Peptide drugs consist of specific amino acid sequences and can exert their effects through receptor agonism or antagonism, regulation of enzymes and ion channels, interference with protein-protein interactions, and targeted delivery. Their molecular size lies between that of conventional ...
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) broadly refer to covalent processing events that occur during or after translation, including proteolytic cleavage and the covalent addition or removal of chemical groups, small molecules, or protein modifiers, thereby regulating protein activity, ...
Targeted covalent inhibitors (TCIs) first form a noncovalent complex with the target protein and then form a covalent bond with a specific amino acid residue near the binding pocket. Their development focuses on increasing target occupancy and duration of action while controlling warhead ...
GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-5 integrate hematopoietic and immune signals through the shared βc chain, respectively regulating myeloid cells, basophils, and eosinophils, and participating in hematologic malignancies, allergy, and autoimmune inflammation.
Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) combine the high specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the high potency of small-molecule cytotoxins to achieve targeted tumor cell killing, thereby improving efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity. Compared with unconjugated antibodies or fragments, ...
Kallikrein-related peptidases regulate the skin barrier, neural plasticity, vascular homeostasis, and reproductive function through limited proteolysis. Dysregulated KLK expression, activation, or inhibition can remodel the extracellular matrix and receptor signaling and contribute to tumors, ...
The cosmetic ingredient name of acetyl tetrapeptide-2 is Acetyl Tetrapeptide-2. It is a synthetic short peptide composed of four amino acids and modified by acetylation at the N-terminus. Its commonly cited sequence is Ac–Lys–Asp–Val–Tyr–OH, with the molecular formula ...
GLP-1R, GIPR, and GCGR jointly regulate pancreatic hormone secretion, hepatic glucose output, feeding behavior, and energy metabolism. Multi-receptor agonists improve the overall metabolic treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes by balancing glucose-lowering effects, appetite suppression, and ...
The PLSCR family is commonly used to study changes in membrane phospholipid asymmetry, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, cell death, platelet procoagulant activation, and inflammatory stress responses. In experiments, PLSCR expression changes, membrane localization changes, PS ...
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