≥98% for sensitive chromatographic and analytical workflows requiring minimal baseline interference.
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Storage & shipping
Protected from light,Store at -20°C,Desiccated Ships Ice chest + Ice pads Check lot-specific COA for exact specifications.
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Quality documents
SDS, COA, datasheet, and spec sheet available for download. Lot-specific COA accessible via lot number lookup.
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Literature proof
Cited in 0 peer-reviewed publications across chromatography, organic synthesis, and cross-coupling reactions.
Overview
Store at -20°C. It is important to note that this product is reported to be light sensitive. Store In the Dark. Store under desiccating conditions.
Specifications
Synonyms
N-(Benzoylthio)benzamide
Specifications & Purity
≥98%
Biochemical and Physiological Mechanisms
Cysteine-activated hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) donor. Regulates rate of H 2 S generation.
Storage
Protected from light,Store at -20°C,Desiccated
Shipped In
Ice chest + Ice pads
This product requires cold chain shipping. Ground and other economy services are not available.
Note
Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20°C. Generally, these will be useable for up to one month. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour. Need more advice on solubility, usage and handling? Please visit our frequently asked questions (FAQ) page for more details.
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoic acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituent attached to a benzene ring.
External Descriptors
Not available
1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.
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Reviews
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Application Protocols
Item-specific, validated protocols are not provided for this listing. The following general protocols are commonly used when working with H2S donors. Adjust for your system and confirm compatibility.
A. Stock preparation
Weigh under dry, low-light conditions. Dissolve at 10–100 mM in anhydrous DMSO. Vortex and, if necessary, gently warm (<40°C) briefly. Aliquot into amber vials under inert gas; store at −20°C, desiccated.
B. Cell-based dosing (general)
Prepare fresh working solutions by adding donor stock to pre-warmed culture medium to the desired final concentration (typ. 1–200 μM), keeping final DMSO ≤0.1–0.5% v/v. Mix gently, protect from light, and apply immediately. Include vehicle and positive control (e.g., NaHS) groups.
C. H2S quantification by methylene blue assay (general)
Reagents: Zinc acetate trap, N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DMPD), FeCl3 in acidic medium.
Procedure: At defined timepoints, quench aliquots into zinc acetate to capture sulfide. React with DMPD/FeCl3, incubate (e.g., 15–30 min), measure A670 nm. Generate a calibration curve with Na2S standards in the same matrix.
D. Fluorescent probe readout (general)
Use an H2S-selective probe per manufacturer instructions. Validate linearity and minimal interference from donor byproducts. Include time-course sampling to estimate release kinetics.
Note: Exact concentrations, incubation times, and triggers are donor-specific; optimize empirically.
Biological Roles
General background (literature; not item-specific):
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a recognized endogenous gasotransmitter, alongside nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). It is produced enzymatically in mammals primarily by cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) pathways.
In biochemical systems, H2S participates in redox signaling via persulfidation (S-sulfhydration) of protein cysteines, modulates metal centers, and influences mitochondrial electron transport under certain conditions.
Chemical equilibria among H2S/HS−/S2− are pH-dependent (pKa1 ~6.9, pKa2 ~12.9 at 25°C; literature). At physiological pH, HS− predominates.
Use of donors in biological experiments (general):
H2S donors enable controlled exogenous H2S delivery to cells, tissues, enzymes, and isolated biomolecules for mechanistic studies of sulfur redox processes and signaling modifications.
Release kinetics, cell permeability, and byproducts vary widely among donors and determine experimental outcomes; appropriate controls and dose–response designs are essential.
Important caveats:
Responses observed with exogenous donors may not mirror endogenous H2S biology. Always contextualize findings with orthogonal measurements (e.g., direct sulfide quantification, persulfide detection) and pathway controls.
This product is for research use only and is not intended for diagnostic, clinical, or therapeutic applications.
Buffer Applications
Item-specific buffer guidance is not provided; the following are general best practices for using small-molecule H2S donors in aqueous buffers.
General recommendations:
Stock preparation: Dissolve the donor in anhydrous DMSO (typ. 10–100 mM). Filter (0.22 μm) if needed. Prepare immediately before use.
Working solutions: Dilute stocks into pre-warmed buffer (e.g., PBS, HEPES, Tris, HBSS) immediately prior to experiments. Keep final organic co-solvent low (≤0.1–0.5% v/v for cell systems).
pH control: Because H2S speciation is pH-dependent (literature pKa1 ~6.9), maintain stable buffer pH; avoid CO2 loss in bicarbonate buffers unless equilibrated in a controlled incubator.
Thiol content: Presence of cysteine or glutathione can accelerate release for some donor classes. Include or exclude thiols intentionally based on the experiment.
Oxygenation: Deoxygenate buffers (argon/nitrogen sparge) if assessing anoxic redox chemistry; oxygen can oxidize sulfide.
Compatibility and interference:
Avoid strong oxidants and metals that can scavenge sulfide or catalyze side reactions unless part of the study design.
For analytical assays (e.g., methylene blue), ensure buffer components do not interfere with dye chemistry; prepare matched blanks.
Storage of prepared buffers:
Do not store donor-containing buffers; prepare fresh immediately prior to use due to potential for ongoing H2S release and decomposition.
Green Alternatives
Context: Selecting an H2S donor involves balancing safety, environmental impact, and experimental performance. Item-specific environmental metrics are not provided; guidance below is general.
Considerations and potential alternatives (general):
Cons: Require organic co-solvents; may generate organic byproducts; stability/shelf-life considerations.
Solid-supported or polymeric donors:
Pros: Easier separation/recovery, reduced solvent usage in some workflows.
Cons: Synthesis/availability, different release profiles.
Greener handling strategies:
Use high-concentration stock solutions to minimize solvent volume at working concentrations.
Choose lower-toxicity co-solvents (e.g., ethanol or water-cosolvent systems) when compatible with the desired release profile.
Implement closed systems or headspace traps for H2S to limit emissions; scrub residual sulfide using oxidizing traps (e.g., zinc acetate capture followed by appropriate disposal) per institutional EHS guidance.
Trade-offs:
Greener choices may alter release kinetics and experimental outcomes; validate performance (kinetics, byproducts, detection interference) after any solvent or donor substitution.
Pharmaceutical Uses
This product is supplied strictly for research use only. Item-specific pharmacopeial status, excipient grade, or GMP-related attributes are not provided; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet if required.
General context (not item-specific; no therapeutic claims):
In preclinical formulation research, H2S donors are sometimes used as tool compounds to study the impact of controlled sulfide release on biomolecules, delivery systems, or to probe redox-sensitive formulation components.
Donor physicochemical properties (solubility, stability, hydrolysis rate, partitioning) influence dosage form selection for exploratory studies (e.g., DMSO-based concentrates for ex vivo assays, aqueous vehicles for short-term in vitro dosing).
Formulation considerations for lab studies:
Use cosolvent systems (DMSO → buffer) for accurate dosing; validate that vehicle composition does not itself induce effects in the test system.
Evaluate release kinetics and byproducts in the intended matrix to ensure interpretability of results.
Compliance note:
Not intended for use in humans or animals for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. For any translational work, separate sourcing under appropriate quality systems is required.
Physical Properties
Item-specific physicochemical data:
Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular Weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular Formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Melting/Boiling Point: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Density/Refractive Index: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Solubility: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
LogP / pKa: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
General/literature guidance for small-molecule H2S donors (not item-specific):
Many organic H2S donors are solids at ambient temperature and are soluble in polar aprotic solvents (e.g., DMSO, DMF) and variably soluble in aqueous buffers upon co-solvent dilution.
Hydrolysis sensitivity and light sensitivity are common; maintain dry, inert conditions until use.
Release kinetics (half-life for H2S generation) can vary from seconds to hours depending on trigger (water, thiols, pH, enzymes). These kinetic values are donor-specific and must be confirmed from primary literature or the CoA.
Practical tips (general):
Prepare concentrated anhydrous DMSO stocks (e.g., 10–100 mM) and dilute freshly into buffer or media immediately prior to experiments to manage controlled H2S generation.
Assess solubility and stability by small-scale trials and monitor H2S using orthogonal assays (e.g., methylene blue, monobromobimane, electrochemical probes).
Quality & Grades
Item-specific quality details:
Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Stabilizers/Inhibitors: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Guidance on grades for small-molecule research reagents (general):
Research-grade reagents are suitable for most chemical biology experiments, screening, and method development. If low background absorbance/fluorescence is critical, request a CoA including UV–Vis profile and residual solvent/impurity data.
For kinetic or quantitative H2S release studies, batch-to-batch consistency (purity, water content, residual acids/bases) is important. Verify lot-specific specifications on the CoA (e.g., HPLC purity, NMR assay, residual solvents) prior to critical experiments.
Stabilizer implications (general):
Some H2S donors are formulated with trace stabilizers or packaged under inert gas to minimize premature decomposition. Presence of stabilizers (if any) can influence baseline reactivity and must be accounted for in controls.
Documentation:
For compliance or method validation, request lot-specific analytical certificates (HPLC chromatogram, NMR spectra, water by Karl Fischer). When unavailable in the listing, consider performing in-house qualification (identity, purity, stability in chosen solvent and buffer).
Reaction & Applications
Scope (general for H2S donors; no item-specific claims):
Chemical biology and redox signaling studies requiring controlled, exogenous H2S delivery to chemical or biological systems.
Assay development for H2S-responsive probes, scavengers, and catalysts; benchmarking H2S detection methods (e.g., methylene blue assay, monobromobimane derivatization, fluorescent H2S probes).
Modeling sulfur redox chemistry in buffered solutions or organic media.
Practical considerations:
Define the intended trigger (water, pH, thiols, enzymes, light) and control the environment accordingly (buffer composition, ionic strength, presence of thiols like cysteine/GSH, temperature, light exposure).
Prepare fresh working solutions immediately prior to use. Pre-incubate matrices (buffers, media) to equilibrate temperature and oxygenation; deoxygenate if studying anaerobic pathways.
Quantify H2S evolution using orthogonal methods. Combine colorimetric (methylene blue) with electrochemical probes or headspace GC when possible for robustness.
Controls and benchmarking:
Include negative controls (vehicle only) and positive references (fast-release donors such as Na2S/NaHS) to contextualize release kinetics and biological responses.
Calibrate against standard curves generated from known sulfide concentrations in the same matrix to account for sulfide loss and trapping.
Notes:
Release rate, byproducts, and pH/decomposition profiles are donor-specific; verify using the CoA and, if needed, primary literature for compounds sharing the same CAS.
Reaction Conditions
Item-specific reaction condition data are not provided. The following are general, literature-based considerations for employing H2S donors in experiments that require controlled H2S release.
Typical media and temperature:
Solvents: Anhydrous DMSO for stocks; aqueous buffers (PBS, HEPES, HBSS) or mixed solvents for working solutions.
Temperature: 20–37°C is common for kinetic and biological assays; lower temperatures slow release for many donor classes.
Activation variables:
pH: Slightly acidic to neutral pH can modulate hydrolysis; exact dependence is donor-specific.
Nucleophiles/thiols: Cysteine or GSH (10 μM–5 mM range) may accelerate thiolysis-triggered donors.
Light/oxygen: Some donors are photosensitive; protect from light. Oxygen affects sulfide stability; consider deoxygenation for redox studies.
Monitoring and endpoints:
H2S quantification: Methylene blue assay (abs ~670 nm), monobromobimane derivatization with HPLC, ion-selective electrodes, or electrochemical sensors. Calibrate in matrix.
Kinetics: Determine apparent half-life by time-course sampling; fit to appropriate models (first-order or trigger-dependent).
Expected outcomes (general):
Depending on donor chemistry, release may be burst-like (seconds–minutes) or sustained (minutes–hours). Yields and byproducts must be empirically determined for the specific donor lot and conditions.
Caveats:
Avoid airtight sealed vials without venting when generating H2S; pressure can build. Employ traps or vented caps as per institutional safety protocols.
Safety & Handling
Authoritative safety data are provided in the product SDS. The following points summarize available item-specific information and general best practices.
Item-specific information:
Storage: Protected from light; Store at −20°C; Desiccated.
Shipping: Ice chest + ice pads.
GHS Classification / Signal Word / Pictograms / H-Statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
General hazards for H2S donors (not item-specific):
May release hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a highly toxic, flammable gas with a low odor threshold; olfactory fatigue is rapid—do not rely on smell for detection.
Many sulfur-containing organics can be skin/eye irritants. Some donors may decompose under moisture, heat, or light, potentially releasing H2S.
PPE and engineering controls:
Use in a certified chemical fume hood. Wear lab coat, safety glasses/goggles, and appropriate chemically resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile). Consider double-gloving for concentrated stocks.
Keep sources of ignition away when handling materials that can generate H2S.
Handling and incompatibilities (general):
Avoid moisture, acids, bases, oxidizers, and prolonged light exposure unless required for the experimental trigger. Use dry, inert atmospheres for weighing and stock preparation.
First-aid overview (general):
Inhalation of H2S: Move to fresh air immediately; seek medical attention; administer oxygen if trained to do so. Skin/eye contact: Rinse with water for at least 15 minutes, remove contaminated clothing; seek medical advice. Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek medical attention.
Waste:
Collect donor residues and solutions as halogen-free organic or sulfide-bearing waste per institutional and local regulations; ensure vented storage to prevent pressure buildup.
Solvent Selection
Item-specific solubility data are not provided for this product; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet and perform pilot tests. The guidance below reflects common behavior of small-molecule H2S donors (general, not item-specific).
Typical solvent choices:
Primary stock solvent: Anhydrous DMSO (frequently provides highest solubility and stability prior to activation).
Alternatives: DMF, acetonitrile, or ethanol (water content and proticity may influence premature H2S release).
Aqueous buffers: Final working solutions are often prepared by diluting DMSO stocks into PBS, HEPES, or HBSS immediately before use. Keep final DMSO ≤0.1–0.5% v/v when working with cells.
Polarity and miscibility (general):
Many donors are moderately polar organics; DMSO is miscible with water, enabling accurate delivery of small volumes to aqueous systems. Poorly soluble donors may need cosolvent blends (DMSO/water or ethanol/water) and gentle warming.
When to choose one solvent vs another:
For kinetic precision and minimal background: dry, oxygen-free DMSO stocks minimize premature hydrolysis/thiolysis.
For rapid activation tests: protic solvents or buffered aqueous media may intentionally accelerate release.
Small comparison (general):
DMSO: maximal solubility/stability; may scavenge radicals; low volatility.
ACN: volatile, aprotic; may offer cleaner UV windows but often lower solubility.
EtOH: protic; can affect donor activation; cell-compatibility typically better than ACN but watch for release kinetics.
Storage & Reconstitution
Item-specific storage conditions (as provided):
Store at −20°C.
Protect from light.
Keep desiccated.
Shipped in ice chest with ice pads.
Reconstitution (general best practices for H2S donors; not item-specific):
Solvent: Reconstitute in anhydrous, oxygen-free DMSO to prepare concentrated stocks (e.g., 10–100 mM). If needed, sparge DMSO with inert gas and use amber vials.
Technique: Weigh rapidly under dry conditions. Cap immediately after adding solvent. Vortex to dissolve; avoid prolonged warming.
Aliquoting: Dispense small, single-use aliquots to prevent repeated freeze–thaw. Backfill headspace with nitrogen/argon if possible.
Handling after reconstitution:
Storage of stocks: −20°C, protected from light, desiccated/airtight. Minimize freeze–thaw cycles (prefer single thaw and use within the same day once thawed).
Working solutions: Prepare immediately before use by diluting into buffer or media. Do not store diluted solutions due to ongoing H2S release and potential decomposition.
Stability notes:
Actual shelf-life, water content limits, and impurity profiles are donor- and lot-specific. Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet and SDS.
Documentation:
Record preparation date, concentration, and lot number on each aliquot. Verify concentration periodically by analytical assay when quantitative work is required.
Structure & Identity
Brief overview: This product is a small-molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor intended for laboratory research use.
Item-specific identifiers (as provided):
SKU: H274760
Product Name: H2S Donor 5a
CAS: 134861-13-5
PubChem CID: 14952493
InChIKey: 142955 (as provided)
SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular Formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular Weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Structural features (general context for H2S donors; not item-specific):
H2S donors commonly incorporate sulfur-rich functional motifs such as dithiols, polysulfides, thioesters, thioamides, or phosphorodithioates capable of controlled H2S release under physiological or chemical triggers.
Many donors are neutral or zwitterionic small molecules containing aromatic and/or heteroatom-bearing scaffolds and may include leaving groups that undergo hydrolysis, thiolysis, or redox activation.
2D structure description (general):
Without the specific SMILES or structure, a precise 2D description cannot be given for this item. Typical donors feature one or more S–S or C(=S)–X (X = O, N, S) linkages positioned to enable intramolecular or buffer-mediated fragmentation with concomitant H2S liberation.
Notes:
For exact stereochemistry, ring systems, and functional group placement of H2S Donor 5a, consult the product CoA/Spec Sheet and SDS. Do not assume identity from the donor class alone.
Synthetic Utility
As a designated “H2S donor,” this material is primarily intended as a functional reagent for H2S delivery in chemical/biochemical experiments rather than as a classical synthetic building block.
General (not item-specific):
Controlled in situ generation of H2S can be useful in studying sulfur insertion, metal–sulfide complex formation, or sulfide-mediated transformations under mild conditions without handling gaseous H2S or aqueous sulfide salts.
Certain donor classes can act as sulfur sources or reductants in specialized synthetic settings; however, the efficiency, selectivity, and byproducts are highly donor-specific and may not rival established synthetic sulfurating agents.
Practical guidance:
If using a donor in synthesis, characterize stoichiometry of H2S release under the intended conditions (solvent, temperature, pH, thiols) and identify byproducts to avoid contamination.
Compare against conventional reagents (e.g., Na2S, thioacetamide, Lawesson’s reagent, P4S10) for yield, selectivity, safety, and waste profile before scale-up.
Limitations:
Many donors are optimized for biological compatibility rather than synthetic efficiency; they may be cost-inefficient for preparative chemistry. Proceed after small-scale feasibility studies and thorough analytical monitoring (GC/LC/MS, NMR).
Target Specificity
This product is a small-molecule reagent and not a biological targeting agent (e.g., antibody, enzyme inhibitor with defined protein selectivity in this listing). No target specificity, antigen, clone, isotype, or species reactivity data are provided for this item. For mechanistic selectivity within a class of H2S donors (e.g., thiol-activated vs hydrolysis-activated), consult the primary literature for the exact structure provided in the CoA/Spec Sheet.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the purity of this product?
This product is supplied at ≥98% purity (chemical assay). Lot-specific values are stated on the Certificate of Analysis.
How should this product be stored?
Store at ?20 °C, protected from light, desiccated. Keep the container tightly closed with desiccant — the material is moisture-sensitive.
How is this product shipped?
This product ships in an insulated container with ice pads. Unpack on arrival and transfer it to the storage condition stated above.
What are the CAS number, molecular formula and molecular weight?
The CAS Number is 134861-13-5, the molecular formula is C14H11NO2S, and the molecular weight is 257.31 g/mol. InChIKey IJYATHJDICJZLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N.
What documentation is provided?
Available product documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (COA), Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and specification sheets, is shown in the product document area. Document availability and access follow the current site policy.
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