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IL-12, Agonist of Interleukin-12 receptor, CAS No.rp174277, Agonist of Interleukin-12 receptor

CAS: rp174277 Cat. No.: rp174277
COA
IL-12, Agonist of Interleukin-12 receptor, CAS No.rp174277, Agonist of Interleukin-12 receptor
AVAILABLE TO ORDER
GRADE & PURITY Moligand™ ? Moligand™ — Aladdin's line of ligands and bioactive small molecules. Use for receptor, pathway, and binding studies needing defined small-molecule tools.
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Size
Germany (EU)
USA*
Price
Qty
500μg
rp174277-500μg
Made to order · 8–12 wks
€2,082.49
1mg
rp174277-1mg
Made to order · 8–12 wks
€3,470.87
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SDS
Safety data
COA
Certificate
DS
Datasheet
SP
Spec sheet
Specifications Storage and Shipping Documentation Advanced Data Associated Targets(Human) Certificates（CoA,COO,BSE/TSE and Analysis Chart) Genetic information Solution Calculators Reviews Application Protocols Biological Roles Buffer Applications Green Alternatives Pharmaceutical Uses Physical Properties Quality & Grades Reaction & Applications Reaction Conditions Safety & Handling Solvent Selection Storage & Reconstitution Structure & Identity Synthetic Utility Target Specificity
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Why this grade

Moligand™ Moligand™ for sensitive chromatographic and analytical workflows requiring minimal baseline interference.

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Storage & shipping

Room temperature Ships Check lot-specific COA for exact specifications.

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Quality documents

SDS, COA, datasheet, and spec sheet available for download. Lot-specific COA accessible via lot number lookup.

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Literature proof

Cited in 0 peer-reviewed publications across chromatography, organic synthesis, and cross-coupling reactions.

Specifications

Product Name
IL-12, Agonist of Interleukin-12 receptor, CAS No.rp174277
Synonyms
IL-12 p70
Grade
Moligand™
Specifications & Purity
Moligand™
Action Type
AGONIST
Mechanism of action
Agonist of Interleukin-12 receptor
CAS
rp174277
Molecule Type
Peptide
Storage and Shipping
Storage
Room temperature

Documentation

📋 Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

Comprehensive hazard, handling, storage, and regulatory compliance document.

Download SDS →

✅ Certificate of Analysis (COA)

Lot-specific quality data. Enter your lot number to retrieve the exact COA.

Look up COA →

📊 Datasheet

Quick-reference summary of product specifications and applications.

View datasheet →

🔬 Specification Sheet

Full quality attributes and acceptance criteria for this grade.

View spec sheet →

Advanced Data

Associated Targets(Human)
IL12RB1 Tbio Interleukin-12 receptor subunit beta-1 (0 Activities)
Activity TypeActivity Value -log(M)Mechanism of ActionActivity ReferencePublications (PubMed IDs)
IL12RB2 Tbio Interleukin-12 receptor subunit beta-2 (0 Activities)
Activity TypeActivity Value -log(M)Mechanism of ActionActivity ReferencePublications (PubMed IDs)
Certificates（CoA,COO,BSE/TSE and Analysis Chart)
C of A & Other Certificates(BSE/TSE, COO):
Analytical Chart:
Genetic information
Alternate NamesIL-12 p70
Reference
  • 1. Kinetics and inhibition of recombinant human cystathionine gamma-lyase. Toward the rational control of transsulfuration., The Journal of biological chemistry, Steegborn, C C and 7 more authors.
  • 2. Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Strausberg, Robert L RL and 83 more authors.
  • 3. Genomic basis of cystathioninuria (MIM 219500) revealed by multiple mutations in cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH)., Human genetics, Wang, Jian J and Hegele, Robert A RA.
  • 4. Cloning and nucleotide sequence of human liver cDNA encoding for cystathionine gamma-lyase., Biochemical and biophysical research communications, Lu, Y Y, O'Dowd, B F BF, Orrego, H H and Israel, Y Y.
  • 5. Single nucleotide polymorphism in CTH associated with variation in plasma homocysteine concentration., Clinical genetics, Wang, J J, Huff, A M AM, Spence, J D JD and Hegele, R A RA.
  • 6. Cystathionine gamma-lyase overexpression inhibits cell proliferation via a H2S-dependent modulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and p21Cip/WAK-1., The Journal of biological chemistry, Yang, Guangdong G, Cao, Kun K, Wu, Lingyun L and Wang, Rui R.
  • 7. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)., Genome research, Gerhard, Daniela S DS and 115 more authors.
  • 8. Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network., Nature, Rual, Jean-François JF and 37 more authors.
  • 9. The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1., Nature, Gregory, S G SG and 178 more authors.
  • 10. Polymorphisms in one-carbon metabolism and trans-sulfuration pathway genes and susceptibility to bladder cancer., International journal of cancer, Moore, Lee E LE and 14 more authors. more
Solution Calculators
Reviews

Customer Reviews

Application Protocols

Item-specific, tested applications

  • None provided in the Product Data for this SKU. No validated assays, recommended dilutions, or control materials are specified. Refer to the CoA/Spec Sheet if available.

General note

  • While many laboratories use IL-12 in cell signaling assays, ELISA standards, or reporter systems, any protocols would be literature-based and must be optimized by the end user for their specific cell line, species, and readout. Because no item-specific validation is supplied here, conduct a pilot titration and include appropriate controls to establish assay conditions.
Biological Roles

Literature overview (informational; not item-specific)

  • Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of p35 (IL12A) and p40 (IL12B) subunits. It is primarily produced by antigen-presenting cells (dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells) in response to innate immune stimuli.
  • Receptor/signaling: IL-12 signals via the IL-12Rβ1/IL-12Rβ2 receptor complex, activating JAK2/TYK2 and prominently STAT4. This drives transcriptional programs associated with Th1 differentiation.
  • Functional roles:
    • Promotes naïve CD4+ T cell differentiation into Th1 effectors.
    • Potently induces IFN-γ production by T cells and NK cells.
    • Enhances cytotoxic functions of NK and CD8+ T cells and augments antigen-specific responses.
    • Shapes adaptive immunity by favoring cell-mediated responses and influencing class switching and chemokine expression.
  • Regulation/crosstalk: IL-12 is antagonized by IL-10 and modulated by IL-18 and IL-23 (the latter shares the p40 subunit). TLR signaling and inflammasome outputs regulate IL-12 production by APCs.
  • Structural biology: The p35/p40 heterodimer arrangement positions helical bundles for receptor engagement; disulfide bonding and glycosylation affect secretion, stability, and receptor affinity.
  • Experimental significance: Recombinant IL-12 is widely used to probe Th1 polarization, STAT4 pathway activation, and IFN-γ–dependent networks in immunology research.

Note: Biological roles summarized here are from the scientific literature and provided for research planning only. No clinical or therapeutic claims are made.

Buffer Applications

Applicability

  • IL-12 use centers on aqueous buffer systems; however, no item-specific buffer composition or reconstitution recipe is provided in the Product Data for this SKU.

Literature-based guidance (not item-specific)

  • Reconstitution: Commonly reconstituted in sterile water or PBS to a convenient stock concentration (e.g., 10–100 µg/mL), often with 0.1–1% carrier protein (BSA/HSA) to reduce adsorption.
  • Working buffers: PBS, HEPES, or Tris-buffered saline at pH 7.2–7.6; include 0.01% non-ionic surfactant (e.g., polysorbate 20) when low adsorption is critical.
  • Cell culture: Serum-free or defined media supplemented with stabilizers can maintain bioactivity while minimizing background. Filter-sterilize through 0.22 µm when required.
  • Storage buffers: For aliquots intended for freezing, addition of sugars (e.g., 5–10% trehalose) can improve stability. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw.
  • Assay standards: For ELISA or multiplex calibration, prepare serial dilutions in sample-matched matrix (e.g., assay diluent with protein/surfactant) to mitigate matrix effects and surface losses.

Practical notes

  • Verify compatibility of carrier proteins with downstream readouts (e.g., interfere in BCA/Bradford assays).
  • Use low-binding tubes/tips and pre-rinse pipette tips with buffer containing stabilizer to minimize cytokine loss.

Item-specific disclaimer

  • Because formulation details are not specified for this item, confirm buffer composition, presence/absence of carrier, and recommended diluent on the lot-specific CoA/Spec Sheet before use.
Green Alternatives

Context

  • As a protein cytokine used in aqueous systems, IL-12 does not typically raise the solvent-sustainability concerns associated with volatile organic solvents. Nevertheless, greener laboratory practices can further reduce environmental impact.

Greener practice recommendations (general)

  • Prefer aqueous buffers over organic cosolvents; formulate and dilute IL-12 in water-based systems whenever possible.
  • Buffer selection: Use HEPES or PBS prepared from concentrated stock solutions to reduce packaging waste; consider in-lab buffer preparation with validated SOPs to minimize shipping footprint.
  • Surfactants and stabilizers: Choose readily biodegradable excipients where performance permits; use minimal effective concentrations.
  • Packaging and consumption: Scale purchases to experiment size to reduce expired waste; use low-binding, recyclable plastics where compatible.
  • Cold-chain optimization: This item lists room-temperature storage; for other cytokines requiring chilled shipment, consolidate orders to reduce cold-chain frequency.

Small comparison (general)

  • Aqueous buffers vs. mixed organic systems
    • Environmental impact: Low vs. higher (production/disposal of organics)
    • Worker exposure: Minimal vs. potential VOC exposure
    • Protein stability: Typically high in optimized aqueous buffers vs. risk of denaturation in organics

Note: No item-specific formulation or solvent requirements are provided in the Product Data. Implement green measures consistent with your assay performance criteria and institutional guidelines.

Pharmaceutical Uses

Scope note

  • No pharmacopeial status, excipient role, or formulation specifics are provided for this item. This product is labeled For research use only and is not intended for human or animal therapeutic or diagnostic use.

Literature/general context (not item-specific)

  • In pharmaceutical research, recombinant IL-12 is employed as a reference ligand to interrogate IL-12 receptor biology, to benchmark bioassays (e.g., STAT4 reporter systems), and to calibrate immunoassays (ELISA, multiplex) detecting IL-12 or IL-12–responsive analytes (e.g., IFN-γ).
  • Process development and analytics may use cytokines like IL-12 as positive controls to qualify potency assays for cell therapies or biologics that modulate Th1 pathways.
  • Formulation research can leverage IL-12 as a model protein to study stabilization strategies (lyo-/cryo-protectants, surfactants) for lab-scale development of protein drug products.

Good practice considerations

  • When used as a control or standard in regulated labs, ensure traceability via CoA, lot tracking, and storage logs. Validate the working concentration and bioactivity in your specific assay system.
  • Endotoxin levels and host-cell protein content can influence cell-based assays; obtain lot-specific data from the CoA if these attributes are critical for your application.

Disclaimer

  • No claims are made regarding clinical performance, safety, or efficacy. This information is provided solely to contextualize laboratory research workflows.
Physical Properties

Item-specific (from Product Data)

  • Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Physical state (solid/solution), refractive index, density, mp/bp, solubility parameters: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Storage condition: Room temperature (per Product Data).

Literature/general properties for IL-12 (informational; not item specifications)

  • Biopolymer class: Protein cytokine; typically supplied lyophilized or in buffered aqueous solution with stabilizers (e.g., carrier protein, sugars).
  • Solubility: Freely soluble in physiological aqueous buffers (e.g., PBS) when properly formulated; insoluble in organic solvents.
  • pH stability: Functional activity generally maintained in neutral buffers; acidic or basic extremes can denature proteins; avoid repeated freeze–thaw.
  • Temperature sensitivity: Native cytokines are heat-labile; prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures can reduce activity; short-term room temperature handling is commonplace in bench workflows.
  • Isoelectric point (pI) and exact mass vary by species, sequence variant, and glycosylation state; consult sequence-specific datasheets where applicable.

Practical notes (general)

  • Reconstitution is often performed with sterile water or buffer containing carrier protein to minimize adsorption to plastics.
  • Filter sterilization (0.22 µm) may be used for assay preparation, but excessive shear or foaming should be avoided to prevent denaturation.
  • For UV/visible characterization, aromatic residues permit A280 estimation; extinction coefficients are sequence-dependent (compute from exact sequence when available).
Quality & Grades

Item-specific

  • Grade/Purity: Moligand™ (per Product Data). No additional purity metrics, activity units, sequence source, endotoxin level, or formulation details are specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

About Moligand™ (general context; not a specification)

  • Moligand™ designates Aladdin’s ligand-focused products intended for research screening and pathway interrogation. For cytokines, this typically implies research-use-only materials suitable for biochemical/cell-based assays.
  • Typical quality attributes for protein ligands (when provided on CoA) may include: identity (e.g., MS or sequence confirmation), purity by SDS-PAGE/HPLC, bioactivity in a defined assay (e.g., EC50 in STAT4 reporter cells), endotoxin level (EU/µg), and residual host-cell proteins. None of these parameters are specified here for this SKU.

Implications for experimental planning

  • Without item-specific activity/purity data, users should run a small pilot titration to establish working concentration in their assay context.
  • If low nonspecific binding is critical, verify whether carrier-free or carrier-containing format is supplied (not specified for this item).
  • For regulated applications or method transfer, request the latest CoA/Spec Sheet to confirm lot-specific characteristics and storage recommendations.
Reaction & Applications

Scope note

  • IL-12 is not a synthetic reagent; its value lies in biological assays as a ligand. No manufacturer application notes are provided for this SKU; the following are literature-based research uses (not item-specific specifications).

Representative research applications (literature)

  • Pathway activation studies: Exogenous IL-12 is used to activate the IL-12Rβ1/β2–JAK2/TYK2–STAT4 axis in immune cell models (e.g., human PBMCs, NK cells, T cells) to study Th1 polarization and IFN-γ induction.
  • Cytokine crosstalk mapping: Combine IL-12 with IL-2, IL-15, or IL-18 to dissect synergistic or antagonistic signaling in NK/T cells; measure downstream phospho-STATs, cytokine secretion, and gene expression.
  • Assay calibration: Serve as a positive control or standard in ELISA, multiplex bead assays, or bioassays to benchmark sensitivity and dynamic range.
  • Receptor pharmacology: Evaluate antagonists/biologics targeting IL-12 pathways by measuring IL-12-driven reporter activity or cytokine release as a functional readout.
  • Systems immunology: Time-course stimulation to construct signaling/epigenetic landscapes during Th1 differentiation.

Practical tips (general)

  • Run concentration-response titrations (e.g., sub-ng/mL to tens of ng/mL) to identify the operational EC50 in your cell system.
  • Include vehicle and unrelated cytokine controls to deconvolute pathway specificity.
  • Minimize protein loss by using low-binding plastics and including a small amount of carrier protein if compatible with the assay readout.
  • Confirm absence of endotoxin interference in sensitive cell assays; if critical, verify EU levels on the lot-specific CoA (not provided here).
Reaction Conditions

Not applicable to chemical synthesis

  • IL-12 is not used in synthetic chemical reactions; therefore, conventional parameters such as catalysts, temperatures, and yields do not apply.

Assay-condition guidance (literature; not item-specific specifications)

  • Dose ranges: Functional responses in immune cells are often observed from sub-ng/mL to tens of ng/mL. Optimize via a concentration–response curve (e.g., 0.03–30 ng/mL) tailored to the cell type and readout.
  • Time course: Early signaling (pSTAT4) can peak within 15–60 minutes; transcriptional outputs (IFN-γ mRNA) within 2–6 hours; secreted cytokines detectable over 6–24+ hours depending on cell model.
  • Matrix: Use serum-free or low-serum conditions when quantifying primary signaling to reduce background. Include stabilizers to limit adsorption.
  • Controls: Include vehicle controls, unrelated cytokine controls, and receptor-blocking antibodies where appropriate to confirm pathway dependence.
  • Readouts: Western blot/flow cytometry for pSTAT4, ELISA/meso-scale for IFN-γ, qPCR for target genes, luminescent reporters for STAT activity.

Practical considerations

  • Pre-warm buffers/media to assay temperature (typically 37°C for mammalian cells) and equilibrate pH/CO2 as required.
  • Avoid repeated freeze–thaw of IL-12 stocks; prepare single-use aliquots to maintain consistent potency across experiments.
Safety & Handling

Item-specific hazard data

  • GHS classification, signal word, pictograms, H-statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.

General safety guidance for protein cytokines (informational; defer to SDS for authoritative instructions)

  • Hazard overview: Proteins/cytokines are generally considered low hazard from a chemical perspective but may be biologically active at very low concentrations. Avoid inhalation, ingestion, and skin/eye contact.
  • PPE: Wear laboratory coat, safety glasses, and appropriate gloves. Use a biological safety cabinet when preparing aerosols or working with cell-based bioassays.
  • Handling: Minimize aerosol generation. Avoid vigorous vortexing/foaming that can denature proteins and create respirable droplets. Use low-retention tips and tubes to reduce loss.
  • Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers, extreme pH, and organic solvents can denature proteins. Adsorption to untreated glass/plastic can deplete working concentration—consider carrier proteins or surface-treated plastics.
  • First aid (general): If inhaled—move to fresh air; if on skin/eyes—rinse with water for several minutes; if ingested—rinse mouth. Seek medical advice if symptoms occur. Provide SDS to responders.
  • Spills: Wipe with absorbent material pre-wetted with compatible buffer; decontaminate area with appropriate laboratory disinfectant. Avoid dry sweeping that may aerosolize powders.
  • Waste: Dispose of protein solutions and contaminated consumables according to institutional biosafety and local regulations.
  • Transport/temperature excursions: Although this item lists room temperature storage, preserve functional integrity by avoiding extremes (heat/freezing) during handling unless otherwise specified on the CoA/SDS.
Solvent Selection

Applicability note

  • IL-12 is a protein cytokine; classical organic solvent selection does not apply. Aqueous buffers are the relevant medium.

General guidance (literature; not item-specific)

  • Primary solvent: Sterile, neutral aqueous buffers (e.g., PBS, HEPES, or Tris, pH 7.2–7.6) are commonly used for reconstitution and dilution.
  • Additives to enhance stability and reduce adsorption: 0.1–1% carrier protein (e.g., BSA or HSA), 5–10% trehalose or sucrose, and 0.01% non-ionic surfactant (e.g., polysorbate 20) are frequently employed depending on assay needs.
  • Avoid: Alcohols, acetone, acetonitrile, DMSO at high percentages, and extremes of pH; these can denature cytokines or impair activity. If co-dosing with DMSO-solubilized small molecules, keep final DMSO ≤0.1–0.5% v/v.

Selection tips by application

  • Cell signaling assays: Use serum-free or low-serum media supplemented with stabilizers to maintain defined conditions while preventing adsorption losses.
  • Biochemical binding assays: Low-ionic-strength buffers may be preferred to tune electrostatic interactions; include surfactant to minimize nonspecific binding to plates and tips.
  • Storage buffers: Cryo-/lyoprotectants (e.g., trehalose) can improve stability for frozen or lyophilized formats (format for this item is not specified).

Comparison (general)

  • PBS: Isotonic, widely compatible; minimal buffering capacity against CO2 absorption.
  • HEPES: Superior pH stability in open systems/incubators; minimal temperature dependence.
  • Tris: Good buffering near neutral pH; temperature-dependent pKa—monitor pH at working temperature.
Storage & Reconstitution

Item-specific (from Product Data)

  • Storage condition: Room temperature.
  • Shipped in: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Appearance/format and reconstitution solvent: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

General guidance (literature; not item-specific requirements)

  • If supplied lyophilized: Allow vial to equilibrate to room temperature before opening to avoid moisture condensation. Reconstitute with sterile water or buffer (e.g., PBS) to a convenient stock (e.g., 10–100 µg/mL). Include 0.1–1% carrier protein (BSA/HSA) and/or 5–10% trehalose when adsorption or freeze–thaw sensitivity is a concern.
  • If supplied in solution: Store as directed on the CoA; prepare single-use aliquots to avoid repeated freeze–thaw. Use low-binding tubes and pre-chilled pipette tips.
  • Handling: Gently swirl—avoid vigorous vortexing/foaming. Filter sterilize (0.22 µm) if required by your workflow.
  • Stability: Cytokines are generally heat-labile; minimize exposure to elevated temperatures and prolonged light. Track storage history; discard aliquots after recommended in-use periods if activity drifts.

Important

  • Because only “Room temperature” storage is specified for this SKU and no formulation details are provided, consult the lot-specific CoA/Spec Sheet and SDS for authoritative instructions on reconstitution, permissible storage temperatures, and shelf life. This product is for research use only.
Structure & Identity

Overview: This listing is for IL-12 under Aladdin’s Moligand™ grade. Item-specific structural identifiers are not provided in the Product Data; details below distinguish between item-specific facts and literature knowledge.

Item-specific (from Product Data)

  • Product name: IL-12 (SKU: rp174277)
  • CAS: rp174277 (catalog placeholder)
  • Grade: Moligand™
  • Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
  • SMILES / InChI / InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.

Literature/general description (for context; not item-specific)

  • IL-12 is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of two disulfide-linked subunits: p35 (IL12A) and p40 (IL12B).
  • Each subunit adopts a four-helix bundle typical of class I helical cytokines; the p40 subunit also contains an immunoglobulin-like domain facilitating receptor binding.
  • Quaternary structure: αβ heterodimer stabilized by inter-chain disulfides; glycosylation patterns are common and isoform-dependent.
  • Typical overall mass: ~70 kDa for the heterodimer (varies with glycosylation; literature).
  • Receptor engagement: binds IL-12 receptor complex (IL-12Rβ1/IL-12Rβ2) to activate JAK2/TYK2-STAT4 signaling (literature).

2D/feature summary (literature)

  • Functional groups: multiple cystine disulfides, N-linked glycans (context-dependent), numerous charged side chains conferring aqueous solubility.
  • No small-molecule line notations (SMILES/InChI) are applicable to intact proteins; these are typically omitted or replaced by sequence-based identifiers in proteomics workflows.
Synthetic Utility

Not typically applicable

  • IL-12 is a protein cytokine and is not used as a building block, reagent, or catalyst in synthetic organic chemistry. It does not participate in conventional small-molecule transformations (e.g., cross-coupling, carbonyl chemistry, organometallic reactions).

Related laboratory utility (literature; for context)

  • As a biologically active ligand, IL-12 serves in mechanistic studies of immune signaling, enabling validation of pathway modulation by small molecules or biologics.
  • In chemical biology, IL-12 exposure can be part of phenotypic screening cascades to define Th1-skewing conditions or to assess off-target immunostimulatory effects of candidate compounds.

If your objective is chemical synthesis

  • Refer to solvent reagents, catalysts, and building blocks rather than cytokines. For immunology-oriented chemical biology, consider labeled cytokines or receptor ectodomains for binding studies; such specialized formats are not specified for this item.
Target Specificity

Item-specific data

  • Antigen/epitope, species reactivity, clone/isotype, and validated targets are not provided for this SKU.

Note

  • No target-binding specificity, receptor affinity, or bioactivity profile is specified in the Product Data for this item. Consult the CoA/Spec Sheet for any lot-specific characterization if available.

Need help choosing the grade?

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Interleukin-12 receptor Agonist (1)
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