Anticorpo ricombinante VPS4a - Anticorpo primario, specific to VPS4A, Rabbit IgG

Cat. No.: Ab134482

QUALITÀ & PUREZZA Recombinant, ExactAb™, Validated

Application

IF/ICC, IHC, WB

Host species

Coniglio

Reactive species

consiglio, Mouse, Umano

Isotype

Rabbit IgG

Conjugation

Unconjugated

Panoramica

L'anticorpo di coniglio anti VPS4a umano, ricombinante, può essere utilizzato per WB, IHC, ICC, IF e così via.

Applicazione:

WB: 1/500 - 1/1000

IHC: 1/50-1/100

ICC/IF: 1/50-1/200

Funzione della proteina

Coinvolto nelle fasi finali del percorso dei corpi multivescicolari endosomiali (MVB). Riconosce gli assemblaggi ESCRT-III associati alla membrana e ne catalizza lo smontaggio, eventualmente in combinazione con la fissione della membrana. Ridistribuisce i componenti di ESCRT-III nel citoplasma per ulteriori cicli di smistamento delle MVB. Le MVB contengono vescicole intraluminali (ILV) generate dall'invaginazione e dalla scissione della membrana limitante dell'endosoma, che vengono per lo più consegnate ai lisosomi per consentire la degradazione delle proteine di membrana, come i recettori dei fattori di crescita stimolati, gli enzimi lisosomiali e i lipidi. Insieme al macchinario ESCRT sembra funzionare anche in eventi topologicamente equivalenti di fissione di membrana, come le fasi terminali della citocinesi e la gemmazione dei virus avvolti (HIV-1 e altri lentivirus). Coinvolto nella citocinesi.

Specifiche

Product Name

Anticorpo ricombinante VPS4a - Anticorpo primario, specific to VPS4A, Rabbit IgG

Sinonimi

Proteina SKD2 anticorpo | hVPS4 anticorpo | SKD1 anticorpo | SKD1 homolog anticorpo | SKD1A anticorpo | SKD2 anticorpo | Vacuolar protein sorting 4 homolog A anticorpo | Vacuolar protein sorting 4, yeast, homolog of, A anticorpo | Vacuolar protein sorting

Specifiche e purezza

ExactAb™, convalidato, ricombinante

Specie ospite

Coniglio

Specificità

VPS4A

Immunogeno

A synthetic peptide derived from human VPS4a (AA 424-437).

Controllo positivo

WB: K562, HeLa, Jurkat, Hep G2, RAW 264.7, NIH/3T3 and C6 cell lysates. IHC: Human breast cancer tissue. IF/ICC: HeLa cells.

Coniugazione

Unconjugated

Grado

ExactAb™, Recombinant, Validated

Isotipo

Rabbit IgG

Tipo di catena leggera

kappa

SDS-PAGE

150 kDa

Metodo di purificazione

Protein A purified

Product Line

Prodotti biologici

Stoccaggio e spedizione

Forma

Liquido

Condizioni di conservazione di stoccaggio

Conservare a -20°C, evitando di congelare e scongelare ripetutamente

Spedito in

Cassetta del ghiaccio + cuscini per il ghiaccio

Stabilità e conservazione

Conservare a 4°C a breve termine (1-2 settimane). Conservare a -20°C a lungo termine (24 mesi). Al momento del ricevimento, si consiglia di effettuare un'aliquota. Evitare il ciclo di congelamento/scongelamento.

Immagini

Western Blot: Recombinant VPS4a Antibody (Ab134482)

Recombinant VPS4a Antibody (Ab134482) - Western Blot
All lanes: Recombinant VPS4a Antibody (Ab134482) at 1/1000 dilution
Samples: Lysates at 20 µg per lane
Secondary: Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Ab170144) at 1/20000 dilution
Predicted band size: 49 kDa
Observed band size: 52 kDa
Exposure time: 29.1 s

IHC: Recombinant VPS4a Antibody (Ab134482)

Recombinant VPS4a Antibody (Ab134482) - IHC
Immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin-embedded Human breast cancer using Recombinant VPS4a Antibody (Ab134482). High-pressure and temperature Sodium Citrate pH 6.0 was used for antigen retrieval.

IF/ICC: Recombinant VPS4a Antibody (Ab134482)

Recombinant VPS4a Antibody (Ab134482) - IF/ICC
Immunocytochemistry analysis of VPS4a(green) in HeLa using Recombinant VPS4a Antibody (Ab134482), and DAPI(blue).

Applicazione

Applicazione

Dilution info

IF/ICC

1/50-1/200

WB

1/500-1/1000

IHC

1/50-1/100

Obiettivi associati (umani)

VPS4A Tbio Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A (0 Activities)

Discover Target: VPS4A

Activity Type	Activity Value -log(M)	Mechanism of Action	Activity Reference	Publications (PubMed IDs)

Application Protocols

No tested applications, recommended dilutions, or positive control samples are provided in the Product Data for Ab134482.

Refer to the CoA/Spec Sheet for item-specific:

• Validated applications (e.g., WB, IF/ICC, IP, IHC, ELISA)
• Suggested dilutions or mass-per-reaction
• Antigen retrieval or fixation recommendations (if applicable)
• Positive/negative control tissues or cell lines

General note: Begin with pilot titrations across a broad dilution range and include appropriate controls (isotype, no-primary, and genetic knockdown/knockout) to optimize conditions for your system.

Biological Roles

General background on the target VPS4A (literature; not item-specific)

• Protein: VPS4A (vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A) is an AAA ATPase (ATPases Associated with diverse cellular Activities) and a core component of the ESCRT (Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport) machinery.
• Function: Catalyzes ATP-dependent disassembly and recycling of ESCRT-III polymers, enabling membrane fission events such as multivesicular body (MVB) biogenesis, cytokinetic abscission, nuclear envelope reformation, autophagosome closure, and budding of many enveloped viruses.
• Complex assembly: VPS4A oligomerizes into hexameric/dodecameric rings; Vta1/LIP5 and MIT domain–mediated interactions with ESCRT-III (CHMP proteins) regulate activity and substrate engagement.
• Cellular localization: Cytosolic with transient recruitment to endosomes, midbody during cytokinesis, and damaged endolysosomal membranes; recruitment is mediated via MIT–MIM interactions.
• Paralogs and redundancy: VPS4A and VPS4B are paralogs with overlapping but not fully redundant functions; double depletion often yields stronger phenotypes than single knockdown.
• Research relevance: Antibodies to VPS4A support interrogation of ESCRT-dependent trafficking, receptor downregulation, cytokinetic checkpoint control, and virology (e.g., budding efficiency assays). They are also used to validate genetic perturbations (siRNA/CRISPR) and to map VPS4A interaction networks by IP/MS.

Note

• The above summarizes general biology. Ab134482 item-specific epitope, species cross-reactivity, and application validation are not provided and should be obtained from the CoA/Spec Sheet.

Buffer Applications

This product is an antibody reagent, not a buffering agent. Classical buffer systems (e.g., phosphate, Tris, HEPES) are relevant only insofar as they are used as diluents or formulation vehicles for the antibody.

General guidance (not item-specific)

• Working buffers: PBS or TBS at pH ~7.2–7.6 are commonly used for antibody dilution. Add 0.05–0.1% Tween-20 for wash buffers in immunoassays to reduce nonspecific binding.
• Blocking agents: 1–5% nonfat dry milk, 1–3% BSA, or species-specific serum depending on the application (WB, IF, IHC) and detection system.

Item-specific buffer composition for Ab134482 is not provided; refer to the CoA/Spec Sheet for exact formulation, preservatives, and compatible diluents.

Green Alternatives

While antibodies themselves are aqueous protein reagents, greener laboratory practices can reduce environmental impact without compromising data quality.

Practical sustainability options (general guidance)

• Minimize waste: Prepare small working aliquots to reduce disposal of expired material; use refillable reservoirs for washes.
• Buffer preparation: Use concentrated stock buffers to reduce packaging waste; select phosphate or Tris systems over specialized single-use reagents when suitable.
• Detergents and preservatives: Where biosafety permits, consider azide-free and low-toxicity preservatives (e.g., ProClin derivatives) and biodegradable detergents. Verify compatibility with your assay and the antibody’s formulation.
• Energy use: Store long-term at -20°C as specified; avoid unnecessary -80°C storage. Consolidate freezer space and maintain door-seal integrity to cut energy.
• Plastics: Employ low-binding, recyclable plastics where possible; rinse and recycle secondary containers according to local regulations.

Trade-offs

• Preservative-free formats can reduce hazardous waste but may require stricter aseptic handling and shorter bench life.
• Glycerol-free formulations ease downstream MS-proteomics but may reduce freeze–thaw stability; balance stability with sustainability.

Item-specific formulation and preservative details are not specified for this product; refer to the CoA/Spec Sheet when planning greener substitutions.

Pharmaceutical Uses

This antibody is supplied for research use only. No clinical, diagnostic, or therapeutic uses are claimed or supported by the Product Data.

General context (non-clinical)

• Process analytics: Research-grade antibodies may be used in non-GMP analytical assays during discovery to characterize targets, verify expression systems, or support mechanism studies. They are not suitable for human administration or clinical diagnostics without appropriate development and regulatory clearance.
• Formulation considerations: Excipient profiles (e.g., buffers, stabilizers) and impurity thresholds required for pharmaceutical applications are not applicable here.

Item-specific pharmacopeial status, excipient compliance, and GMP qualifications are not provided; consult the CoA if you require additional quality documentation for non-clinical studies.

Physical Properties

Item-specific facts (from Product Data)

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Formulation/buffer, pH, protein concentration: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight (exact): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General/literature values for antibodies (not item-specific specifications)

• Apparent molecular size: Whole IgG typically migrates near ~150 kDa by SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions; ~50 kDa heavy chain and ~25 kDa light chain under reducing conditions (literature).
• Isoelectric point (pI): IgGs commonly span pI ~6–9 depending on sequence and glycosylation (literature).
• Solubility: Antibodies are generally soluble in aqueous buffers (e.g., PBS, TBS) at pH ~6.5–8.0; stability can be enhanced by protein stabilizers (e.g., 0.1–1% BSA) and cryoprotectants (e.g., 10–50% glycerol) (literature guidance).
• Stability considerations: Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles; maintain on ice during use; adsorption losses reduced by carrier protein or low-binding plastics (general best practice).

Important

• Do not treat these literature values as specifications for this exact item. Where precise values are required (e.g., concentration, buffer composition, pH, excipients), consult the item’s CoA/Spec Sheet.

Quality and Grades

Item-specific facts (from Product Data)

• Grade/Purity: Recombinant, ExactAb™, Validated.

Interpretation and implications (general, not adding item-specific claims)

• Recombinant: Produced from defined DNA sequences in a cell-based expression system rather than from hybridoma ascites. Advantages typically include lot-to-lot consistency, animal-welfare benefits, and the potential for sequence-defined identity and engineering. Exact sequence/isotype are not specified for this item; refer to CoA.
• ExactAb™: A proprietary designation used by suppliers to indicate precisely engineered or sequence-defined recombinant antibodies. In practice, this often implies controlled expression and tighter process control; however, specific criteria for the ExactAb™ mark should be confirmed with the vendor’s documentation.
• Validated: Indicates the antibody underwent performance checks against its intended target. Because application types, species reactivity, and validation methods are not listed in the Product Data, users should consult the CoA/validation report for the exact test panel (e.g., WB, IF, IP) and acceptance criteria.

What to verify on receipt

• Identity: Clone ID/sequence (if available), isotype, host, and light chain type.
• Purity: SDS-PAGE profile and HCP/DNA residuals (if provided).
• Formulation: Buffer composition, protein concentration, presence/absence of preservatives (e.g., sodium azide), stabilizers (e.g., BSA, glycerol).
• Performance: Validation images/metrics for your intended application and species. Without item-specific details in the Product Data, these must be taken from the CoA/Spec Sheet.

Reaction and Applications

Antibodies are not used as reagents in chemical reactions; instead, they function as affinity reagents in immunoassays. No application list is provided for this item in the Product Data.

General/literature use cases for anti-VPS4A antibodies (not item-specific claims)

• Western blotting (WB): Detect endogenous VPS4A in cell lysates to assess expression or siRNA/CRISPR knockdown efficiency. Expected VPS4A band is ~49–50 kDa (literature), but validation must be confirmed for this item.
• Immunofluorescence (IF)/immunocytochemistry (ICC): Visualize VPS4A localization in endosomal compartments or at the midbody during cytokinesis, contingent on epitope accessibility and fixation method.
• Immunoprecipitation (IP)/co-IP: Enrichment of VPS4A complexes to study ESCRT-III interactions (e.g., CHMP proteins) and ATPase-dependent assembly/disassembly cycles.
• ELISA/target quantitation: If capture/detection compatible formats exist (not specified here), antibodies can be used to quantify VPS4A.

Practical considerations (general)

• Epitope sensitivity: VPS4A conformation may be sensitive to fixation and denaturation; optimization of antigen retrieval (for IHC) or fixation (paraformaldehyde vs methanol) may be required.
• Controls: Include isotype controls, no-primary, and known positive/negative cell lines (e.g., VPS4A knockdown) for data confidence.

Note: Because item-specific validated applications are not provided, treat the above as general guidance only and consult the CoA/validation data for Ab134482.

Reaction Conditions

Chemical reaction conditions are not applicable to antibody function. For immunoassay workflows, general incubation conditions are provided as literature guidance only and are not item-specific recommendations.

General incubation guidelines (not item-specific)

• Western blot: Primary antibody 0.1–1 µg/mL or 1:500–1:5,000 in blocking buffer; 1–16 h at 4–25°C. Secondary HRP conjugate per supplier instructions.
• Immunofluorescence/ICC: 1–10 µg/mL or 1:100–1:1,000; 1 h at room temperature or overnight at 4°C. Optimize fixation (PFA vs methanol) for VPS4A epitope.
• Immunoprecipitation: 1–5 µg antibody per mg lysate protein; incubate 1–4 h at 4°C with gentle rotation; capture with Protein A/G beads according to isotype.
• ELISA (capture/detection): If compatible formats are available, typical coating is 1–5 µg/mL in carbonate buffer; detection dilutions vary widely.

Important

• These are general ranges reported in the literature for antibody assays and may not apply to Ab134482. Use the CoA/validation data to set conditions for this specific product.

Safety and Handling

Item-specific facts (from Product Data)

• Storage: Store at -20°C. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
• Shipment: Shipped in an ice chest with ice pads.
• GHS/SDS: Signal word, hazard statements, pictograms, and classification are not specified for this item; refer to the SDS.

General safety guidance for laboratory antibodies (not item-specific)

• Antibodies are protein biologics in aqueous buffers and are typically considered low hazard; nonetheless, handle as laboratory reagents under Good Laboratory Practice (GLP).
• PPE: Wear lab coat, gloves, and safety glasses. Avoid ingestion, inhalation of aerosols, and contact with skin/eyes. Wash thoroughly after handling.
• Incompatibilities: Avoid strong oxidizers and proteases. Do not expose to extreme pH or high temperatures that may denature protein.
• Aseptic technique: If sterility is required for your application, work in a clean environment; filter-sterilize only if compatible with the item’s formulation (verify on CoA).
• First aid (general): In case of contact with eyes/skin, rinse with water. If inhaled, move to fresh air. If ingested, rinse mouth. Seek medical attention if symptoms occur. Always follow institutional EHS procedures.
• Special risks: Repeated freeze–thaw can cause aggregation and loss of activity. Adsorption to glass and some plastics can reduce apparent recovery at low concentrations; use low-binding consumables.

Authoritative information: For definitive hazards, composition, and handling instructions, consult the product’s SDS and CoA.

Solvent Selection

This product is a recombinant antibody supplied in an aqueous buffer; organic solvent selection is not typically applicable.

General guidance (literature/best practice)

• Medium: Use aqueous physiological buffers (e.g., PBS, TBS) at neutral pH. Avoid organic solvents that denature proteins (e.g., high % methanol, acetonitrile) unless used briefly for membrane activation steps that do not contact the antibody stock.
• Additives: For working solutions, 0.05–0.1% Tween-20 can reduce nonspecific binding in immunoassays; 1–5% nonfat milk or 1–3% BSA is common for blocking (application-dependent).
• Compatibility: If performing immunoblot transfer, methanol-containing transfer buffers should not contact the antibody reagent directly at high concentrations to avoid loss of activity.

Item-specific formulation, permissible diluents, and stabilizers are not specified for this item; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for precise buffer compatibility.

Storage and Reconstitution

Item-specific facts (from Product Data)

• Storage conditions: Store at -20°C. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
• Shipping: Ice chest with ice pads.

General handling guidance (not item-specific; verify against CoA)

• Upon receipt: Centrifuge briefly to collect liquid, inspect for leaks/precipitate. Record lot and date opened.
• Aliquoting: To minimize freeze–thaw cycles, divide into single-use aliquots in low-binding tubes. Keep working aliquots at 4°C for short-term use as permitted by the CoA.
• Cryoprotection: If compatible with the formulation, 10–50% glycerol is commonly added to enable storage at -20°C without freezing; confirm preservative/compatibility before modifying.
• Stabilizers: Carrier proteins (e.g., 0.1–1% BSA) may reduce adsorption losses at low concentration; verify if the product already contains carrier before adding.
• Thawing: Thaw on ice, mix gently by inversion; avoid vigorous vortexing and foaming.
• Light sensitivity: Protect from prolonged light if dye-conjugated (no conjugation is specified for this item).
• Do not store in frost-free freezers that cycle temperatures; avoid repeated temperature excursions.

Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet

• Exact buffer composition and pH
• Presence/absence of preservatives (e.g., sodium azide)
• Concentration, protein mass/volume, and recommended shelf life at 4°C/-20°C

Structure and Identity

Item-specific facts (from Product Data)

• SKU: Ab134482
• Product name: Recombinant VPS4a Antibody (ExactAb™, Validated)
• Intended target: VPS4A (vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A)
• Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• SMILES / InChIKey / CAS / CID: Not applicable to protein biologics and not provided for this item.

General/literature description (not item-specific)

• Molecular class: Recombinant monoclonal or recombinant antibody (isotype, clonality, host species, and sequence not specified in the Product Data).
• Structural features: Typical IgG-format antibodies are Y‑shaped heterotetramers with two heavy and two light chains joined by disulfides; variable domains mediate antigen binding to epitopes on VPS4A. Without item-specific details, exact format (IgG1/IgG2, scFv, Fab, etc.) cannot be confirmed.
• 2D description in words: Two identical antigen-binding arms (Fab regions) and one Fc stem (effector region) if IgG-format; paratopes recognize epitopes on VPS4A—an AAA ATPase of the ESCRT pathway.

Notes

• Sequence, epitope, clonality, and isotype are critical identifiers for antibodies; these are not specified for this item—please consult the Certificate of Analysis (CoA) or Specification Sheet for definitive identity attributes.

Synthetic Utility

Not typically applicable. Antibodies function as biological affinity reagents rather than synthetic building blocks or catalysts in small-molecule chemistry.

For researchers coupling antibodies to solid supports or labels (general guidance)

• Conjugation chemistries: NHS–ester to lysines, maleimide–thiol coupling to reduced cysteines, click chemistry (azide–alkyne), and enzymatic tagging (e.g., sortase) may be used to create labeled or immobilized antibodies.
• Critical parameters: Maintain native structure and binding; control degree of labeling (DOL); remove excess reagent; verify activity post-conjugation.

Item-specific conjugation readiness (e.g., carrier-free, preservative-free) is not specified for this antibody; check the CoA/Spec Sheet before performing any chemical modification.

Target Specificity

Item-specific details required for definitive specificity profiling (epitope, clone ID, isotype, species reactivity, cross-reactivity) are not provided in the Product Data for Ab134482.

Please consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for:

• Antigen details (full-length vs peptide immunogen; epitope mapping if available)
• Clone/sequence identification and isotype
• Species reactivity (human, mouse, rat, etc.) and predicted cross-reactivity
• Validation evidence (WB/IF/IP/IHC) and knockout/knockdown controls

General background (literature): The intended target VPS4A is an AAA ATPase in the ESCRT pathway; antibodies against VPS4A should distinguish it from the paralog VPS4B where possible. Item-specific cross-reactivity to VPS4B is unknown and must be determined from provided validation.

Domande frequenti

What does ExactAb? mean?

ExactAb? indicates the product has been validated for use in rigorous antibody validation workflows. Validation may include positive/negative control samples, signal-to-noise testing, and protocol-specific QC. Lot-specific test data is published on the Certificate of Analysis where available.

What does Recombinant mean?

Recombinant is a defined analytical purity tier suitable for workflows requiring a specific validated property. It specifies a minimum assay percentage, controlled limits on common impurities (water, heavy metals, residue on ignition), and lot-to-lot consistency. Recombinant is one of several purity tiers — choose based on the sensitivity and regulatory requirements of your method.

How should this product be stored?

Store at ?20 °C. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles. Aliquot into single-use volumes before freezing.

How is this product shipped?

This product ships in an insulated container with ice pads. Unpack on arrival and transfer it to the storage condition stated above.

What documentation is provided?

Available product documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (COA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and specification sheets, is shown in the product document area. Document availability and access follow the current site policy.

Which species reactivity has this antibody been validated against?

Validated reactivity is listed on the PDP and on each lot's datasheet. We validate against the most commonly tested species for the target (Recombinant VPS4a Antibody); cross-reactivity in untested species may exist but is not guaranteed. Contact technical support for specific species inquiries.