Sodium hyaluronate - ≥99.8%, Molecular weight: 1.7-2.6 million , CAS No.9067-32-7

CAS: 9067-32-7 Cat. No.: S1519982 Formula: (C₁₄H₂₁NaNO₁₁)n   Numero EC: 618-620-0

QUALITÀ & PUREZZA ≥99.8%, Molecular weight: 1.7-2.6 million

Storage

Room temperature

Shipped In

Normal

Specifiche

Specifiche e purezza

≥99.8%, Molecular weight: 1.7-2.6 million

Condizioni di conservazione di stoccaggio

Room temperature

Spedito in

Normal

Purezza

≥99.8%

Nomi e identificatori

Isomeri SMILES

CC(=O)N[C@@H]1C[C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]1O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O[C@@H]2C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)CO)O.[Na+]

WGK Germania

3

RTECS

MT7250000

Application Protocols

No tested application protocols are provided in the Product Data for this item. Typical workflows with sodium hyaluronate (general, literature) include:

• Preparation of stock solutions: hydrate gradually in sterile water or buffer with gentle stirring; allow complete dissolution over several hours.
• Sterile filtration (0.2 µm) of solutions for cell-related applications; avoid autoclaving to minimize depolymerization.
• Hydrogel formation: mix functionalized HA (e.g., thiolated HA) with complementary crosslinkers at defined stoichiometric ratios under physiological pH.

For validated, application-specific protocols (e.g., coating concentrations, hydrogel gelation times), consult peer-reviewed literature or develop in-house SOPs. This product includes no manufacturer-verified protocols.

Biological Roles

This section provides general background (literature) on hyaluronan biology; it does not imply specific biological certification for this item.

• Native function:

  • Extracellular matrix (ECM) component in connective, epithelial, and neural tissues; contributes to tissue hydration, viscoelasticity, and space-filling properties.
  • Molecular interactions: binds CD44, RHAMM, and other receptors; influences cell migration, proliferation, and matrix assembly.
  • Size-dependent signaling: high-MW HA is associated with structural/lubricating roles; low-MW fragments can act as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), modulating inflammation.
  • Lubrication: contributes to synovial fluid viscosity and ocular surface hydration (physicochemical role).

• Turnover and metabolism:

  • Synthesis: by HA synthases (HAS1–3) at the plasma membrane, extruding polymer extracellularly.
  • Degradation: by hyaluronidases and reactive oxygen species; fragments are cleared via lymphatics and liver.

• In vitro relevance:

  • Cell culture: HA-modified surfaces and hydrogels are used to model ECM mechanics and CD44-mediated adhesion.
  • Drug delivery: HA is often explored as a targeting/longevity modifier via receptor interactions and hydration layer formation.

• Practical notes:

  • Biological responses depend on molecular weight, concentration, and presentation (soluble vs. immobilized). These attributes are not specified for this item; confirm via CoA or independent characterization as needed.

Buffer Applications

Sodium hyaluronate is not a buffering agent and is not used to control pH directly. Instead, it is typically dissolved in buffered solutions to maintain pH while providing viscoelastic or ECM-mimetic properties.

• Practical guidance (general, literature):

  • Common vehicles: PBS (pH 7.2–7.4), HEPES-buffered saline, or MES buffer (pH ~5–6) for carbodiimide chemistry. The buffer choice is dictated by downstream application (biological assays vs. coupling reactions).
  • Ionic strength: Adjust to modulate viscosity and polymer coil size; lower ionic strength increases hydrodynamic volume and viscosity.
  • Sterility: For cell-related work, dissolve under aseptic conditions and sterile-filter (0.2 µm) rather than heat-sterilize.

• Not applicable as a buffer: For pH control, select appropriate buffering systems (e.g., phosphate, HEPES, MES) and use sodium hyaluronate solely as a rheology or matrix component.

Green Alternatives

Sodium hyaluronate is a bio-based, water-processable polymer, aligning well with green chemistry principles compared to petroleum-derived synthetic thickeners. Selection should consider renewable sourcing, processing energy, and end-of-life.

• Sustainability aspects (general):

  • Renewable origin: typically obtained via microbial fermentation, reducing reliance on petrochemicals (literature).
  • Benign solvent system: primary processing and use in water minimize VOCs.
  • Biodegradability: enzymatically and hydrolytically degradable under biological conditions.

• Alternatives and trade-offs (literature comparison; not product-specific):

  | Option | Origin | Solvent/process | Key advantages | Trade-offs | |---|---|---|---|---| | Hyaluronate (this class) | Bio-based | Aqueous | Biocompatible, CD44 interactions, viscoelastic | Cost, MW sensitivity, microbial susceptibility | | Alginate | Bio-based (algal) | Aqueous | Rapid ionic gelation with Ca2+ | Brittle gels, less specific bioactivity | | Chitosan | Bio-based (chitin) | Acidic aqueous | Cationic, antimicrobial | Requires acidic pH, variability | | HEC/CMC | Bio-based cellulose derivatives | Aqueous | Low cost, robust rheology | Different bioactivity, less ECM mimicry | | PEG (various MW) | Petrochemical | Aqueous/organic | Inert, well-defined | Not biodegradable; lacks bioactivity |

• Greener processing tips:

  • Use water-based coupling reagents (e.g., DMTMM) to avoid organic co-solvents when feasible.
  • Employ ethanol precipitation and dialysis rather than chlorinated solvent extraction.
  • Minimize energy input by allowing passive hydration instead of high-shear mixing.

Select the polymer that balances performance with end-of-life and sourcing considerations for your application.

Pharmaceutical Uses

For research use only. No therapeutic or clinical claims are made for this item. The following describes general excipient roles of sodium hyaluronate in literature and pharmacopeial contexts; this product’s compliance with any pharmacopeia is not specified.

• Excipient/formulation roles (literature):

  • Viscosity modifier and stabilizer in ophthalmic and topical formulations to adjust residence time and lubricity.
  • Matrix former for depot systems and hydrogels; can control release profiles when crosslinked or blended with other polymers.
  • Bioadhesive agent improving mucoadhesion in nasal, buccal, or dermal formulations.

• Compendial status (general):

  • Monographs for sodium hyaluronate exist in major pharmacopeias (e.g., USP–NF, Ph. Eur.) defining tests for identity, impurities, and molecular characteristics. This item’s pharmacopeial grade: Not specified; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Manufacturing considerations:

  • Quality attributes: molecular weight distribution, endotoxin and bioburden levels, residual proteins/nucleic acids, heavy metals, and residual solvents where applicable.
  • Sterility/asepsis: aqueous solutions are prone to microbial growth; use sterile processing and appropriate containers/closures.
  • Shear sensitivity: minimize excessive shear and heat to preserve molecular weight.

• Regulatory note:

  • When translating research to regulated applications, source material must be supported by appropriate documentation (CoA, TSE/BSE statements, residuals), which are not specified for this item.

Physical Properties

Note: Sodium hyaluronate is a polydisperse polymer; many conventional single-value properties (exact MW, MP/BP) are not defined and depend on chain length and hydration state.

• Item-specific physical data: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• General/literature properties (for context; not item specifications):

  • Form: typically an amorphous to fibrous solid or powder; highly hygroscopic; forms clear, viscoelastic solutions in water.
  • Solubility: readily soluble in water and physiological buffers; insoluble in most aprotic organic solvents. Solubility/viscosity strongly increases with molecular weight and concentration.
  • pKa (carboxyl): ~3–3.5 (literature) for the glucuronic acid residues; thus predominantly deprotonated at neutral pH.
  • Charge density: one carboxylate per disaccharide (literature), conferring polyelectrolyte behavior and counterion sensitivity.
  • Viscosity behavior: non-Newtonian, shear-thinning; intrinsic viscosity scales with molecular weight (Mark–Houwink-type relationship, literature).
  • Hydration/solvation: extensive hydrogen bonding; forms expanded coils in low ionic strength and contracts with added salts or multivalent cations.
  • Thermal transitions: no sharp melting/boiling; thermal degradation on heating (literature).

• Practical notes:

  • Hydrates slowly—allow time for full dissolution; gentle stirring to avoid entanglement clumps.
  • Ionic strength and pH modulate coil size, viscosity, and gelation tendencies.
  • Avoid strong acids/bases and oxidative conditions to minimize depolymerization.

For exact molecular weight distribution, endotoxin, bioburden, moisture, and ash content: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Quality and Grades

• Item-specific grade/purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Typical grading context for sodium hyaluronate (general, literature):

  • Research grade: intended for laboratory R&D; may specify approximate molecular weight range and polydispersity, but not necessarily endotoxin/bioburden controls.
  • Cell-culture or bioactive grade: often includes low endotoxin/bioburden specifications and may be sterile or sterile-filtered; supplied with microbial and endotoxin certificates.
  • Pharmacopeial/compendial grade (e.g., USP/EP): conforms to monograph tests for identification, purity, molecular weight characterization, and impurities; used as excipient. This item has no stated pharmacopeial status—do not assume compliance; verify on CoA.
  • Cosmetic grade: may emphasize microbiological quality and heavy metals limits relevant to topical formulations.

• Stabilizers/preservatives:

  • Solid sodium hyaluronate typically does not require stabilizers. Aqueous solutions may include preservatives (e.g., sodium azide, parabens) for non-biological uses; avoid preservatives for cell work. Presence/absence of stabilizer for this item: Not specified; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Analytical characterization (common for HA; general):

  • MW profiling: SEC-MALS or viscometry for molecular weight distribution.
  • Identity: FTIR (amide and carboxylate bands), NMR of hydrolysates, carbazole assay for uronic acids.
  • Purity: moisture, ash, protein, nucleic acids, and endotoxin/microbial counts where applicable.

Always consult this product’s CoA for definitive specifications and test methods.

Reaction and Applications

This product is for research use only. Sodium hyaluronate’s dense carboxylate functionality and saccharide backbone enable diverse aqueous-phase chemistries and materials applications (literature/general guidance).

• Materials and formulation uses:

  • Viscoelastic modifier in aqueous systems; shear-thinning behavior useful for rheology control and 3D bioprinting inks.
  • Hydrogel formation via chemical crosslinkers (e.g., divinyl sulfone, BDDE, carbodiimides with di-amines, genipin) or via supramolecular/ionic interactions.
  • Matrix/coat for cell adhesion modulation and pericellular mimicry; often blended with collagen, gelatin, or alginate.

• Conjugation/derivatization chemistries:

  • Carboxylate activation: EDC/NHS or DMTMM coupling to primary amines (forming amide-linked HA derivatives); tune pH and stoichiometry to minimize chain scission.
  • Hydrazide/oxime ligation: after mild oxidation of vicinal diols (periodate) to aldehydes, react with hydrazides or aminooxy groups; control oxidation to limit backbone damage.
  • Thiol chemistry: introduce thiols (e.g., via cystamine) enabling Michael addition to maleimides or thiol–ene photo-click.
  • Azide/alkyne “click”: install azide/alkyne handles for CuAAC or SPAAC bioconjugation.

• Processing tips:

  • Hydrate powder by sprinkling onto vortexing water to prevent clumps; allow several hours to fully dissolve; avoid high shear that can reduce molecular weight.
  • Maintain low oxygen/metal ion exposure if minimizing oxidative depolymerization is critical.
  • For sterilization, prefer 0.2 µm filtration over heat to avoid degradation.

• Analytical follow-up: SEC-MALS to monitor MW retention after reactions; NMR/FTIR to confirm functionalization.

Reaction Conditions

General literature guidance for common sodium hyaluronate chemistries (not item-specific; optimize per your system):

• EDC/NHS amide coupling to HA carboxylates:

  • Solvent: water or MES buffer (50–100 mM), pH 4.7–6.0 balances carboxyl activation and amine nucleophilicity.
  • Conditions: ambient temperature; reaction 1–12 h. Use molar excess of EDC/NHS relative to carboxyl groups; add amine slowly to viscous solutions. Quench with hydroxylamine if needed.
  • Notes: minimize pH >7 during activation to reduce O-acylisourea rearrangement and backbone hydrolysis.

• DMTMM-mediated coupling:

  • Solvent: neutral buffers (e.g., phosphate, pH 7–8) or water.
  • Advantages: less pH sensitivity; byproducts are water-soluble, simplifying purification.

• Periodate oxidation and hydrazone/oxime ligation:

  • Oxidation: NaIO4 (0.5–10 mM) in water, 0–25°C, minutes to hours in the dark; quench with ethylene glycol.
  • Ligation: hydrazide/aminooxy partners in acetate buffer (pH 4.5–6.5); optional aniline catalysis.

• Thiolation and Michael addition:

  • Thiolation: react HA with cystamine via EDC/NHS; reduce disulfides to generate free thiols (DTT/TCEP).
  • Crosslinking: thiol–maleimide at pH 6.5–7.2 or thiol–ene (photoinitiated) under UV/visible light.

• Hydrogel crosslinking (examples):

  • Divinyl sulfone (DVS): alkaline conditions (pH 11–12) yield fast crosslinking; control to avoid brittleness.
  • BDDE: mildly basic aqueous media; reaction hours at room temperature.

• Purification:

  • Dialysis (MWCO chosen per MW), ethanol/acetone precipitation, and SEC desalting. Monitor MW retention by SEC-MALS.

Expected yields are formulation-dependent; report degree of substitution rather than mass yield for comparability.

Safety and Handling

• Regulatory/SDS note: Hazard classification and pictograms are not provided in the Product Data. Always consult the product’s SDS for authoritative safety information.

• Item-specific hazard fields:

  • Signal Word: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
  • H-Statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
  • GHS Classification: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
  • Pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.

• General handling guidance (literature/practice for sodium hyaluronate powders):

  • PPE: lab coat, gloves, safety glasses. Avoid creating dust; use local exhaust when weighing.
  • Inhalation/ingestion: Treat as a nuisance dust; avoid inhalation and ingestion. If inhaled, move to fresh air; if in eyes, rinse with water for several minutes. Seek medical advice if irritation persists.
  • Skin contact: Wash with soap and water. Low sensitization potential is typical, but individuals may vary.
  • Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers, strong acids/bases can degrade the polymer. Avoid elevated temperatures that promote depolymerization.
  • Microbial control: Aqueous solutions support microbial growth. Prepare with sterile technique where required; consider 0.2 µm filtration or addition of appropriate biocide for non-biological applications.
  • Peroxide formation: Not applicable; polymeric saccharide does not form peroxides.

• Spill/waste:

  • For solids: gently sweep/HEPA vacuum to prevent dust. For gels/solutions: wipe/collect with absorbent and dispose as nonhazardous organic waste per local regulations.

• Fire: Combustible organic solid; use water spray, CO2, or foam. Decomposition may produce carbon oxides.

Solvent Selection

Sodium hyaluronate is a hydrophilic polyelectrolyte best handled in aqueous media.

• Polarity and miscibility (general, literature):

  • Primary solvent: water (ultrapure, DI, sterile) and physiological buffers (e.g., PBS, HEPES). Miscible at typical lab concentrations.
  • Organic solvents: insoluble in most water-miscible organics (MeOH, EtOH, acetone) and aprotic solvents (DMF, DMSO) in the sodium form; these may precipitate HA from aqueous solutions.
  • Ionic strength effects: added salts compress the electric double layer, reducing coil size and lowering solution viscosity; multivalent cations can cause aggregation/precipitation.

• Practical selection guidance:

  • For high-viscosity stock solutions, use sterile water or buffer at pH 6.5–7.4; gentle stirring and time are critical for full dissolution.
  • For coupling chemistry to carboxylates (e.g., EDC/NHS), mildly acidic buffers (MES, pH ~4.7–6) are preferred to balance carboxyl activation and amine reactivity (literature guidance).
  • For thiolation or maleimide coupling post-derivatization, neutral buffers (PBS/HEPES) with controlled ionic strength are suitable.
  • To recover or purify HA, ethanol or acetone precipitation from water is commonly used (literature); avoid prolonged exposure that may dehydrate or collapse the polymer.

• Comparison snapshot (general):

  • Water/buffer: best solvation, bio-compatibility, adjustable pH/ionic strength.
  • DMSO/DMF: not solvents for native sodium hyaluronate but may be used when HA is converted to tetrabutylammonium salt or after derivatization (advanced workflows).

Storage and Reconstitution

• Item-specific storage and shipping (from Product Data):

  • Storage Conditions: Room temperature, Cool.
  • Shipped In: Normal.

• Additional practical guidance (general, literature; not item-specific specifications):

  • Solid/powder storage: keep tightly closed in a clean, dry container. Protect from moisture and excessive heat. For long-term preservation of molecular weight, cool, dry storage is preferred.
  • Aqueous solutions: prepare with sterile water or buffer. Store refrigerated (2–8°C) to limit microbial growth and depolymerization; for extended storage, aliquot and freeze at −20°C to −80°C if freeze–thaw stability is acceptable for your application. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles.
  • Microbial control: use aseptic technique; consider 0.2 µm filtration. Preservatives (e.g., 0.02% sodium azide) may be added for non-biological uses; do not use preservatives for live cell work.
  • Reconstitution tips: sprinkle powder slowly onto vortexing or gently stirred solvent to avoid clumping. Allow sufficient time (hours) for full hydration; do not apply high shear or high temperature, which may reduce molecular weight.
  • Compatibility: avoid strong oxidizers, extremes of pH, and multivalent cations that can precipitate or crosslink the polymer.

• Specifications such as moisture content, endotoxin level, molecular weight distribution, and sterility: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Structure and Identity

Sodium hyaluronate (hyaluronan, sodium salt) is a linear, polyanionic glycosaminoglycan composed of repeating disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine linked via β(1→3) and β(1→4) glycosidic bonds.

• Item-specific IDs (from Product Data):

  • CAS: 9067-32-7
  • CID: 23663392
  • InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • SMILES: Not applicable to polydisperse polymers; no single canonical SMILES (literature note).

• Structural features (general, literature):

  • Backbone: repeating [-4)β-D-GlcA-(1→3)-β-D-GlcNAc-(1-]n.
  • Ionic character: carboxylate groups (as sodium salts) on glucuronic acid provide strong polyanionic behavior at neutral pH.
  • Stereochemistry: defined D-sugar stereocenters; no branching; no sulfation (unlike chondroitin sulfate or heparin).
  • 2D description in words: alternating pyranose rings of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid, connected by alternating β-1,3 and β-1,4 linkages; each GlcA bears a carboxylate (–COO− Na+), each GlcNAc bears an acetamide (–NHCOCH3).

• Composition (general):

  • Empirical formula varies with chain length; a representative disaccharide unit is C14H21NO11Na (literature representation), but the polymer has variable molecular weight (polydisperse). Molecular formula and molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Formulation/grade specifics: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Synthetic Utility

Sodium hyaluronate is a versatile scaffold for bioconjugation and materials synthesis due to its repeating carboxylates, hydroxyls, and acetamide functionalities.

• Functional group handles (literature):

  • Carboxylates (GlcA): amenable to EDC/NHS or DMTMM-mediated amide formation with primary amines, enabling attachment of dyes, peptides, and crosslinkers.
  • Vicinal diols (pyranose ring): mild periodate oxidation to dialdehydes, followed by hydrazone/oxime ligation; control oxidation to avoid over-cleavage.
  • Hydroxyls: can be etherified/esterified under suitable conditions (often after conversion to tetrabutylammonium salt for organic media solubility).
  • Secondary amide (GlcNAc): generally inert; serves as a spectroscopic handle rather than a primary conjugation site.

• Polymer-chemistry strategies:

  • Crosslinking: with di-amines (via carbodiimide), DVS, BDDE, or thiol–ene approaches after thiolation to form hydrogels.
  • Click chemistry: install azide/alkyne moieties for CuAAC/SPAAC; allows orthogonal, aqueous conjugations.
  • Graft copolymerization: radical grafting from/to HA after suitable initiation; produce amphiphilic or stimuli-responsive derivatives.

• Retrosynthetic value:

  • HA serves as a high-MW, water-soluble carrier to improve solubility and targeting of small molecules and biomacromolecules via multivalent display.

• Practical considerations:

  • Aqueous compatibility allows entirely water-based synthesis, reducing VOCs.
  • Control degree of substitution to preserve rheology and bio-interactions; verify by NMR, elemental analysis, and colorimetric assays (TNBS for amines post-grafting).

Target Specificity

Not applicable. This product is a polysaccharide polymer, not an antibody, enzyme, or small-molecule inhibitor with a defined biological target. For receptor interactions (e.g., CD44 binding), see Biological Roles for general literature context.

Domande frequenti

What is the purity of this product?

This product is supplied at ≥99.8% purity (chemical assay). Lot-specific values are stated on the Certificate of Analysis.

How should this product be stored?

Store in a cool place.

How is this product shipped?

This product ships under standard ambient conditions. No temperature-controlled packaging is required.

What are the CAS number, molecular formula and molecular weight?

The CAS Number is 9067-32-7.

What documentation is provided?

Available product documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (COA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and specification sheets, is shown in the product document area. Document availability and access follow the current site policy.