reagent. Consequently, conventional organic reaction applications are not typically relevant for this item.

Research applications (general/literature context; expand as applicable by user)

• Target engagement: Assess binding to ErbB-family pathways (NRG-related biology) using biochemical binding assays, SPR/BLI, or cell-based reporter assays. The specific target for this SKU is Not specified; verify via CoA or internal testing.
• Phenotypic screening: Evaluate pathway-relevant phenotypes in cellular models with controlled exposure and solvent background.
• SAR/Mechanism studies: If provided as a small-molecule mimetic, use concentration–response curves, competitive binding against native ligands, and pathway readouts (e.g., phosphorylation assays) to elucidate mechanism.

Practical considerations

• Prepare fresh working solutions; filter-sterilize aqueous formulations when compatible.
• Include solvent-only and positive-control arms (e.g., native ligand where applicable) to benchmark activity.
• Track adsorption to plasticware (especially for peptides) and consider low-bind tubes/plates.

Reaction Conditions

Applicability note

• Traditional reaction conditions (solvent, temperature, catalysts, yields) do not apply directly to a research ligand/compound used in biological assays.

Assay-condition guidance (general; literature practice)

• Concentration ranges: Start with broad titrations (e.g., 0.1 nM to 10 µM) to capture potential potencies; narrow based on observed activity. The actual active range for this SKU is not specified.
• Vehicle: DMSO stocks for small molecules; aqueous buffers for peptide/protein forms. Keep final vehicle constant across controls.
• Incubation: 5–60 min for proximal signaling readouts (phosphorylation), up to 24–72 h for transcriptional/phenotypic outcomes; optimize per system.
• Temperature/pH: Maintain physiological conditions (37°C, pH ~7.4 for mammalian systems) unless otherwise justified.

Controls and analytics

• Include dose–response, time-course, and vehicle controls. Validate with orthogonal readouts (Western blot/ELISA for signaling; BLI/SPR/ITC for binding if material supply allows).

Safety and Handling

Item-specific (from Product Data)

• GHS classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Signal word / Pictograms / H-statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
• Storage: Room temperature (as provided). Follow any additional guidance on the label/CoA.

General laboratory guidance (context; defer to SDS as authoritative)

• Handle in a clean, dry environment, avoiding inhalation of powders or aerosols; use appropriate containment (weighing hood) if in solid form.
• PPE: lab coat, safety glasses, and disposable nitrile gloves. Change gloves regularly when handling DMSO stock solutions (DMSO can facilitate dermal absorption of solutes).
• Incompatibilities: Avoid strong oxidizers and reducing agents until compatibility is known. For protein/peptide forms, avoid extreme pH and repeated freeze–thaw cycles (if stored cold by the user) to minimize denaturation.
• First aid (overview): Upon skin/eye contact, rinse with water for ≥15 min; upon inhalation, move to fresh air; if ingested, rinse mouth. Seek medical attention if adverse effects occur.
• Waste: Collect solutions and residues as organic/biochemical laboratory waste per institutional and local regulations.
• Always consult the product-specific SDS for definitive hazard, spill, and disposal procedures.

Solvent Selection

Item-specific

• Solubility profile for this SKU is Not specified; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General guidance by material type (context only)

• Protein/peptide form: Reconstitute in sterile water or physiological buffers (e.g., PBS, HEPES) at neutral pH; add carrier proteins (0.1% BSA) if adsorption is a concern. Avoid organic co-solvents unless specifically validated.
• Small-molecule ligand form: Prepare concentrated DMSO stocks (e.g., 10 mM) and dilute into assay buffer immediately before use, maintaining final DMSO ≤0.1–0.5% v/v to protect cell viability and protein function (literature practice). If precipitation occurs on dilution, consider adding a small percentage of co-solvent (PEG400, ethanol) within assay tolerances.

Selection tips

• Match solvent to the assay system: purely biochemical assays tolerate slightly higher DMSO than sensitive cell systems.
• Verify stability in chosen solvent over assay timescales (adsorption to plastics, oxidation, hydrolysis). Conduct a short pretest (clarity, LC–MS check) for your buffer/solvent mix.

Storage and Reconstitution

Item-specific (from Product Data)

• Storage conditions: Room temperature.
• Shipped in: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Appearance and provided form: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General guidance (context; verify against CoA before use)

• If supplied as a dry solid/lyophilizate: Store desiccated and protected from light. Reconstitute with appropriate solvent (water/buffer for peptide/protein; DMSO for small molecules) to prepare a clear stock. Record final concentration, pH, and any carrier components.
• If supplied in solution: Keep container tightly closed; avoid repeated opening. Aliquot upon receipt to minimize headspace and contamination.
• Working solutions: Prepare fresh before use. If refrigeration or freezing is chosen by the user, avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles; store aliquots at −20 to −80°C as compatible with the material (verify stability first).
• Adsorption mitigation: For dilute peptide/protein solutions, use low-bind plastics and include inert carrier (e.g., 0.1% BSA) when compatible with assays.

Always defer to the product label and CoA/Spec Sheet for definitive storage, reconstitution media, and stability windows for this specific SKU.

Structure and Identity

Item-specific (from Product Data)

• Product name: neuregulin-4 (SKU: rp174592)
• Grade/Purity: Moligand™
• Storage conditions: Room temperature
• CAS: rp174592 (catalog placeholder)
• Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Literature/general identity notes (for context only, not the item specification)

• The term “neuregulin-4 (NRG4)” commonly refers to a member of the neuregulin family of EGF-like ligands. Depending on supplier, products named “neuregulin-4” can be recombinant proteins, peptides (EGF-like domain), or small-molecule mimetics.
• Structural features (literature): native NRG4 proteins contain an EGF-like domain responsible for binding to ErbB family receptors. Peptide or small-molecule mimetics may contain pharmacophores that emulate the key binding epitope.

2D/functional description (general)

• If the product is a peptide/protein form, expect an EGF-like motif containing conserved cysteines (disulfide-bonded) that form a compact looped domain.
• If the product is a small-molecule ligand (consistent with listing under small molecules/compound library), the exact scaffold and stereochemistry are supplier-defined and are not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Synthetic Utility

Applicability note

• This product is intended as a ligand or screening compound rather than a synthetic reagent or building block. Conventional synthetic utility (e.g., cross-coupling, carbonyl chemistry) is not typically applicable.

General possibilities (context only)

• If supplied as a small molecule, derivatization for SAR (analogue synthesis, tag installation) may be pursued by medicinal chemists once the scaffold is disclosed. Without structure disclosure for this SKU, no specific transformations can be recommended.
• For peptide/protein forms, chemical modification strategies (PEGylation, label conjugation via NHS esters or maleimides) are common, but sequence-specific reactivity determines feasibility. Such details are Not specified for this item.

Recommendation

• Treat the product as a research-standard ligand for assays; for chemical manipulation or conjugation, obtain structural details and reactivity guidance from the CoA/Spec Sheet or supplier technical support.

Target Specificity

Item-specific

• Target, receptor specificity, epitope, and binding constants for this SKU are Not specified; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General context (literature; not item-specific claims)

• Neuregulin-family ligands often engage ErbB receptors; precise subtype selectivity (and functional outcome) depends on ligand form and assay context. For this product, no target specificity data are provided. Empirical profiling is recommended (e.g., receptor phosphorylation panels, competition with native ligands).

Domande frequenti

What is Moligand??

Moligand? is one of Aladdin Scientific's premium product lines, formulated for high-purity applications across multiple workflows. Compared to standard grades in the same workflow, Moligand? products typically offer tighter specifications, more rigorous QC, and stronger lot-to-lot consistency.

How should this product be stored?

Store at room temperature.

What are the CAS number, molecular formula and molecular weight?

The CAS Number is rp174592.

What documentation is provided?

Available product documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (COA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and specification sheets, is shown in the product document area. Document availability and access follow the current site policy.