This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as naphthalenecarboxylic acids and derivatives. These are compounds containing a naphthalene moiety, which bears a carboxylic acid group or a derivative at one or more positions. Naphthalene is a bicyclic compound that is made up of two fused benzene ring.
External Descriptors
Not available
1. Djoumbou Feunang Y, Eisner R, Knox C, Chepelev L, Hastings J, Owen G, Fahy E, Steinbeck C, Subramanian S, Bolton E, Greiner R, and Wishart DS. ClassyFire: Automated Chemical Classification With A Comprehensive, Computable Taxonomy. Journal of Cheminformatics, 2016, 8:61.
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Application Protocols
No manufacturer-validated application protocols are provided for this item.
General laboratory practices for small-molecule standards (non-item-specific):
Stock preparation: Dissolve in anhydrous DMSO or ACN to 1–10 mg/mL; aliquot into amber vials; store according to Storage & Reconstitution guidance.
Working solutions: Dilute stocks into buffer or mobile phase, keeping organic cosolvent low to prevent precipitation and matrix effects.
LC–MS calibration: Prepare serial dilutions across the expected concentration range; include internal standard if available; verify linearity and stability over the analytical run.
Bioassays (if applicable): Validate vehicle controls, concentration verification, and exposure times; avoid adsorption by pre-conditioning plasticware or using glass.
For any specific protocols (WB, IHC, IF, FC) or detailed assay conditions, consult your institutional SOPs and the primary literature. Item-specific recommendations are not available for this product.
Biological Roles
General (literature-based, not specific to this item’s CoA):
JWH-series compounds were developed as research ligands for the endocannabinoid system. Many members function as agonists at cannabinoid receptors CB1 and/or CB2 in vitro. The precise receptor selectivity, potency, and efficacy for JWH 368 should be confirmed from primary literature and experimentally validated under your assay conditions.
Conceptual roles in research:
Chemical probes: Employed to interrogate GPCR signaling cascades coupled to CB1/CB2 (e.g., Gi/o-mediated modulation of cAMP, β-arrestin recruitment). Assays typically include radioligand binding, membrane potential, and second messenger readouts.
SAR frameworks: Structural variations within the JWH family (N-alkyl chain length, aryl substitutions, carbonyl linker identity) inform structure–activity relationships for cannabinoid receptor engagement.
Metabolism studies: In vitro microsomal or hepatocyte incubations are used to profile oxidative and conjugative metabolites; data support analytical detection in complex matrices.
Important caveats:
No medical or clinical uses are implied; this product is supplied strictly for laboratory research.
Biological activity can be assay- and system-dependent; vehicle effects and compound aggregation may confound results—validate controls rigorously.
Item-specific biological data (potency, selectivity, functional bias) are not specified for this product; consult the CoA/Spec Sheet and peer-reviewed literature for JWH 368.
Buffer Applications
This product is a hydrophobic small-molecule research ligand/standard, not a buffering reagent. It does not serve as a pH buffer component.
Practical notes for buffer use in assays (general guidance):
If preparing aqueous working solutions, dissolve first in a water-miscible organic cosolvent (e.g., DMSO or ethanol), then dilute into assay buffer while maintaining low final organic content (commonly ≤0.1–1% v/v).
Select biologically appropriate buffers (e.g., HEPES, PBS) for your assay system; ensure buffer salts and pH do not precipitate the compound. Gentle vortexing and brief sonication can help maintain homogeneity.
Item-specific buffering parameters (pKa, buffer capacity, recipes): Not applicable.
Green Alternatives
This item is a bioactive research chemical (synthetic cannabinoid standard), not a process solvent or bulk reagent. “Green alternative” considerations are therefore limited and mainly relate to solvent and workflow choices during handling and analysis.
Greener handling strategies (general):
Prefer aqueous-compatible dilutions with minimal organic cosolvent when possible (≤0.1–0.5% DMSO/EtOH) for in vitro assays.
For analytical workflows, use acetonitrile/water in place of chlorinated solvents; avoid dichloromethane where practicable.
Scale minimization: Work at microgram–milligram scales to reduce chemical footprint and waste.
Solvent recovery: Collect and recycle ACN/MeOH where facilities exist; use LC–MS microflow to cut solvent consumption.
Example comparison (general solvent choice for solution prep):
DMSO: High solvency but difficult to remove; use only as needed and at low final assay percentages.
Ethanol: Renewable feedstock options; more benign profile than chlorinated solvents; good for quick dilutions.
2-Propanol: Sometimes dissolves hydrophobic ligands while offering better worker acceptability than MeOH; verify assay compatibility.
Note: There is no “green substitute” for the compound itself in studies where JWH 368 is specifically required as a reference/analytical target. Environmental and safety performance should focus on solvent selection, microscale work, and proper waste management.
Pharmaceutical Uses
No pharmaceutical excipient or manufacturing uses are provided for this item, and none should be inferred. JWH 368 is offered strictly for research use only.
Context (general information):
Synthetic cannabinoids like JWH-series compounds are used in laboratory studies as reference standards and research ligands. They are not approved pharmaceutical ingredients or excipients.
If used in method development related to pharmaceutical analysis, the compound may serve as a system suitability or calibration analyte for chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods.
Regulatory status: Not specified for this item; users are responsible for ensuring compliance with all local regulations and institutional policies governing the handling and use of research chemicals.
Physical Properties
Item-specific physical constants are not provided in the Product Data.
Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Purity/Grade: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Melting point: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Boiling point: Not applicable/rarely reported for this class due to thermal lability; specific value not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Density: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Refractive index: Not applicable (typically a crystalline solid); item-specific value not specified.
Solubility (practical guidance, literature-general for JWH-series):
Often sparingly soluble in water and freely soluble in organic solvents such as DMSO, DMF, acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, and dichloromethane. Actual solubility for JWH 368 should be confirmed experimentally or from the CoA/Spec Sheet.
LogP, pKa: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Notes for handling physical properties in practice (general):
Prepare concentrated stock solutions in anhydrous DMSO or ethanol and dilute into assay buffers immediately before use to minimize precipitation.
For analytical work (LC–MS), acetonitrile/water with 0.1% formic acid typically affords good peak shape for JWH-class analytes; adjust based on actual retention behavior of JWH 368.
Quality & Grades
Grade/Purity: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Guidance on grades (general information for small-molecule research standards):
Analytical/reference grade: Prioritizes structural identity (NMR, MS, HRMS) and defined purity (HPLC/GC area %). UV–Vis profile and residual solvents may be reported. This is typically preferred for quantitative analytical work and pharmacology assays.
Screening grade: Intended for exploratory biology/chemistry; purity often ≥95% by HPLC with relaxed controls on residual solvents/inorganics.
Impurity profile: For JWH-class compounds, key impurities may include positional isomers, unreacted starting materials, and residual solvents. Review chromatographic purity, NMR integral balance, and water content when available.
What to check on the CoA/Spec Sheet for this item:
Identity confirmation: 1H/13C NMR, MS/HRMS, and optionally IR.
Residual solvents/water: KF and headspace GC, if provided.
Inorganic residue: Sulfated ash/elemental analysis if relevant.
Stabilizers/additives: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Note: When using as an analytical standard, consider verifying purity and identity in-house (orthogonal methods) prior to quantitative use. Align grade selection with your downstream application (e.g., bioassay vs. method development).
Reaction & Applications
This product is primarily used as a research chemical/analytical reference for studies involving synthetic cannabinoids rather than as a general-purpose synthetic reagent.
Typical laboratory applications (general for JWH-series):
Analytical reference standard:
LC–MS/MS method development and validation (forensic/toxicology matrices): Optimize MRM transitions and retention using ACN/H2O with formic acid or ammonium formate buffers.
Stability studies under stress (light, heat, pH) to characterize degradation pathways relevant to sample handling.
Pharmacology research (in vitro):
Ligand-based studies with cannabinoid receptors (CB1/CB2) in binding or functional assays. Use minimal DMSO vehicle and confirm concentration by quantitative NMR or UV if chromophore allows.
Comparative SAR panels: Evaluate activity across a library of JWH analogs to elucidate substituent effects on potency/efficacy (no medical use implied).
Practical tips:
Light/thermal sensitivity is possible; prepare small aliquots and minimize freeze–thaw.
Adsorptive losses can occur on plastic; use low-bind PP or glass vials.
Confirm identity and purity by orthogonal methods before quantitative work; some JWH isomers coelute on standard C18—use phenyl-hexyl or biphenyl phases for improved resolution.
Note: No manufacturer-provided application examples were listed for this catalog entry; the above are general research uses consistent with this compound class. Always adapt conditions to your protocol and consult primary literature for JWH 368–specific data where available.
Reaction Conditions
This catalog item is not intended as a reagent or catalyst, and no manufacturer-recommended reaction conditions are provided.
General guidance if performing derivatization for analytical purposes (non-item-specific):
Oxime formation (carbonyl handle):
Solvent: Ethanol or pyridine/EtOH mixtures; reagent: hydroxylamine hydrochloride; base: pyridine or acetate buffer; temperature: rt–60 C; time: 1–4 h. Monitor by LC–MS. (Literature-general conditions.)
Carbonyl reduction to secondary alcohol:
Reagents: NaBH4 in MeOH/THF at 0–25 C; quench with NH4Cl; purify by silica gel chromatography. (Literature-general.)
Analytical hydrolysis/stress testing:
Acid/base stress in ACN/H2O (0.1–1 M HCl/NaOH), 40–60 C, 2–24 h to map degradation products for stability-indicating methods. (Literature-general.)
These examples are for method-development context only and are not recommendations for synthetic production. For JWH 368 specifically, no reaction-condition data are provided in the Product Data; consult primary literature if chemical modification is intended.
Safety & Handling
GHS/SDS details are not provided in the Product Data for this item. Treat as a potent research chemical. Always consult the product SDS for authoritative information.
GHS classification, pictograms, signal word, H-statements: Not specified for this item; refer to SDS.
General hazards (literature/analog-based): Synthetic cannabinoids can be biologically active at low doses; avoid inhalation, ingestion, and skin exposure. Handle in a fume hood with appropriate containment.
PPE: Lab coat, safety glasses, and disposable nitrile gloves (double-gloving recommended for weighing microgram–milligram quantities). Use antistatic measures when handling fine powders.
Engineering controls: Certified chemical fume hood; use a balance enclosure for weighing to reduce aerosolization. Employ dedicated tools to prevent cross-contamination.
Incompatibilities (general): Strong oxidizers; avoid excessive heat and UV exposure which may cause degradation. Keep away from open flames and ignition sources when using flammable solvents for dissolution.
First-aid overview (general):
Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms occur.
Skin contact: Wash with soap and water; remove contaminated clothing.
Eye contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present; seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth; do not induce vomiting; seek medical attention.
Waste: Dispose of according to institutional hazardous chemical waste procedures. Decontaminate surfaces with appropriate organic solvent followed by detergent wash.
Transport: Ship and receive according to applicable regulations for research chemicals; this product is for research use only.
Solvent Selection
JWH-series cannabinoids are typically nonpolar-to-moderately lipophilic small molecules. Absent item-specific solubility data, choose solvents based on general behavior of naphthoylindole analogs and confirm experimentally.
Polarity/miscibility (general): Limited aqueous solubility; good solubility in polar aprotic and moderately polar organic solvents.
Shipped in: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Appearance: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Best practices (general for JWH-series reference standards):
Protect from light and moisture. Store in a tightly closed container under inert gas if practical, especially after opening.
For long-term stability, many laboratories maintain solid material at 2–8 C or −20 C despite room-temperature classification; verify stability for JWH 368 from the CoA/Spec Sheet or internal studies.
Reconstitution guidelines (general):
Solvents: DMSO, ethanol, methanol, or acetonitrile. Start with small volumes (e.g., 1–5 mg/mL) and adjust as needed.
Technique: Bring solid to ambient temperature before opening to avoid condensation. Dissolve with gentle vortexing/brief sonication. Filter (0.22 μm PTFE) for LC–MS use if particulate persists.
Aliquoting: Prepare single-use aliquots to avoid repeated freeze–thaw; store solutions in amber vials.
Solution stability: Not specified for this item; confirm empirically (e.g., LC–MS purity check after 24–72 h at intended storage conditions).
Research Use Note: For research use only.
Always defer to the product’s SDS and CoA/Spec Sheet for definitive storage, stability, and handling instructions for this specific catalog item.
Structure & Identity
Brief overview: JWH 368 is a member of the JWH-series synthetic cannabinoids (naphthoylindole/related chemotypes) developed for cannabinoid receptor research. Specific structural identifiers for this catalog item are not provided in the Product Data and should be confirmed against the item’s CoA/Spec Sheet.
SKU: J732092 (Aladdin Scientific catalog)
Product name: JWH 368
CAS: 914458-31-4 (literature identifier for JWH 368)
CID: 44418331 (literature)
InChIKey: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
SMILES: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular formula: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Molecular weight: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
Structural features (general, literature):
JWH-series compounds typically comprise an indole or indazole core acylated (e.g., naphthoyl) or otherwise linked to an aryl group, often bearing an N-alkyl chain (e.g., pentyl), forming a lipophilic, planar-to-subplanar framework.
Functional groups commonly include an amide/ketone-like carbonyl (e.g., arylcarbonyl at the 3-position of indole) and an N-alkylated indole nitrogen; exact substitution pattern for JWH 368 must be verified from the CoA/Spec Sheet.
2D structure (descriptive, general to JWH-series):
A bicyclic indole ring system fused (five-membered pyrrolic ring + six-membered benzene) bearing an aryl-carbonyl linker to a second aromatic ring (often naphthalene), with an alkyl substituent on the indole nitrogen. The precise ring substitution pattern for JWH 368 is item-specific and should be confirmed from primary documentation.
Synthetic Utility
As supplied, JWH 368 is the end-product analyte of interest rather than a general synthetic building block. It is typically not employed as a reagent or intermediate. Nevertheless, understanding its functional group topology informs derivatization for analytical or mechanistic studies.
General chemical features (literature-class perspective):
Core scaffold: Indole (or related) nucleus with an aryl-carbonyl linkage to a second aromatic ring; N-alkyl substitution common in JWH-series.
Reactivity considerations:
The aryl ketone moiety can, in principle, undergo typical carbonyl chemistry (e.g., oxime formation or reduction) for metabolite-mimic synthesis or derivatization; such transformations are for research derivatization only.
Electrophilic aromatic substitution on activated rings is possible but may be hindered by deactivation from the carbonyl.
Indole nitrogen is typically N-alkylated; dealkylation requires strong conditions and is generally not practical on the finished standard.
Applications of derivatization (analytical context):
Stable-isotope labeling (e.g., 13C, 2H) to prepare internal standards for LC–MS quantitation.
Photostability tagging or fluorescent probes via selective modifications, when synthetically feasible.
Note: Item-specific reactive impurities, stabilizers, or salt forms are not specified; consult CoA/Spec Sheet prior to any chemical manipulation.
Target Specificity
Target- or assay-specific attributes (antigen/epitope/clone/isotype) are not applicable to this small-molecule product.
Manufacturer target data: Not specified for this item; refer to CoA/Spec Sheet.
General note: In the literature, JWH-series compounds are studied as ligands of cannabinoid receptors (CB1/CB2). However, no item-specific potency/selectivity data are provided here. Users should determine receptor engagement parameters empirically in their chosen assay systems.
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