Cyanuric acid functionalized silver nanoparticles - 40 nm diameter,Cyanuric acid functionalized,＞0.75 A520 Units/ml in citrate buffer

Cat. No.: S120445

GRADE & PURITY 40 nm diameter,Cyanuric acid functionalized,＞0.75 A520 Units/ml in citrate buffer

Storage

Store at 2-8°C

Shipped In

Wet ice

Overview

Silver nanoparticles with uniform particle size distribution in aqueous solution and stable performance. Silver nanoparticles with surface modification can be obtained by carrying amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino functional groups of different nanoparticle aggregation effect for the particles based on the high sensitivity detection. For the current needs of melamine in dairy products, introduced through a special chemical modification techniques coupled cyanuric acid molecule (MTT) of silver nanoparticles new products. The nanoparticles can sample trace melamine combined, resulting in color of the solution changes from yellow to black, dairy or feed for the rapid detection of melamine.

Specifications

Specifications & Purity

40 nm diameter,Cyanuric acid functionalized,＞0.75 A520 Units/ml in citrate buffer

Storage

Store at 2-8°C

Shipped In

Wet ice

This product requires cold chain shipping. Ground and other economy services are not available.

Application Protocols

The following protocols are general literature-based examples to help plan experiments. They are not validated for this specific item; adjust to your batch and CoA.

• Quick stability check (UV–Vis)

  1. Allow vial to warm to room temperature; gently invert to homogenize. 2) Dilute an aliquot in DI water to ODmax ~0.5–1.0. 3) Scan 300–800 nm. A single, narrow LSPR peak indicates good dispersion; red-shift/broadening suggests aggregation.

• SERS analyte detection (melamine example, literature)

  1. Prepare AgNPs in 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.4 (low salt). 2) Add melamine to 10–100 µM. 3) Incubate 10–20 min to allow CA–melamine H-bonding at the surface. 4) Optionally add 1–5 mM MgSO4 to induce mild aggregation (monitor LSPR). 5) Acquire Raman spectra at 633 or 785 nm using low power to avoid heating.

• Catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (literature)

  1. In a cuvette, mix 0.1 mM 4-NP with excess NaBH4 (≥5 mM) in water; observe 400 nm band. 2) Add AgNPs to give a faint yellow tint (ppm Ag level). 3) Record absorbance at 400 nm vs time; fit to pseudo-first-order kinetics to extract kobs and compare batches.

• Film/coating assembly via CA–melamine network (literature)

  1. Clean substrate (glass/ITO). 2) Dip sequentially in AgNP–CA dispersion and 0.1–1 mM melamine solution, rinsing gently between steps. 3) Repeat cycles to build thickness; dry under N2.

Note: Avoid chloride-rich buffers and thiols during these protocols. Always confirm nanoparticle concentration from the CoA to standardize dosing.

Biological Roles

This product is a materials-science nanocolloid rather than a biomolecule. It does not have an inherent biological role; however, literature provides context relevant to research use:

• Silver nanoparticles (general, literature)

  • Interact with biomacromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids) via surface adsorption; corona formation can modulate dispersion and uptake in biological media. Release of Ag+ under certain conditions contributes to bioactivity; this is system- and medium-dependent.
  • Exhibit strong plasmonic scattering useful for label-free imaging and SERS of biomolecular species. Applications in biosensing leverage refractive index sensitivity of the LSPR.

• Cyanuric acid ligand (literature)

  • Cyanuric acid is a triazine-2,4,6-triol commonly encountered as a stabilizer in pool chemistry; in biochemical contexts it is largely inert, with multiple hydrogen-bond acceptor/donor sites enabling recognition motifs (e.g., complementary to melamine in host–guest assemblies).
  • Ionization state (pKa1 ~6.9) can alter surface charge near physiological pH, affecting interactions with proteins and cell membranes in in vitro studies.

• Practical notes for bio-oriented assays

  • Validate colloidal stability in the exact biological buffer/serum composition; chloride and thiols in media can transform silver surfaces.
  • If using in biosensing, block nonspecific sites (e.g., with BSA or small thiols) to control the protein corona and background SERS signals.

No medical/clinical use is intended or implied for this product; it is provided strictly for research use only.

Buffer Applications

While not a classical buffering reagent, buffer choice critically impacts the stability and performance of cyanuric acid functionalized silver nanoparticles.

• Compatible systems (general guidance)

  • Low-ionic-strength, halide-lean buffers such as HEPES, MES, or acetate at 1–10 mM are commonly used for AgNP handling (literature). Maintain pH near 7–8 to keep cyanuric acid partially deprotonated for electrostatic stabilization.

• Caution with specific components

  • Chloride-containing buffers (e.g., PBS) can induce AgCl formation if free Ag+ is present and can also promote aggregation at higher ionic strengths; if PBS is necessary, reduce concentration (e.g., 0.1×) and monitor LSPR.
  • Thiols (e.g., cysteine, DTT, glutathione) and sulfides strongly bind Ag surfaces, often displacing ligands and altering optical properties.
  • Phosphate may adsorb on Ag surfaces and influence surface charge; test compatibility empirically.

• Practical workflow

  • Dialysis or centrifugal desalting into the target buffer minimizes shock to the colloid. Transition gradually (stepwise exchange) to the final ionic strength.
  • Track stability by UV–Vis: an LSPR red-shift and peak broadening indicate growing aggregates; precipitation indicates failure. DLS can corroborate hydrodynamic size changes.

• Recipes (illustrative, not product-specific)

  • Prepare 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, with ≤1 mM NaCl when possible. Filter (0.22 µm) before use. Mix gently with the nanoparticle dispersion and incubate 10–30 min before measurements.

Item-specific buffer tolerance is not specified for this item; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet.

Green Alternatives

Consider environmental, health, and safety aspects in nanoparticle selection and use.

• Material comparisons (literature/general)

  • Silver vs gold nanoparticles
    • Pros (Ag): Higher SERS enhancement factors; lower cost.
    • Cons (Ag): Less chemically inert; sensitive to halides/sulfides; potential for ion release (Ag+), influencing ecotoxicity.
  • Cyanuric acid capping vs citrate/amine/thiol
    • Pros: Metal-free, simple ligand offering hydrogen-bonding for supramolecular assembly; can be prepared in water.
    • Cons: Electrostatic stabilization may be more salt- and pH-sensitive than sterically stabilized PEG-thiols.

• Greener processing tips (general)

  • Use water as the continuous phase; avoid unnecessary organic cosolvents.
  • Minimize nanoparticle waste and capture rinses for appropriate disposal per local regulations; avoid drain disposal.
  • Favor room-temperature synthesis/processing when feasible and avoid strong reducing agents if performance allows.

• Comparison snapshot (general)

  • Parameter | Cyanuric acid–AgNPs | PEG–AgNPs
    • Medium | Aqueous (literature) | Aqueous/biological (literature)
    • Salt tolerance | Moderate | Higher
    • Functional handles | H-bonding triazine | Terminal functional PEG (e.g., –NH2, –COOH)
    • SERS activity | High (Ag core) | High (Ag core), often reduced nonspecific adsorption

Select the nanoparticle system that minimizes hazard while meeting technical needs; document solvent and energy savings where possible for greener metrics.

Pharmaceutical Uses

This product is supplied for research use only and is not intended for human or veterinary use, clinical diagnostics, or as an active pharmaceutical ingredient.

• Formulation/excipient context (general, literature)

  • Silver nanoparticles have been explored in research formulations as antimicrobial coatings and as imaging/sensing agents; however, such uses are investigational and outside the scope of this product listing.
  • Cyanuric acid functionality provides hydrogen-bonding motifs for supramolecular assembly, which can be leveraged in research on smart materials and responsive coatings rather than as pharmacopeial excipients.

• Regulatory status

  • No pharmacopeial monograph or compliance claims are provided for this item. Any cGMP applicability, sterility, pyrogen, or bioburden specifications: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet if available for select attributes.

• Practical guidance for pre-formulation research

  • If evaluating in prototype coatings or devices, thoroughly characterize particle size, zeta potential, residual ions, and leachables in the intended medium.
  • Assess stability under sterilization methods (filtration vs gamma/EtO). Note that 0.22 µm filtration removes aggregates but not well-dispersed nanoparticles and may interact with hydrophobic membranes; PVDF or PES filters are often preferred.

No therapeutic claims are made or implied. All work should be confined to laboratory research settings and follow institutional review and safety protocols.

Physical Properties

Item-specific physical specifications (size, concentration, solvent composition, etc.) are not provided in the product data.

• Item-specific values

  • Particle size (core and hydrodynamic): Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Mass concentration / optical density: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Dispersant/vehicle: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • pH and ionic strength: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• General/literature characteristics of cyanuric acid–Ag nanoparticles (guidance only)

  • Appearance: Typically yellow to brown aqueous colloid as size increases; color depends on plasmon resonance (literature).
  • UV–Vis: Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) commonly ~390–430 nm for ~5–40 nm Ag spheres; red-shifts with increasing size/aggregation (literature).
  • Zeta potential: Often negative in neutral water due to deprotonated cyanuric acid; magnitude depends on coverage and pH (literature).
  • Solubility/dispersion: Dispersible as a colloid in water; high ionic strength and halides may reduce stability by screening or AgX formation (literature).
  • Density: Effective dispersion density approximates water; silver core density 10.49 g/cm³ (bulk silver, literature).
  • pKa (ligand, cyanuric acid): stepwise acidity with pKa1 ~6.9 and pKa2 ~10.4 (literature), affecting surface charge with pH.

Note: Do not construe the above as product specifications; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for batch-specific physical data.

Quality & Grades

• Item-specific grade/purity and appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Interpreting typical nanoparticle quality attributes (general guidance)

  • Particle size and distribution: Reported as core diameter (TEM) and hydrodynamic diameter (DLS). Low polydispersity (PDI < ~0.2, literature) facilitates reproducible optical/catalytic behavior.
  • Concentration and optical density: Often provided as mg/mL or as an OD at LSPR maximum; allows reproducible dosing by volume.
  • Surface chemistry: Cyanuric acid coverage and free-ligand content influence stability and downstream functionalization; CoA may include ligand-to-Ag ratios or IR signatures.
  • Residual ions/reagents: Na+, citrate, nitrate, or reducing agents can affect applications; trace levels may be listed in CoA.
  • Endotoxin/bioburden: Only relevant for biological assays; if applicable, values would appear on the CoA (not specified here).

• What the grade implies (general)

  • Materials science/research grade: Typically optimized for reproducibility and low aggregate content rather than biocompatibility. Low UV background and narrow LSPR improve sensing/SERS work.

• Practical notes

  • Request batch-specific CoA for: size (TEM), PDI (DLS), zeta potential, LSPR peak position, concentration, dispersant composition, and stability testing results.
  • If appearance deviates from expected (e.g., significant color shift, visible precipitate), gently redisperse and compare UV–Vis to acceptance criteria on the CoA.

Reaction & Applications

This material is primarily used as a functional nanomaterial rather than a molecular reagent. Typical research applications include:

• Plasmonics and sensing (literature/general)

  • Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing: Monitor peak shifts upon analyte-induced aggregation or refractive index changes.
  • Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS): Silver provides high EM enhancement; cyanuric acid surface can template H-bonded capture of complementary donors (e.g., melamine), enabling selective detection in complex matrices.

• Catalysis (literature/general)

  • Model reaction: 4-nitrophenol reduction by NaBH4 to 4-aminophenol catalyzed by AgNPs at room temperature; reaction rate scales with accessible surface area. Cyanuric acid capping balances stability with surface accessibility.
  • Other reported transformations: Dye reductions, aerobic oxidative couplings, and plasmon-assisted photocatalysis under visible light, depending on conditions and co-catalysts.

• Supramolecular assembly and coatings

  • Cyanuric acid forms robust hydrogen-bonded networks, particularly with melamine; this can drive layer-by-layer assembly, film formation, or patterned deposition of AgNPs.
  • Integration into polymer matrices or papers yields SERS-active substrates or conductive composites.

• Practical tips

  • Keep ionic strength low during sensing to avoid nonspecific aggregation. Validate with UV–Vis before and after analyte exposure.
  • For catalysis, pre-equilibrate nanoparticles with substrate to minimize induction periods; track progress by UV–Vis (p-nitrophenolate absorbance at ~400 nm, literature).

Note: Application performance depends on particle size, surface coverage, and concentration—parameters that are batch-specific; consult the CoA for this item.

Reaction Conditions

Typical conditions below are provided as literature guidance for common research uses of silver nanoparticles; they are not specifications for this item.

• Catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (literature)

  • Solvent: Water.
  • Substrate: 4-nitrophenol (~0.1 mM); Reductant: NaBH4 (excess, 1–10 mM) at 20–25°C.
  • Catalyst: AgNP dispersion added to give low ppm Ag (exact loading optimized empirically).
  • Monitoring: UV–Vis decrease at ~400 nm and growth at ~300 nm; pseudo-first-order kinetics often observed with respect to 4-NP.

• SERS measurements (literature)

  • Excitation: 514/532, 633, or 785 nm lasers, chosen to avoid photodegradation and to match/near LSPR for enhancement.
  • Sample prep: Mix analyte with AgNPs at low ionic strength; allow adsorption 5–30 min; optionally induce mild aggregation with 1–10 mM MgSO4 or low NaCl to create hotspots, balancing against stability.
  • Substrates: Drop-cast on glass or paper, or use colloidal suspensions in capillaries.

• Supramolecular assembly with melamine (literature)

  • Conditions: Neutral pH aqueous media; equimolar melamine relative to cyanuric acid sites promotes hexameric CA–melamine networks that can bridge nanoparticles and form films.

• General handling variables

  • pH: Maintain near 7–8 to keep cyanuric acid partially deprotonated; extreme pH can desorb ligands or etch Ag.
  • Ions: Minimize halides and thiols to preserve surface integrity; add electrolytes gradually with in situ UV–Vis/DLS monitoring.

Optimize parameters for your specific batch; consult the CoA for concentration and LSPR peak to guide dosing and optical setup.

Safety & Handling

• Regulatory/SDS

  • GHS classification, signal word, H-statements, and pictograms: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
  • Research Use: For research use only.

• General hazards and precautions (nanoparticle best practices; consult SDS for authoritative guidance)

  • Avoid generating aerosols or dry powders; handle as a closed aqueous dispersion where possible. If drying, use local exhaust ventilation and respiratory protection per institutional policy.
  • Silver compounds can form insoluble AgX/Ag2S and may stain skin; minimize contact. Cyanuric acid is of low volatility; avoid inhalation/ingestion of any powders or dried residues (literature, general).
  • Incompatibilities: Halides (Cl−, Br−, I−) and sulfide sources can react with Ag to form insoluble salts; strong complexants (NH3, thiosulfate, cyanide) can dissolve Ag; strong oxidants and reducing agents may alter particle state. Acids/bases can shift ligand ionization and colloidal stability.

• PPE and handling

  • Wear lab coat, safety glasses or face shield, and appropriate chemically resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile). Use secondary containment for transport within facility.
  • Work in a fume hood or nanoparticle-rated enclosure when manipulating open containers, concentrating, or spray-coating.

• First aid (general)

  • Skin/eye contact: Rinse with water for at least 15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing; seek medical attention if irritation persists.
  • Inhalation of aerosols: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention.
  • Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek medical attention.

Always defer to the SDS for definitive hazard and first-aid information.

Solvent Selection

For this nanomaterial the relevant “solvent” is the dispersion medium and any buffers used during processing or application.

• Polarity and miscibility (general)

  • Primary medium: Water is typical for cyanuric acid–functionalized Ag nanoparticles (literature). Miscible with most aqueous buffers.
  • Organic cosolvents: Low fractions (<20–30% v/v) of miscible solvents (ethanol, isopropanol) are often tolerated; high organic content or nonpolar solvents can destabilize the colloid (literature). Item-specific tolerance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

• Buffer effects (practical)

  • Ionic strength screens electrostatic stabilization; high salt can induce aggregation. Titrate salt additions and monitor UV–Vis (LSPR shift/broadening).
  • Halides (especially Cl−) may precipitate AgCl at sufficient free Ag+; maintain low free Ag+ and avoid high [Cl−] conditions. Sulfide- or thiol-rich media can foul the surface.
  • pH influences cyanuric acid ionization (pKa1 ~6.9; literature). Near-neutral to mildly basic pH generally supports negative surface charge and colloidal stability.

• Choosing among surface chemistries (comparison, general)

  • Cyanuric acid vs citrate: Cyanuric acid offers stronger H-bonding motifs and potential for supramolecular assembly (e.g., with melamine), but may be more pH-sensitive than thiol/PEG coatings.
  • Cyanuric acid vs PEG-thiol: PEG provides steric stabilization and salt tolerance; cyanuric acid provides hydrogen-bondable sites and is metal-free, potentially beneficial in certain assemblies.

Always validate solvent/buffer compatibility at small scale before committing critical materials.

Storage & Reconstitution

• Storage conditions (item-specific)

  • Store at 2–8°C.
  • Shipped on wet ice.

• General storage guidance for silver nanoparticle dispersions

  • Do not freeze unless the CoA explicitly indicates freeze–thaw stability; freezing can cause irreversible aggregation.
  • Keep containers tightly closed to minimize evaporation and concentration drift. Store in the dark to limit photochemical effects.
  • Avoid contact with rubber stoppers or metal caps that may leach ions; use inert caps/liners (e.g., PTFE-lined).

• Before use

  • Warm to room temperature and gently invert or roll to homogenize; avoid vigorous vortexing that can induce foam and shear.
  • Inspect visually for precipitate or color changes; verify with UV–Vis (LSPR position/shape). If mild settling occurred, gentle resuspension is acceptable; hard precipitation may indicate instability.

• Reconstitution/dilution

  • If supplied concentrated, dilute with DI water or a compatible low-ionic-strength buffer. Additives (salts/organic cosolvents) should be introduced gradually while monitoring stability.
  • For sterile applications, consider 0.22 µm filtration only if validated not to remove or alter the nanoparticles; pre-wet low-binding membranes (PES/PVDF) as appropriate.

• Shelf life and specifications

  • Stability timeframe, concentration, and acceptable appearance/UV–Vis criteria: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Always follow the container label and CoA instructions for batch-specific handling.

Structure & Identity

Cyanuric acid functionalized silver nanoparticles are metallic silver (Ag0) nanocrystals whose surfaces are coated with adsorbed/bound cyanuric acid, providing colloidal stability and triazine-derived surface chemistry.

• Item-specific identifiers

  • SKU: S120445
  • CAS, CID, InChIKey, SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Composition: Silver nanoparticle core with cyanuric acid surface functionality (no polymer specified).

• Structural features (general description, literature)

  • Core: Face-centered cubic (fcc) crystalline silver domains; typical nanospheres exhibit a single surface plasmon resonance in the visible range. Exact size/shape for this item: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Ligand: Cyanuric acid (isocyanuric acid), a 1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione (triazine-2,4,6-triol) ring capable of hydrogen bonding and weak surface coordination to Ag via carbonyl/oxo interactions.
  • Cyanuric acid (ligand) identifiers (literature):
    • Molecular formula: C3H3N3O3 (literature)
    • Molecular weight: ~129.07 g/mol (literature)
    • SMILES (ligand): O=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)N1 (literature)
  • Surface chemistry: The triazine ring presents three carbonyl/oxo groups; surface-decorated nanoparticles often display negative zeta potential in water due to deprotonation (exact value for this item not specified).

• 2D/3D description

  • 2D: A triazine core with alternating N–C carbonyl units; three amide-like C=O groups arranged symmetrically around a six-membered ring.
  • 3D: Silver cores (few–tens of nm typical in literature) with a monolayer/partial monolayer of cyanuric acid; hydrogen-bonding capability allows hierarchical assembly with complementary donors (e.g., melamine) (literature).

Synthetic Utility

Although not a molecular building block, cyanuric acid functionalized silver nanoparticles are useful tools in synthesis and materials fabrication:

• As heterogeneous nanocatalysts (literature/general)

  • Facilitate electron-transfer reactions (e.g., 4-nitrophenol reduction by NaBH4, dye reductions) via high-surface-area Ag. The cyanuric acid shell balances accessibility with colloidal stability and can modulate substrate affinity through hydrogen bonding.
  • Participate in oxidative coupling or plasmon-assisted transformations under visible light, with the LSPR promoting hot-carrier generation.

• As SERS-active supports

  • Enable reaction monitoring at very low surface coverages; cyanuric acid can pre-organize analytes bearing complementary H-bond donors (e.g., melamine), increasing local concentration at the hotspot.

• In supramolecular and polymer synthesis

  • Cyanuric acid motifs provide directional H-bonding, allowing layer-by-layer assembly, nanoparticle cross-linking with melamine-bearing polymers, and formation of hybrid films or membranes.

• Functionalization handles

  • The triazine-2,4,6-triol surface offers carbonyl/oxo sites for hydrogen bonding and potential further modification by adsorption or condensation strategies. For robust covalent grafting, consider additional linkers (e.g., thiolated PEG) exchanged onto Ag if needed.

• Practical synthesis tips

  • Maintain dispersion during catalytic runs to preserve active surface area; magnetic or membrane separation can recover nanoparticles afterward.
  • Monitor aggregation/fouling, especially in the presence of halides and thiols; regenerate by gentle washing if compatible.

Item-specific catalytic activity or loading is not specified; consult literature benchmarks and validate empirically.

Target Specificity

Not applicable to this product type. Cyanuric acid functionalized silver nanoparticles are not antibodies, enzymes, or affinity reagents with defined biological targets. Any selectivity arises from physical chemistry (e.g., hydrogen bonding to complementary donors such as melamine, or analyte adsorption for SERS) rather than a biological epitope or antigen.