2-Methoxyethyl ether - ≥99.0%(GC) , CAS No.111-96-6

CAS: 111-96-6 Cat. No.: M104413 Formula: C₆H₁₄O₃ Molecular Weight: 134.17 Beilstein Registry Number: 1736101 EC Number: 203-924-4

GRADE & PURITY ≥99%(GC)

Synonyms

bis(2methoxyethyl)ether | Bis(2-methoxyethyl)ether | 2,2'-oxybis(1-methoxyethane) | 2-methyoxyethyl ether | Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether stabilized with 100ppm BHT | NSC 59726 | Di(2-Methoxyethyl) ether | Diethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether(Diglyme) | Di

Storage

Room temperature,Argon charged

Shipped In

Normal

Overview

Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme), a hydrophilic ether, is an electron-donor solvent.

Specifications

Synonyms

bis(2methoxyethyl)ether | Bis(2-methoxyethyl)ether | 2,2'-oxybis(1-methoxyethane) | 2-methyoxyethyl ether | Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether stabilized with 100ppm BHT | NSC 59726 | Di(2-Methoxyethyl) ether | Diethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether(Diglyme) | Di

Specifications & Purity

≥99.0%(GC)

Storage

Room temperature,Argon charged

Shipped In

Normal

Purity

≥99%(GC)

Names and Identifiers

Pubchem Sid

504751606

Pubchem Sid Url

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/504751606

Canonical Smiles

COCCOCCOC

IUPAC Name

1-methoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane

InChIKey

SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

INCHI

1S/C6H14O3/c1-7-3-5-9-6-4-8-2/h3-6H2,1-2H3

Isomeric SMILES

COCCOCCOC

WGK Germany

1

RTECS

KN3339000

UN Number

3271

Packing Group

III

Molecular Weight

134.17

Beilstein

1736101

Reaxy-Rn

1736101

Reaxys-RN_link_address

https://www.reaxys.com/reaxys/secured/hopinto.do?context=S&query=IDE.XRN=1736101&ln=

Taxonomic Classification

Taxonomy Tree

• Kingdom Organic compounds
  • Superclass Organic oxygen compounds
    • Class Organooxygen compounds
      • Subclass Ethers

• Kingdom: Organic compounds
• Superclass: Organic oxygen compounds
• Class: Organooxygen compounds
• Subclass: Ethers
• Intermediate Tree Nodes: Not available
• Direct Parent: Dialkyl ethers
• Alternative Parents: Hydrocarbon derivatives
• Molecular Framework: Aliphatic acyclic compounds
• Substituents: Dialkyl ether - Hydrocarbon derivative - Aliphatic acyclic compound
• Description: This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dialkyl ethers. These are organic compounds containing the dialkyl ether functional group, with the formula ROR', where R and R' are alkyl groups.
• External Descriptors: polyether

Data sources

1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.

DOI: 10.1186/s13321-016-0174-y

Chemical and Physical Properties

• Solubility: Miscible with water and hydrocarbons.
• Sensitivity: Moisture & Air sensitive
• Refractive Index: 1.4097
• Flash Point(°C): 50℃
• Boil Point(°C): 162°C
• Melt Point(°C): -68°C
• Molecular Weight: 134.170 g/mol
• XLogP3: -0.400
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
• Rotatable Bond Count: 6
• Exact Mass: 134.094 Da
• Monoisotopic Mass: 134.094 Da
• Topological Polar Surface Area: 27.700 Ų
• Heavy Atom Count: 9
• Formal Charge: 0
• Complexity: 41.600
• Isotope Atom Count: 0
• Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
• Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
• Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
• Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
• The total count of all stereochemical bonds: 0
• Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

Application Protocols

No antibody/assay protocols apply to this small-molecule solvent. For synthetic or electrochemical applications, see Reaction Conditions and Synthetic Utility sections for general procedural guidance. Always adapt solvent handling (drying, degassing, peroxide testing) to your specific method and consult primary literature.

Biological Roles

This product is a synthetic glycol ether solvent without intrinsic biological function.

• General context (literature)

  • Not a metabolite or signaling molecule; lacks defined roles in cellular pathways.
  • Glycol ethers can undergo oxidative metabolism (e.g., O-dealkylation) in vivo, but diglyme is primarily of toxicological interest rather than biological utility.

• Laboratory interface with biology

  • Occasionally used to solubilize polar organic intermediates in the preparation of biochemical reagents or polymers; however, its water miscibility and donor strength, not biological activity, motivate selection.

• Caution

  • Given reproductive toxicity concerns attributed to certain glycol ethers, minimize exposure in biological laboratories and avoid use in vivo. For research use only (per Product Data).

Buffer Applications

Not typically applicable. As an organic ether solvent, diglyme is not used to prepare aqueous pH buffers or biological buffer systems. For biochemical work requiring polar aprotic media, consider mixed-solvent systems and consult solvent compatibility with your target biomolecules.

Green Alternatives

Greenness considerations must balance performance (donor strength, bp) with safety and environmental impact.

• Issues with diglyme (literature)

  • Ether peroxide former; periodic testing required.
  • Glycol ether toxicological concerns, including reproductive toxicity classifications in several jurisdictions.
  • Petroleum-derived; moderate biodegradability.

• Potential alternatives and trade-offs

  | Solvent | Pros | Cons | | --- | --- | --- | | 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) | Bio-based, lower peroxide tendency than many ethers, good for organometallics | Lower dielectric constant; less effective salt solubilization; bp 80 °C limits high-T work | | Cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) | Wider liquid range, good stability, hydrophobic, lower peroxide tendency | Poor water miscibility; weaker cation coordination | | Propylene carbonate | High bp (242 °C), non-ether, non-peroxide former, strong polarity | Poor compatibility with strong bases/nucleophiles; viscosity; sometimes reactive | | Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) | Low toxicity profile, green synthesis routes | Lower donor strength; limited solubility for salts; low bp (90 °C) |

• Practical guidance

  • For salt-heavy or strongly cation-activated processes, the donor strength of glymes is hard to replace; consider monoglyme or crown ethers in greener solvents.
  • For general-purpose ether needs, 2-MeTHF/CPME may substitute if high donor number is not essential.

Pharmaceutical Uses

• Formulation/manufacturing context (general)

  • Diglyme has been explored as a processing solvent due to its coordinating ability and high boiling point; however, glycol ethers can raise significant toxicological concerns, and diglyme is generally disfavored in pharmaceutical manufacture compared with established pharmacopeial solvents.

• Regulatory note

  • No pharmacopeial monograph is typically assigned to diglyme; it is not among the commonly recommended ICH residual solvent classes for routine use. When used in route scouting, robust purge studies and analytical controls are essential.

• Practical guidance

  • Prefer alternative solvents with well-characterized safety profiles (e.g., ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, 2-MeTHF) when feasible.

• No therapeutic or clinical claims are made. For research use only (per Product Data).

Physical Properties

Note: Values below are literature/general references for diglyme (CAS 111-96-6). They are not item-specific specifications.

• Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Purity/Grade: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Boiling point: ~162–163 °C at 1 atm (literature)
• Melting point: ~−64 °C (literature)
• Density: ~0.942–0.946 g/mL at 20–25 °C (literature)
• Refractive index: n20/D ~1.401–1.403 (literature)
• Viscosity: ~1.7–2.0 mPa·s at 25 °C (literature)
• Vapor pressure: ~0.3–0.5 mmHg at 25 °C (literature)
• Solubility: Miscible with water and common organic solvents (ethers, alcohols, aromatics) (literature)
• Dielectric constant: ~7.2 at 25 °C (literature)
• Hansen parameters (approx., literature): δD ~15.5, δP ~6.1, δH ~8.4 MPa1/2
• LogP (estimated): −0.1 to −0.3 (literature/estimates)
• UV cut-off: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
• Peroxide formation: Ether-type peroxide former on air/oxygen exposure (literature caution).

Always verify critical parameters for your application using the product’s CoA/SDS.

Quality & Grades

• Item-specific grade/purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Typical grades available for glycol ethers (general guidance)

  • Anhydrous/“sure-seal” grades: Minimizes water for moisture-sensitive reactions (e.g., organometallics). Often supplied under inert gas; aligns with this item’s Argon-charged storage.
  • HPLC/UV-Vis grades: Controlled UV absorbance and low nonvolatile residue for chromatographic or spectroscopic applications.
  • ACS/AR grades: Meet general analytical specifications for impurities.

• Stabilizers/inhibitors

  • Some ethers may be treated with peroxide inhibitors. For diglyme, inhibitor presence is product-specific. If critical, confirm by CoA; otherwise, assume periodic peroxide testing is necessary.

• Water and trace metals

  • Water content, peroxides, and metal limits are application-critical but are Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet for actual values and recommended test methods (e.g., Karl Fischer for water, iodometric for peroxides, ICP for metals).

• Practical note

  • If using for organometallic chemistry, confirm dryness (e.g., molecular sieves, distillation under inert atmosphere) and verify peroxide level before use.

Reaction & Applications

• Coordination-driven rate enhancement

  • Diglyme chelates alkali and alkaline-earth cations, often increasing nucleophile reactivity in SN2 substitutions, Williamson ether synthesis, and displacement reactions on activated substrates.

• Organometallic chemistry

  • Frequently used with sodium/potassium dispersions, sodium naphthalenide, and organolithium chemistry where stronger cation solvation is desired compared to THF or diethyl ether.
  • Facilitates formation and stabilization of Grignard reagents and complex hydrides (e.g., NaBH4 modifications), though THF/Et2O remain common defaults.

• Reductive and coupling processes

  • Employed in dissolving-metal reductions (e.g., in the presence of alkali metals) and in Wurtz-type couplings due to enhanced metal–substrate contact.
  • Serves as solvent for phase-transfer-like behavior without added crown ethers; sometimes used alongside catalytic 18-crown-6 for further activation.

• Polymerization and electrochemistry

  • Solvent for anionic polymerizations and battery/electrolyte studies where high donor number and moderate dielectric constant support ion transport.

• Practical tips

  • Drying: Distill from sodium/benzophenone or treat over 3 Å molecular sieves; verify KF water content prior to sensitive reactions.
  • Degassing: Freeze–pump–thaw or sparge with argon. Product is supplied argon charged; still degas for air-sensitive catalysis.
  • Peroxides: Test and remove (e.g., alumina/peroxide scavengers) before concentration or distillation; never distill to dryness.

Reaction Conditions

General literature guidance for diglyme as solvent; adapt to your substrate/catalyst system.

• Typical operating ranges

  • Temperature: −20 °C (for sensitive anionic chemistry) up to ~150 °C (reflux ~162–163 °C). Use appropriate pressure equipment above ambient bp.
  • Concentration: 0.1–2 M for many substitutions/couplings; higher concentrations possible due to good solvation.

• Drying/degassing

  • Dry over 3 Å molecular sieves or distill from sodium/benzophenone under argon. Degas by freeze–pump–thaw or argon sparge.

• Common pairings

  • Bases: NaH, KH, t-BuOK; N-heterocyclic bases where cation solvation is beneficial.
  • Nucleophiles: Alkoxides, thiolates, cyanide, malonates, and enolates.
  • Metals/reductants: Li, Na/K alloy, sodium naphthalenide; Grignard and organolithium reagents (verify stability of substrate).

• Time/yield expectations (literature, indicative)

  • SN2 displacements on activated halides/tosylates: 1–12 h at 25–100 °C; often improved rates vs less coordinating ethers.
  • Metal-mediated couplings: 2–24 h depending on substrate/equivalents; careful quench and peroxide testing required before workup.

• Workup tips

  • Quench reactive metals at 0–10 °C with protic quench (iPrOH/H2O) under stirring.
  • Remove solvent under reduced pressure below 60–70 °C when possible; pass through peroxide scavenger if any concentration/distillation is needed.

Safety & Handling

Item-specific hazard fields are not provided in the Product Data. The following are general, literature-based cautions for diglyme; consult the product SDS for authoritative classification.

• General GHS considerations (literature)

  • May be harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or in contact with skin.
  • Suspected/known reproductive toxicity for some glycol ethers; diglyme is commonly classified as Repr. 1B in many jurisdictions. Check SDS and local regulations.
  • Combustible liquid; flash point typically ~85 °C (closed cup). Not highly volatile but can form flammable vapors at elevated temperature.
  • Peroxide former: Periodically test for peroxides and never distill to dryness.

• PPE and handling

  • Use in a fume hood. Wear lab coat, safety glasses, and appropriate chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile). Avoid breathing vapors/aerosols and skin contact.
  • Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flames. Ground/bond containers when transferring large volumes.

• Storage incompatibilities and precautions

  • Store tightly closed under inert gas (Product Data: Argon charged) at room temperature, away from light and air to limit peroxide formation.
  • Incompatible with strong oxidizers, strong acids, strong bases, and alkali metals unless rigorously anhydrous/controlled.

• First aid (overview; see SDS)

  • Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
  • Skin/eye contact: Rinse with water for at least 15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical attention as needed.
  • Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do NOT induce vomiting; seek medical attention promptly.

Solvent Selection

• Solvent class and polarity

  • Diglyme is a polar, aprotic ether with moderate dielectric constant (~7.2), miscible with water and most organics.
  • Strong cation-solvating ability via multiple ether oxygens; enhances solubility of salts and organoalkali reagents.

• When to choose diglyme

  • Favorable for reactions requiring tight cation coordination (e.g., reactions of alkali metals, Na/K-mediated couplings, Wurtz-type, Birch-type with donors) and for high-boiling polar ether media (bp ~162–163 °C).
  • Useful for electrochemistry and as a high-permittivity medium for polyanion/cation conduction.

• Alternatives and comparisons

  • THF (bp 66 °C): Lower bp, more volatile; excellent general ether, but less salt-solubilizing.
  • DME/monoglyme (bp ~85 °C): More volatile; good for low-temperature organometallic work.
  • Dioxane (bp 101 °C): Less coordinating; miscible with water but with different hazard profile.
  • 2-MeTHF/CPME: Greener ethers with reduced peroxide tendency; lower water miscibility and different coordination behavior.

• Practical selection tips

  • Choose diglyme when higher temperature and stronger cation coordination are advantageous (e.g., driving sluggish SN2 or anionic polymerizations).
  • For air-/moisture-sensitive work, ensure solvent is dry and oxygen-free; the product’s inert-argon packing is beneficial, but verify before critical use.

Storage & Reconstitution

• Storage (from Product Data)

  • Store at room temperature under inert gas: Argon charged.
  • Shipped in: Normal conditions.

• General storage guidance (literature)

  • Keep container tightly closed, under argon or nitrogen, in a cool, well-ventilated area away from light and ignition sources.
  • Minimize air/oxygen exposure to reduce peroxide formation. Label with date opened and test for peroxides periodically.

• Reconstitution

  • Not applicable; supplied as a liquid solvent. If drying is required, treat with 3 Å molecular sieves (activated) or distill under inert atmosphere.

• Freeze–thaw

  • Not applicable. Avoid freezing moisture-laden samples; water uptake can occur due to water miscibility.

• Compatibility note

  • Use only dry, oxygen-free techniques for air-/moisture-sensitive chemistry. Verify water content and peroxide level prior to critical applications.

Structure & Identity

Brief overview: This product is the glycol ether commonly known as diglyme (bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether), a polar, coordinating, aprotic solvent favored for organometallic and high-ionic-strength chemistry.

• Item-specific (from Product Data)

  • SKU: M104413
  • Product Name: 2-Methoxyethyl ether
  • CAS: 111-96-6
  • Storage Conditions: Room temperature, Argon charged
  • Shipped In: Normal

• Literature identity (general reference; not item-specific specs)

  • Synonyms: Diglyme; Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether; Bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether
  • Molecular formula: C6H14O3 (literature)
  • Molecular weight: ~134.17 g/mol (literature)
  • SMILES: COCCOCCOC (literature)
  • InChIKey: Usually reported as ZAFNJMIOTHYJRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N for diglyme (literature)

• Structural features (description)

  • Linear ether containing three ether oxygens in the sequence CH3–O–CH2–CH2–O–CH2–CH2–O–CH3.
  • Functions as a bidentate/tridentate donor toward hard cations (e.g., Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+) via its multiple ether oxygens.
  • No stereocenters; flexible chain enabling chelation-like coordination.

• 2D structure in words

  • Two terminal methoxy groups connected by an ethylene–oxy–ethylene spacer: Me–O–CH2–CH2–O–CH2–CH2–O–Me.

Synthetic Utility

• Functional group interactions

  • Multiple ether oxygens provide strong solvation of cationic species, effectively increasing nucleophilicity of anions and enabling challenging displacements and condensations.

• Named/representative uses (literature)

  • Williamson ether syntheses under phase-transfer or glyme-coordinated conditions.
  • Wurtz-type and other alkali metal mediated couplings where solvation of M+ enhances electron transfer and promotes radical/anionic pathways.
  • Reductive conditions with sodium naphthalenide or lithium metal where glyme stabilizes solvated electrons and radical anions.
  • Support medium for hydride reagents or complex borohydrides/aluminates where enhanced solubility improves kinetics.

• Retrosynthetic value

  • As a solvent/ligand rather than a reagent, diglyme expands the workable space for polar, high-temperature, or salt-rich transformations without introducing protic reactivity.

• Practical considerations

  • Its high bp allows reactions above 100 °C without pressure equipment.
  • Ensure dryness (molecular sieves, distillation) and oxygen exclusion; verify peroxide levels before scale-up.

Target Specificity

Not applicable. This product is a small-molecule solvent and does not possess biological target specificity (no antigen/epitope, isotype, or species reactivity).